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Wang Q, Han J, Liang Z, Geng X, Du Y, Zhou J, Yao W, Xu T. FSH Is Responsible for Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Associated Atherosclerosis in Mice by Exaggerating Endothelial Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:698-719. [PMID: 38205641 PMCID: PMC10880942 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. But ADTs with orchiectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which appears less significant with GnRH antagonist. The difference of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ADT modalities is hypothesized to be responsible for ADT-associated cardiovascular diseases. METHODS We administered orchiectomy, GnRH agonist, or GnRH antagonist in male ApoE-/- mice fed with Western diet and manipulated FSH levels by testosterone and FSH supplementation or FSH antibody to investigate the role of FSH elevation on atherosclerosis. By combining lipidomics, in vitro study, and intraluminal FSHR (FSH receptor) inhibition, we delineated the effects of FSH on endothelium and monocytes and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Orchiectomy and GnRH agonist, but not GnRH antagonist, induced long- or short-term FSH elevation and significantly accelerated atherogenesis. In orchiectomized and testosterone-supplemented mice, FSH exposure increased atherosclerosis. In GnRH agonist-treated mice, blocking of short FSH surge by anti-FSHβ antibody greatly alleviated endothelial inflammation and delayed atherogenesis. In GnRH antagonist-treated mice, FSH supplementation aggravated atherogenesis. Mechanistically, FSH, synergizing with TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), exacerbated endothelial inflammation by elevating VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion protein 1) expression through the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A)/CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein)/c-Jun and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta)/GATA-6 (GATA-binding protein 6) pathways. In monocytes, FSH upregulated CD29 (cluster of differentiation 29) expression via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/SP1 (specificity protein 1) pathway and promoted monocyte-endothelial adhesion both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, FSHR knockdown by shRNA in endothelium of carotid arteries markedly reduced GnRH agonist-induced endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis in mice. CONCLUSIONS FSH is responsible for ADT-associated atherosclerosis by exaggerating endothelial inflammation and promoting monocyte-endothelial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (Q.W.)
| | - Jingli Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Zhenhui Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Z.L., X.G., J.Z., W.Y.)
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (W.Y.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China (Q.W., J.H., Y.D., T.X.)
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Jiang B, Wang C, Qu C, Jiang C, Zhang C, Chen Y, Chen F, Su L, Luo Y. Primary human thyrocytes maintained the function of thyroid hormone production and secretion in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2501-2512. [PMID: 37133653 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cell lines are useful tools to study the physiology and pathology of the thyroid, however, they do not produce or secrete hormones in vitro. On the other hand, the detection of endogenous thyroid hormones in primary thyrocytes was often hindered by the dedifferentiation of thyrocytes ex vivo and the presence of large amounts of exogenous hormones in the culture medium. This study aimed to create a culture system that could maintain the function of thyrocytes to produce and secrete thyroid hormones in vitro. METHODS We established a Transwell culture system of primary human thyrocytes. Thyrocytes were seeded on a porous membrane in the inner chamber of the Transwell with top and bottom surfaces exposed to different culture components, mimicking the 'lumen-capillary' structure of the thyroid follicle. Moreover, to eliminate exogenous thyroid hormones from the culture medium, two alternatives were tried: a culture recipe using hormone-reduced serum and a serum-free culture recipe. RESULTS The results showed that primary human thyrocytes expressed thyroid-specific genes at higher levels in the Transwell system than in the monolayer culture. Hormones were detected in the Transwell system even in the absence of serum. The age of the donor was negatively related to the hormone production of thyrocytes in vitro. Intriguingly, primary human thyrocytes cultured without serum secreted higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) than free thyroxine (FT4). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that primary human thyrocytes could maintain the function of hormone production and secretion in the Transwell system, thus providing a useful tool to study thyroid function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Clinical College of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - C Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - C Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - F Chen
- General Surgery Center Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Middle Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - L Su
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Y Luo
- Frontier Research Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 210008, Nanjing, China.
