1
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Zhang Z, Vanni M, Wu X, Hemberger P, Bodi A, Mitchell S, Pérez-Ramírez J. CO Cofeeding Affects Product Distribution in CH 3Cl Coupling over ZSM-5 Zeolite: Pressure Twists the Plot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401060. [PMID: 38451557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
C1 coupling reactions over zeolite catalysts are central to sustainable chemical production strategies. However, questions persist regarding the involvement of CO in ketene formation, and the impact of this elusive oxygenate intermediate on reactivity patterns. Using operando photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy (PEPICO), we investigate the role of CO in methyl chloride conversion to hydrocarbons (MCTH), a prospective process for methane valorization with a reaction network akin to methanol to hydrocarbons (MTH) but without oxygenate intermediates. Our findings reveal the transformative role of CO in MCTH at the low pressures, inducing ketene formation in MCTH and boosting olefin production, confirming the Koch carbonylation step in the initial stages of C1 coupling. We uncover pressure-dependent product distributions driven by CO-induced ketene formation, and its subsequent desorption from the zeolite surface, which is enhanced at low pressure. Inspired by the above results, extension of the co-feeding approach to CH3OH as another simple oxygenate showcases the additional potential for improved catalyst stability in MCTH at ambient pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Vanni
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Hemberger P, Pan Z, Wu X, Zhang Z, Kanayama K, Bodi A. Photoion Mass-Selected Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Detect Reactive Intermediates in Catalysis: From Instrumentation and Examples to Peculiarities and a Database. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:16751-16763. [PMID: 37670794 PMCID: PMC10476201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectroscopy (ms-TPES) is a synchrotron-based, universal, sensitive, and multiplexed detection tool applied in the areas of catalysis, combustion, and gas-phase reactions. Isomer-selective vibrational fingerprints in the ms-TPES of stable and reactive intermediates allow for unequivocal assignment of spectral carriers. Case studies are presented on heterogeneous catalysis, revealing the role of ketenes in the methanol-to-olefins process, the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of lignin model compounds, and the radical chemistry upon C-H activation in oxyhalogenation. These studies demonstrate the potential of ms-TPES as an analytical technique for elucidating complex reaction mechanisms. We examine the robustness of ms-TPES assignments and address sampling effects, especially the temperature dependence of ms-TPES due to rovibrational broadening. Data acquisition approaches and the Stark shift from the extraction field are also considered to arrive at general recommendations. Finally, the PhotoElectron PhotoIon Spectral Compendium (https://pepisco.psi.ch), a spectral database hosted at Paul Scherrer Institute to support assignment, is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeyou Pan
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Keisuke Kanayama
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
- Institute
of Fluid Science, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Andras Bodi
- Paul
Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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3
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Jan F, Yang M, Zhou N, Sun X, Li B. Engineering the catalytic properties of CeO2 catalyst in HCl-assisted propane dehydrogenation by effective doping: A first-principles-based microkinetic simulation. Front Chem 2023; 11:1133865. [PMID: 36970413 PMCID: PMC10036589 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1133865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HCl-assisted propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is an attractive route for propene production with good selectivity. In this study, the doping of CeO2 with different transition metals, including V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Cu, in the presence of HCl was investigated for PDH. The dopants have a pronounced effect on the electronic structure of pristine ceria that significantly alters the catalytic capabilities. The calculations indicate the spontaneous dissociation of HCl on all surfaces with a facile abstraction of the first hydrogen atom except on V- and Mn-doped surfaces. The lowest energy barrier of 0.50 and 0.51eV was found for Pd- and Ni-doped CeO2 surfaces. The surface oxygen is responsible for hydrogen abstraction, and its activity is described by the p-band center. Microkinetics simulation is performed on all doped surfaces. The increase in the turnover frequency (TOF) is directly linked with the partial pressure of propane. The adsorption energy of reactants aligned with the observed performance. The reaction follows first-order kinetics to C3H8. Furthermore, on all surfaces, the formation of C3H7 is found as the rate-determining step confirmed by the degree of rate control (DRC) analysis. This study provides a decisive description of catalyst modification for HCl-assisted PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Jan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nuodan Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - XiaoYing Sun
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; XiaoYing Sun,
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li, ; XiaoYing Sun,
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4