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Dellaqua TT, Franchi FF, Dos Santos PH, Giroto AB, Nunes SG, de Lima VAV, Guilherme VB, Fontes PK, Sudano MJ, de Souza Castilho AC. Molecular phenotypes of bovine blastocyst derived from in vitro-matured oocyte supplemented with PAPP-A. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1263-1272. [PMID: 36653723 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulates cellular lipid content, whereas pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) increases IGF-1 bioavailability. Using in vitro-matured cumulus-oocyte complexes, we aimed to evaluate the impact of PAPP-A on the blastocyst lipid content, embryo cryotolerance and embryonic transcriptional profile. We determined that PAPP-A did not affect the lipid content of oocytes, blastocysts, or blastocyst yield (P > 0.05). However, PAPP-A modulated the embryo transcriptional profiles by downregulating PPARGC1A and AKR1B1, which are related to lipid metabolism; CASP9, a pro-apoptotic gene; and IFN-τ, a marker of embryo quality (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the use of PAPP-A improved blastocyst re-expansion in the first 3 h of culture after vitrification (P < 0.05). Although PAPP-A did not affect the blastocyst lipid content or embryo production, we suggest that embryonic transcriptional modulation could contribute to maintain the balance in embryo lipid metabolism. Furthermore, PAPP-A's approach seems to control key intracellular pathways that improve post-cryopreservation development of blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisy Tino Dellaqua
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fagali Franchi
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Priscila Helena Dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Gomes Nunes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Kubo Fontes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus José Sudano
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anthony César de Souza Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE) - Campus II, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.
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Schuster SL, Arora S, Wladyka CL, Itagi P, Corey L, Young D, Stackhouse BL, Kollath L, Wu QV, Corey E, True LD, Ha G, Paddison PJ, Hsieh AC. Multi-level functional genomics reveals molecular and cellular oncogenicity of patient-based 3' untranslated region mutations. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112840. [PMID: 37516102 PMCID: PMC10540565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
3' untranslated region (3' UTR) somatic mutations represent a largely unexplored avenue of alternative oncogenic gene dysregulation. To determine the significance of 3' UTR mutations in disease, we identify 3' UTR somatic variants across 185 advanced prostate tumors, discovering 14,497 single-nucleotide mutations enriched in oncogenic pathways and 3' UTR regulatory elements. By developing two complementary massively parallel reporter assays, we measure how thousands of patient-based mutations affect mRNA translation and stability and identify hundreds of functional variants that allow us to define determinants of mutation significance. We demonstrate the clinical relevance of these mutations, observing that CRISPR-Cas9 endogenous editing of distinct variants increases cellular stress resistance and that patients harboring oncogenic 3' UTR mutations have a particularly poor prognosis. This work represents an expansive view of the extent to which disease-relevant 3' UTR mutations affect mRNA stability, translation, and cancer progression, uncovering principles of regulatory functionality and potential therapeutic targets in previously unexplored regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Schuster
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia L Wladyka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Pushpa Itagi
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lukas Corey
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dave Young
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Lori Kollath
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qian V Wu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gavin Ha
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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5
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Grabowska AD, Wątroba M, Witkowska J, Mikulska A, Sepúlveda N, Szukiewicz D. Interplay between Systemic Glycemia and Neuroprotective Activity of Resveratrol in Modulating Astrocyte SIRT1 Response to Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11640. [PMID: 37511397 PMCID: PMC10380505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The flow of substances between the blood and the central nervous system is precisely regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Its disruption due to unbalanced blood glucose levels (hyper- and hypoglycemia) occurring in metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, can lead to neuroinflammation, and increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most studied natural anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective compounds is resveratrol (RSV). It activates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a key metabolism regulator dependent on cell energy status. The aim of this study was to assess the astrocyte SIRT1 response to neuroinflammation and subsequent RSV treatment, depending on systemic glycemia. For this purpose, we used an optimized in vitro model of the BBB consisting of endothelial cells and astrocytes, representing microvascular and brain compartments (MC and BC), in different glycemic backgrounds. Astrocyte-secreted SIRT1 reached the highest concentration in hypo-, the lowest in normo-, and the lowest in hyperglycemic backgrounds. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation caused a substantial decrease in SIRT1 in all glycemic backgrounds, as observed earliest in hyperglycemia. RSV partially counterbalanced the effect of LPS on SIRT1 secretion, most remarkably in normoglycemia. Our results suggest that abnormal glycemic states have a worse prognosis for RSV-therapy effectiveness compared to normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Grabowska
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.W.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Mateusz Wątroba
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.W.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Joanna Witkowska
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.W.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Mikulska
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.W.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- CEAUL—Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Laboratory of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.W.); (A.M.); (D.S.)
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Jang SH, Paek SH, Kim JK, Seong JK, Lim W. A New Culture Model for Enhancing Estrogen Responsiveness in HR+ Breast Cancer Cells through Medium Replacement: Presumed Involvement of Autocrine Factors in Estrogen Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119474. [PMID: 37298425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) cells depend on estrogen and its receptor, ER. Due to this dependence, endocrine therapy (ET) such as aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment is now possible. However, ET resistance (ET-R) occurs frequently and is a priority in HR+ BC research. The effects of estrogen have typically been determined under a special culture condition, i.e., phenol red-free media supplemented with dextran-coated charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (CS-FBS). However, CS-FBS has some limitations, such as not being fully defined or ordinary. Therefore, we attempted to find new experimental conditions and related mechanisms to improve cellular estrogen responsiveness based on the standard culture medium supplemented with normal FBS and phenol red. The hypothesis of pleiotropic estrogen effects led to the discovery that T47D cells respond well to estrogen under low cell density and medium replacement. These conditions made ET less effective there. The fact that several BC cell culture supernatants reversed these findings implies that housekeeping autocrine factors regulate estrogen and ET responsiveness. Results reproduced in T47D subclone and MCF-7 cells highlight that these phenomena are general among HR+ BC cells. Our findings offer not only new insights into ET-R but also a new experimental model for future ET-R studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hoon Jang
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Paek
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Lim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071, Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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7
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Xia B, Viswanatha R, Hu Y, Mohr SE, Perrimon N. Pooled genome-wide CRISPR activation screening for rapamycin resistance genes in Drosophila cells. eLife 2023; 12:e85542. [PMID: 37078570 PMCID: PMC10118385 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function and gain-of-function genetic perturbations provide valuable insights into gene function. In Drosophila cells, while genome-wide loss-of-function screens have been extensively used to reveal mechanisms of a variety of biological processes, approaches for performing genome-wide gain-of-function screens are still lacking. Here, we describe a pooled CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) screening platform in Drosophila cells and apply this method to both focused and genome-wide screens to identify rapamycin resistance genes. The screens identified three genes as novel rapamycin resistance genes: a member of the SLC16 family of monocarboxylate transporters (CG8468), a member of the lipocalin protein family (CG5399), and a zinc finger C2H2 transcription factor (CG9932). Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CG5399 overexpression activates the RTK-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and that activation of insulin receptor (InR) by CG5399 requires cholesterol and clathrin-coated pits at the cell membrane. This study establishes a novel platform for functional genetic studies in Drosophila cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Xia
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Raghuvir Viswanatha
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Stephanie E Mohr
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteBostonUnited States
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Shen S, Wang X, Zhu X, Rasam S, Ma M, Huo S, Qian S, Zhang M, Qu M, Hu C, Jin L, Tian Y, Sethi S, Poulsen D, Wang J, Tu C, Qu J. High-quality and robust protein quantification in large clinical/pharmaceutical cohorts with IonStar proteomics investigation. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:700-731. [PMID: 36494494 PMCID: PMC10673696 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Robust, reliable quantification of large sample cohorts is often essential for meaningful clinical or pharmaceutical proteomics investigations, but it is technically challenging. When analyzing very large numbers of samples, isotope labeling approaches may suffer from substantial batch effects, and even with label-free methods, it becomes evident that low-abundance proteins are not reliably measured owing to unsufficient reproducibility for quantification. The MS1-based quantitative proteomics pipeline IonStar was designed to address these challenges. IonStar is a label-free approach that takes advantage of the high sensitivity/selectivity attainable by ultrahigh-resolution (UHR)-MS1 acquisition (e.g., 120-240k full width at half maximum at m/z = 200) which is now widely available on ultrahigh-field Orbitrap instruments. By selectively and accurately procuring quantitative features of peptides within precisely defined, very narrow m/z windows corresponding to the UHR-MS1 resolution, the method minimizes co-eluted interferences and substantially enhances signal-to-noise ratio of low-abundance species by decreasing noise level. This feature results in high sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision for quantification of low-abundance proteins, as well as fewer missing data and fewer false positives. This protocol also emphasizes the importance of well-controlled, robust experimental procedures to achieve