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Pan Z, Bodi A, van Bokhoven JA, Hemberger P. Operando PEPICO unveils the catalytic fast pyrolysis mechanism of the three methoxyphenol isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21786-21793. [PMID: 36082786 PMCID: PMC9491049 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02741k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of lignin valorization processes such as catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) to produce fine chemicals and fuels leads to a more sustainable future. The implementation of CFP is enabled by understanding the chemistry of lignin constituents, which, however, requires thorough mechanistic investigations by detecting reactive species. In this contribution, we investigate the CFP of the three methoxyphenol (MP) isomers over H-ZSM-5 utilizing vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation and operando photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy. All isomers demethylate at first to yield benzenediols, from which dehydroxylation reactions proceed to produce phenol and benzene. Additional pathways to form benzene proceed over cyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene, and fulvene intermediates. The detection of trace amounts of methanol in the product stream suggests a demethoxylation reaction to yield phenol. Guaiacol (2- or ortho-MP) exhibits slightly higher reactivity compared to 3-MP and 4-MP, due to the formation of the fulvenone ketene, which opens additional routes to benzene and phenol. When compared to benzenediol catalytic pyrolysis, the additional methyl group in MP leads to high conversion at lower reactor temperatures, which is mostly owed to the lower H3C–O vs. H–O bond energy and the possibility to demethoxylate to produce phenol. Demethylation, demethoxylation and fulvenone ketene formation determine the reactivity of methoxyphenols over H-ZSM-5 to yield phenols, benzene and toluene. Intermediates are isomer-selectively detected utilizing threshold photoelectron spectroscopy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyou Pan
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland. .,Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland. .,Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Gong X, Çağlayan M, Ye Y, Liu K, Gascon J, Dutta Chowdhury A. First-Generation Organic Reaction Intermediates in Zeolite Chemistry and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14275-14345. [PMID: 35947790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite chemistry and catalysis are expected to play a decisive role in the next decade(s) to build a more decentralized renewable feedstock-dependent sustainable society owing to the increased scrutiny over carbon emissions. Therefore, the lack of fundamental and mechanistic understanding of these processes is a critical "technical bottleneck" that must be eliminated to maximize economic value and minimize waste. We have identified, considering this objective, that the chemistry related to the first-generation reaction intermediates (i.e., carbocations, radicals, carbenes, ketenes, and carbanions) in zeolite chemistry and catalysis is highly underdeveloped or undervalued compared to other catalysis streams (e.g., homogeneous catalysis). This limitation can often be attributed to the technological restrictions to detect such "short-lived and highly reactive" intermediates at the interface (gas-solid/solid-liquid); however, the recent rise of sophisticated spectroscopic/analytical techniques (including under in situ/operando conditions) and modern data analysis methods collectively compete to unravel the impact of these organic intermediates. This comprehensive review summarizes the state-of-the-art first-generation organic reaction intermediates in zeolite chemistry and catalysis and evaluates their existing challenges and future prospects, to contribute significantly to the "circular carbon economy" initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Mustafa Çağlayan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yiru Ye
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Jorge Gascon
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Elucidation of radical- and oxygenate-driven paths in zeolite-catalysed conversion of methanol and methyl chloride to hydrocarbons. Nat Catal 2022; 5:605-614. [PMID: 35892076 PMCID: PMC7613158 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding hydrocarbon generation in the zeolite-catalysed conversions of methanol and methyl chloride requires advanced spectroscopic approaches to distinguish the complex mechanisms governing C-C bond formation, chain growth and the deposition of carbonaceous species. Here operando photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy enables the isomer-selective identification of pathways to hydrocarbons of up to C14 in size, providing direct experimental evidence of methyl radicals in both reactions and ketene in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction. Both routes converge to C5 molecules that transform into aromatics. Operando PEPICO highlights distinctions in the prevalence of coke precursors, which is supported by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, providing evidence of differences in the representative molecular structure, density and distribution of accumulated carbonaceous species. Radical-driven pathways in the methyl chloride-to-hydrocarbons reaction(s) accelerate the formation of extended aromatic systems, leading to fast deactivation. By contrast, the generation of alkylated species through oxygenate-driven pathways in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction extends the catalyst lifetime. The findings demonstrate the potential of the presented methods to provide valuable mechanistic insights into complex reaction networks.