high-quality quantification across a large cohort. It includes a surfactant cocktail-aided sample preparation procedure that achieves high/reproducible protein/peptide recoveries among many samples, and a trapping nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry strategy for sensitive and reproducible acquisition of UHR-MS1 peptide signal robustly across a large cohort. Data processing and quality evaluation are illustrated using an example dataset ( http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org ), and example results from pharmaceutical project and one clinical project (patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome) are shown. The complete IonStar pipeline takes ~1-2 weeks for a sample cohort containing ~50-100 samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sailee Rasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shihan Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuo Qian
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenqi Hu
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Liang Jin
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David Poulsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chengjian Tu
- BioProduction Group, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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9
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Preclinical models of prostate cancer - modelling androgen dependency and castration resistance in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Nat Rev Urol 2023:10.1038/s41585-023-00726-1. [PMID: 36788359 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is well known to be dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival. Thus, AR is the main pharmacological target to treat this disease. However, after an initially positive response to AR-targeting therapies, prostate cancer will eventually evolve to castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is often lethal. Tumour growth was initially thought to become androgen-independent following treatments; however, results from molecular studies have shown that most resistance mechanisms involve the reactivation of AR. Consequently, tumour cells become resistant to castration - the blockade of testicular androgens - and not independent of AR per se. However, confusion still remains on how to properly define preclinical models of prostate cancer, including cell lines. Most cell lines were isolated from patients for cell culture after evolution of the tumour to castration-resistant prostate cancer, but not all of these cell lines are described as castration resistant. Moreover, castration refers to the blockade of testosterone production by the testes; thus, even the concept of "castration" in vitro is questionable. To ensure maximal transfer of knowledge from scientific research to the clinic, understanding the limitations and advantages of preclinical models, as well as how these models recapitulate cancer cell androgen dependency and can be used to study castration resistance mechanisms, is essential.
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10
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Yamanaka K, Haraguchi Y, Takahashi H, Kawashima I, Shimizu T. Development of serum-free and grain-derived-nutrient-free medium using microalga-derived nutrients and mammalian cell-secreted growth factors for sustainable cultured meat production. Sci Rep 2023; 13:498. [PMID: 36627406 PMCID: PMC9832167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the amount of global resources and energy consumed, and animal welfare issues associated with traditional meat production, cultured meat production has been proposed as a solution to these problems and is attracting worldwide attention. Cultured meat is produced by culturing/proliferating animal muscle cells in vitro. This process requires significant amounts of culture medium, which accounts to a major portion of the production cost. Furthermore, it is composed of nutrients derived from grains and heterotrophic microorganisms and fetal bovine serum (FBS), which will impact the sustainability of cultured meat in future. Here, we developed a novel medium containing nutrients extracted from microalga and cell-secreted growth factors. First, rat liver epithelial RL34 cells were cultured by adding Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) to inorganic salt solution. The supernatant, containing the RL34 cell-secreted growth factors, was used as the conditioned medium (CM). This CM, with CVE added as a nutrient source, was applied to primary bovine myoblast cultures. This serum-free and grain-derived-nutrient-free medium promoted the proliferation of bovine myoblasts, the main cell source for cultured beef. Our findings will allow us to take a major step toward reducing production costs and environmental impacts, leading to an expansion of the cultured meat market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Yamanaka
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Yuji Haraguchi
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Hironobu Takahashi
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Ikko Kawashima
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587IntegriCulture Inc., The Advanced Technology Research Laboratory, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, TWIns N101, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
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11
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Zhao B, Tu C, Shen S, Qu J, Morris ME. Identification of Potential Megalin/Cubilin Substrates Using Extensive Proteomics Quantification from Kidney Megalin-Knockdown Mice. AAPS J 2022; 24:109. [PMID: 36253507 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalin and cubilin, endocytic proteins present in the proximal tubule of the kidney, are responsible for reabsorbing filtered proteins from urine. Our hypothesis was that potential substrates of megalin/cubilin could be identified by examining urinary protein differences between control (WT) mice and kidney-specific megalin knockdown (KD) mice. Using the IonStar proteomics approach, 877 potential megalin/cubilin substrates were discovered, with 23 of these compounds representing known megalin/cubilin substrates. Some of the proteins with the largest fold changes in the urine between KD and WT included the known megalin substrates retinol-binding protein and vitamin D-binding protein. Of the total proteins identified as novel substrates, about three-quarters of compounds had molecular weights (MWs) below 69 kDa, the MW of albumin, and the remaining had higher MWs, with about 5% of the proteins having MWs greater than 150 kDa. Sex differences in the number of identified substrates occurred, but this may be due to differences in kidney megalin expression between both male and female megalin KD and WT animals, with the ratio of megalin between WT and KD being 2.76 and 2.14 for female and male mice, respectively. The top three ingenuity canonical pathways based on the urinary proteins in both female and male KD mice were acute phase response signaling, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation, and intrinsic prothrombin activation pathways. In conclusion, analysis of urine samples from kidney-specific megalin KD and WT mice was found to be useful for the identification of potential endogenous substrates for megalin and cubilin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Chengjian Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.,New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, 701 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New York, 14203, USA
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8033, USA.
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12
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Huhn S, Chang M, Kumar A, Liu R, Jiang B, Betenbaugh M, Lin H, Nyberg G, Du Z. Chromosomal instability drives convergent and divergent evolution toward advantageous inherited traits in mammalian CHO bioproduction lineages. iScience 2022; 25:104074. [PMID: 35355517 PMCID: PMC8958363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic instability of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is implicated in production inconsistency through poorly defined mechanisms. Using a multi-omics approach, we analyzed the variations of CHO lineages derived from CHO-K1 cells. We identify an equilibrium between random genetic variation of the CHO genome and heritable traits driven by culture conditions, selection criteria, and genetic linkage. These inherited changes are associated with the selection pressures related to serum removal, suspension culture transition, protein expression, and secretion. We observed that a haploid reduction of a Chromosome 2 region after serum-free, suspension adaptation, was consistently inherited, suggesting common adaptation mechanisms. Genetic variations also included ∼200 insertions/deletions, ∼1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and ∼300-2000 copy number variations, which were exacerbated after gene editing. In addition, heterochromatic chromosomes were preferentially lost as cells continuously evolved. Together, these observations demonstrate a highly plastic signature for adapted CHO cells and paves the way towards future host cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Huhn
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Meiping Chang
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Michael Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Henry Lin
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Gregg Nyberg
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Zhimei Du
- Process Cell Sciences, Biologics Process R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
- Corresponding author
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13
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Lacouture A, Lafront C, Peillex C, Pelletier M, Audet-Walsh É. Impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on prostate function and cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112085. [PMID: 34562481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their historical mode of action, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with sex-steroid receptors, namely the two estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and the androgen receptor (AR). Broadly, EDCs can modulate sex-steroid receptor functions. They can also indirectly impact the androgen and estrogen pathways by influencing steroidogenesis, expression of AR or ERs, and their respective activity as transcription factors. Additionally, many of these chemicals have multiple cellular targets other than sex-steroid receptors, which results in a myriad of potential effects in humans. The current article reviews the association between prostate cancer and the endocrine-disrupting functions of four prominent EDC families: bisphenols, phthalates, phytoestrogens, and mycoestrogens. Results from both in vitro and in vivo models are included and discussed to better assess the molecular mechanisms by which EDCs can modify prostate biology. To overcome the heterogeneity of results published, we established common guidelines to properly study EDCs in the context of endocrine diseases. Firstly, the expression of sex-steroid receptors in the models used must be determined before testing. Then, in parallel to EDCs, pharmacological compounds acting as positive (agonists) and negative controls (antagonists) have to be employed. Finally, EDCs need to be used in a precise range of concentrations to modulate sex-steroid receptors and avoid off-target effects. By adequately integrating molecular endocrinology aspects in EDC studies and identifying their underlying molecular mechanisms, we will truly understand their impact on prostate cancer and distinguish those that favor the progression of the disease from those that slow down tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Lacouture