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7
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Jan F, Lian Z, Zhi S, Yang M, Si C, Li B. Revealing the role of HBr in propane dehydrogenation on CeO 2(111) via DFT-based microkinetic simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9718-9726. [PMID: 35412541 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HBr, as a soft oxidant, has been demonstrated to have a good balance between stability and selectivity in catalytic propane dehydrogenation. However, the origin of enhancements induced by HBr (hydrobromic acid) remains elusive. In this study, DFT-based microkinetic simulations were performed to reveal the reaction pathway and performance of propane dehydrogenation catalyzed by CeO2 in the presence of HBr. Three scenarios were under the investigations, which are pristine, dissociated HBr, and Br assisted surface hydroxyl. The calculations indicated that HBr significantly enhanced the adsorption of propane and provided alternative pathways for propene formation. More significantly, the energy barrier of C-H bond activation in propane was reduced with the assistance of HBr. It was very interesting to find that the reactivity of surface hydroxyl remarkably increased for C-H bond activation in the presence of HBr. The positive role of HBr is clearly evident from the microkinetic simulation. The TOFs of both propane conversion and propene formation increased after the introduction of HBr, which correlates with the apparent decreased activation energy. The reaction rate has a first order dependence on C3H8 and zero order dependence on HBr. The current study lays out a solid basis for further optimization of the performance of propane dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Jan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Lian
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaike Zhi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaowei Si
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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8
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Hemberger P, Wu X, Pan Z, Bodi A. Continuous Pyrolysis Microreactors: Hot Sources with Little Cooling? New Insights Utilizing Cation Velocity Map Imaging and Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2196-2210. [PMID: 35316066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resistively heated silicon carbide microreactors are widely applied as continuous sources to selectively prepare elusive and reactive intermediates with astrochemical, catalytic, or combustion relevance to measure their photoelectron spectrum. These reactors also provide deep mechanistic insights into uni- and bimolecular chemistry. However, the sampling conditions and effects have not been fully characterized. We use cation velocity map imaging to measure the velocity distribution of the molecular beam signal and to quantify the scattered, rethermalized background sample. Although translational cooling is efficient in the adiabatic expansion from the reactor, the breakdown diagrams of methane and chlorobenzene confirm that the molecular beam component exhibits a rovibrational temperature comparable with that of the reactor. Thus, rovibrational cooling is practically absent in the expansion from the microreactor. The high rovibrational temperature also affects the threshold photoelectron spectrum of both benzene and the allyl radical in the molecular beam, but to different degrees. While the extreme broadening of the benzene TPES suggests a complex ionization mechanism, the allyl TPES is in fact consistent with an internal temperature close to that of the reactor. The background, room-temperature spectra of both are superbly reproduced by Franck-Condon simulations at 300 K. On the one hand, this leads us to suggest that room-temperature reference spectra should be used in species identification. On the other hand, analysis of the allyl iodide pyrolysis data shows that iodine atoms often recombine to form molecular iodine on the chamber surfaces. Such sampling effects may distort the chemical composition of the scattered background with respect to the molecular beam signal emanating directly from the reactor. This must be considered in quantitative analyses and kinetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hemberger
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeyou Pan
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, Forschungsstrasse 111, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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9
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Fischer I, Pratt ST. Photoelectron spectroscopy in molecular physical chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1944-1959. [PMID: 35023533 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy has long been a powerful method in the toolbox of experimental physical chemistry and molecular physics. Recent improvements in coincidence methods, charged-particle imaging, and electron energy resolution have greatly expanded the variety of environments in which photoelectron spectroscopy can be applied, as well as the range of questions that can now be addressed. In this Perspectives Article, we focus on selected recent studies that highlight these advances and research areas. The topics include reactive intermediates and new thermochemical data, high-resolution comparisons of experiment and theory using methods based on pulsed-field ionisation (PFI), and the application of photoelectron spectroscopy as an analytical tool to monitor chemical reactions in complex environments, like model flames, catalytic or high-temperature reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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10
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Puente‐Urbina A, Pan Z, Paunović V, Šot P, Hemberger P, van Bokhoven JA. Direct Evidence on the Mechanism of Methane Conversion under Non-oxidative Conditions over Iron-modified Silica: The Role of Propargyl Radicals Unveiled. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24002-24007. [PMID: 34459534 PMCID: PMC8596584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Radical-mediated gas-phase reactions play an important role in the conversion of methane under non-oxidative conditions into olefins and aromatics over iron-modified silica catalysts. Herein, we use operando photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy to disentangle the elusive C2+ radical intermediates participating in the complex gas-phase reaction network. Our experiments pinpoint different C2 -C5 radical species that allow for a stepwise growth of the hydrocarbon chains. Propargyl radicals (H2 C-C≡C-H) are identified as essential precursors for the formation of aromatics, which then contribute to the formation of heavier hydrocarbon products via hydrogen abstraction-acetylene addition routes (HACA mechanism). These results provide comprehensive mechanistic insights that are relevant for the development of methane valorization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Puente‐Urbina
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Zeyou Pan
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and FemtochemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Vladimir Paunović
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Petr Šot
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and FemtochemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and BioengineeringDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232VilligenSwitzerland
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11
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Puente‐Urbina A, Pan Z, Paunović V, Šot P, Hemberger P, Bokhoven JA. Direct Evidence on the Mechanism of Methane Conversion under Non‐oxidative Conditions over Iron‐modified Silica: The Role of Propargyl Radicals Unveiled. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen Puente‐Urbina
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zeyou Pan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Paunović
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Petr Šot
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen Anton Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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12
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Pan Z, Puente-Urbina A, Bodi A, van Bokhoven JA, Hemberger P. Isomer-dependent catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the lignin model compounds catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3161-3169. [PMID: 34164083 PMCID: PMC8179379 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the initial lignin depolymerization products will help us develop biomass valorization strategies. How does isomerism influence reactivity, product formation, selectivities, and side reactions? By using imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation, we reveal initial, short-lived reactive intermediates driving benzenediol catalytic pyrolysis over H-ZSM-5 catalyst. The detailed reaction mechanism unveils new pathways leading to the most important products and intermediates. Thanks to the two vicinal hydroxyl groups, catechol (o-benzenediol) is readily dehydrated to form fulvenone, a reactive ketene intermediate, and exhibits the highest reactivity. Fulvenone is hydrogenated on the catalyst surface to phenol or is decarbonylated to produce cyclopentadiene. Hydroquinone (p-benzenediol) mostly dehydrogenates to produce p-benzoquinone. Resorcinol, m-benzenediol, is the most stable isomer, because dehydration and dehydrogenation both involve biradicals owing to the meta position of the hydroxyl groups and are unfavorable. The three isomers may also interconvert in a minor reaction channel, which yields small amounts of cyclopentadiene and phenol via dehydroxylation and decarbonylation. We propose a generalized reaction mechanism for benzenediols in lignin catalytic pyrolysis and provide detailed mechanistic insights on how isomerism influences conversion and product formation. The mechanism accounts for processes ranging from decomposition reactions to molecular growth by initial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation steps to yield, e.g., naphthalene. The latter involves a Diels-Alder dimerization of cyclopentadiene, isomerization, and dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyou Pan
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Allen Puente-Urbina
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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13
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Jiang X, Sharma L, Fung V, Park SJ, Jones CW, Sumpter BG, Baltrusaitis J, Wu Z. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane to Propylene with Soft Oxidants via Heterogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Lohit Sharma
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Victor Fung
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sang Jae Park
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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14
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Kiani D, Sourav S, Tang Y, Baltrusaitis J, Wachs IE. Methane activation by ZSM-5-supported transition metal centers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1251-1268. [PMID: 33284308 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent fundamental insights about methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) to benzene over ZSM-5-supported transition metal oxide-based catalysts (MOx/ZSM-5, where M = V, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Fe). Benzene is an important organic intermediate, used for the synthesis of chemicals like ethylbenzene, cumene, cyclohexane, nitrobenzene and alkylbenzene. Current production of benzene is primarily from crude oil processing, but due to the abundant availability of natural gas, there is much recent interest in developing direct processes to convert CH4 to liquid chemicals. Among the various gas-to-liquid methods, the thermodynamically-limited Methane DehydroAromatization (MDA) to benzene under non-oxidative conditions appears very promising as it circumvents deep oxidation of CH4 to CO2 and does not require the use of a co-reactant. The findings from the MDA catalysis literature is critically analyzed with emphasis on in situ and operando spectroscopic characterization to understand the molecular level details regarding the catalytic sites before and during the MDA reaction. Specifically, this review discusses the anchoring sites of the supported MOx species on the ZSM-5 support, molecular structures of the initial dispersed surface MOx sites, nature of the active sites during MDA, reaction mechanisms, rate-determining step, kinetics and catalyst activity of the MDA reaction. Finally, suggestions are given regarding future experimental investigations to fill the information gaps currently found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Kiani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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15
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Zichittella G, Pérez-Ramírez J. Status and prospects of the decentralised valorisation of natural gas into energy and energy carriers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2984-3012. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We critically review the recent advances in process, reactor, and catalyst design that enable process miniaturisation for decentralised natural gas upgrading into electricity, liquefied natural gas, fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Zichittella
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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16
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Tang X, Lin X, Garcia GA, Loison JC, Gouid Z, Abdallah HH, Fittschen C, Hochlaf M, Gu X, Zhang W, Nahon L. Identifying isomers of peroxy radicals in the gas phase: 1-C3H7O2vs. 2-C3H7O2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15525-15528. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The two isomers of propylperoxy radical 1-C3H7O2 and 2-C3H7O2, together with their rotamers, are individually identified and assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- HFIPS
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- HFIPS
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | | | | | - Zied Gouid
- Université Gustave Eiffel
- COSYS/LISIS
- Champs sur Marne
- France
- Laboratoire de Caractérisations, Applications et Modélisations des Matériaux
| | - Hassan H. Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Education
- Salahaddin University-Erbil
- 44002 Erbil
- Iraq
| | - Christa Fittschen
- University Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8522
- PC2A – Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère
- F-59000 Lille
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Université Gustave Eiffel
- COSYS/LISIS
- Champs sur Marne
- France
| | - Xuejun Gu
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- HFIPS
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
- HFIPS
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
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17
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Hemberger P, van Bokhoven JA, Pérez-Ramírez J, Bodi A. New analytical tools for advanced mechanistic studies in catalysis: photoionization and photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
How can we detect reactive and elusive intermediates in catalysis to unveil reaction mechanisms? In this mini review, we discuss novel photoionization tools to support this quest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5232 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
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