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Camille Lafront
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Cindy Peillex
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Cancer Research Center (CRC), Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Flores R, Ramirez M, Ayala L, Benavides EA, Xie F, Arellano AA, Stanko RL, Garcia MR. Adiponectin Influences FGF2 in the Developing Porcine Corpus Luteum. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020077. [PMID: 35202330 PMCID: PMC8875662 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteal angiogenesis is regulated by pro-angiogenic hormones including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), which are regulated by the adipokine leptin during development. Another adipokine, adiponectin, exhibits an inverse relationship with leptin and has been identified in the CL. Therefore, it is hypothesized that adiponectin will influence pro-angiogenic hormones in the developing porcine CL. Crossbred sows were randomly allocated to one of two days of the estrous cycle, day 5 (D5; n = 4) or day 7 (D7; n = 5) for CL collection. Tissue was processed for immunohistochemical localization of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), gene expression of FGF2, Ang1, leptin, AdipoR2, and cell culture for adiponectin treatment. The expression of AdipoR2 tended (p = 0.09) to be higher in D7 lutea and was more prevalently localized to the cell surface of large and small luteal cells than in D5 tissue. Adiponectin influenced (p ≤ 0.05) FGF2, leptin, and AdipoR2 gene expression relative to the dose and day (D5 or D7). Collectively, the evidence supports the supposition that adiponectin influences angiogenic factors in the developing CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Martha Ramirez
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Luis Ayala
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | | | - Fang Xie
- Department of Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94142, USA;
| | - Adrian Aaron Arellano
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Randy Louis Stanko
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
| | - Michelle Renee Garcia
- Department of Animal Science and Veterinary Technology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (M.R.); (L.A.); (R.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-361-593-3197
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15
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Delayed-Healing Tympanic Membrane Perforations Using Hyaluronate-based Laminas as a Delivery System. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e497-e506. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Tran-Guzman A, Moradian R, Cui H, Culty M. In vitro impact of genistein and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on the eicosanoid pathway in spermatogonial stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:150-165. [PMID: 34942354 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) alter the male reproductive system. Infants are exposed to genistein (GEN) through soy-based formula, and to Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (MEHP), metabolite of the plasticizer DEHP. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are formed in infancy and their integrity is essential for spermatogenesis. Thus, understanding the impact of EDCs on SSCs is critical. Prostaglandins (PGs) are inflammatory mediators synthesized via the eicosanoid pathway starting with cyclooxygenases (Coxs), that regulate physiological and pathological processes. Our goal was to study the eicosanoid pathway in SSCs and examine whether it was disrupted by GEN and MEHP, potentially contributing to their adverse effects. The mouse C18-4 cell line used as SSC model expressed high levels of Cox1 and Cox2 genes and proteins, and eicosanoid pathway genes similarly to levels measured in primary rat spermatogonia. Treatments with GEN and MEHP at 10 and 100 μM decreased Cox1 gene and protein expression, whereas Cox2, phospholipase A2, prostaglandin synthases transcripts, PGE2, PGF2a and PGD2 were upregulated. Simultaneously, the transcript levels of spermatogonia progenitor markers Foxo1 and Mcam and differentiated spermatogonial markers cKit and Stra8 were increased. Foxo1 was also increased by EDCs in primary rat spermatogonia. This study shows that the eicosanoid pathway is altered during SSC differentiation and that exposure to GEN and MEHP disrupts this process, mainly driven by GEN effects on Cox2 pathway, while MEHP acts through an alternative mechanism. Thus, understanding the role of Cox enzymes in SSCs and how GEN and MEHP exposures alter their differentiation warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tran-Guzman
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renita Moradian
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haoyi Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Culty
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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17
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Zago G, Saavedra PHV, Keshari KR, Perry JSA. Immunometabolism of Tissue-Resident Macrophages - An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Cutting-Edge Methods and Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665782. [PMID: 34025667 PMCID: PMC8138590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages exist in unique environments, or niches, that inform their identity and function. There is an emerging body of literature suggesting that the qualities of this environment, such as the types of cells and debris they eat, the intercellular interactions they form, and the length of time spent in residence, collectively what we call habitare, directly inform their metabolic state. In turn, a tissue-resident macrophage’s metabolic state can inform their function, including whether they resolve inflammation and protect the host from excessive perturbations of homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent work that seeks to understand the metabolic requirements for tissue-resident macrophage identity and maintenance, for how they respond to inflammatory challenges, and for how they perform homeostatic functions or resolve inflammatory insults. We end with a discussion of the emerging technologies that are enabling, or will enable, in situ study of tissue-resident macrophage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zago
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pedro H V Saavedra
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Bryniarski MA, Zhao B, Chaves LD, Mikkelsen JH, Yee BM, Yacoub R, Shen S, Madsen M, Morris ME. Immunoglobulin G Is a Novel Substrate for the Endocytic Protein Megalin. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 33677748 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies comprise the largest class of protein therapeutics. Several factors that influence their overall disposition have been well-characterized, including target-mediated mechanics and convective flow. What remains poorly defined is the potential for non-targeted entry into various tissues or cell types by means of uptake via cell surface receptors at those sites. Megalin and cubilin are large endocytic receptors whose cooperative function plays important physiological roles at the tissues in which they are expressed. One such example is the kidney, where loss of either results in significant declines in proximal tubule protein reabsorption. Due to their diverse ligand profile and broad tissue expression, megalin and cubilin represent potential candidates for receptor-mediated uptake of IgG into various epithelia. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to determine if IgG was a novel ligand of megalin and/or cubilin. Direct binding was measured for human IgG with both megalin and the cubilin/amnionless complex. Additional work focusing on the megalin-IgG interaction was then conducted to build upon these findings. Cell uptake studies using megalin ligands for competitive inhibition or proximal tubule cells stably transduced with megalin-targeted shRNA constructs supported a role for megalin in the endocytosis of human IgG. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic study using transgenic mice with a kidney-specific mosaic knockout of megalin demonstrated increased urinary excretion of human IgG in megalin knockout mice when compared to wild-type controls. These findings indicate that megalin is capable of binding and internalizing IgG via a high affinity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bryniarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Lee D Chaves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M Yee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
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19
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Beck O, Paret C, Russo A, Burhenne J, Fresnais M, Steimel K, Seidmann L, Wagner DC, Vewinger N, Lehmann N, Sprang M, Backes N, Roth L, Neu MA, Wingerter A, Henninger N, El Malki K, Otto H, Alt F, Desuki A, Kindler T, Faber J. Safety and Activity of the Combination of Ceritinib and Dasatinib in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040793. [PMID: 32224911 PMCID: PMC7225940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in pediatric patients. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a relevant role in the biology of OS but no IGF targeted therapies have been successful as monotherapy so far. Here, we tested the effect of three IGF specific inhibitors and tested ceritinib as an off-target inhibitor, alone or in combination with dasatinib, on the proliferation of seven primary OS cells. Picropodophyllin, particularly in combination with dasatinib and the combination ceritinib/dasatinib were effective in abrogating the proliferation. The ceritinib/dasatinib combination was applied to the primary cells of a 16-year-old girl with a long history of lung metastases, and was more effective than cabozantinib and olaparib. Therefore, the combination was used to treat the patient. The treatment was well tolerated, with toxicity limited to skin rush and diarrhea. A histopathological evaluation of the tumor after three months of therapy indicated regions of high necrosis and extensive infiltration of macrophages. The extension of the necrosis was proportional to the concentration of dasatinib and ceritinib in the area, as analysed by an ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). After the cessation of the therapy, radiological analysis indicated a massive growth of the patient’s liver metastases. In conclusion, these data indicate that the combination of ceritinib/dasatinib is safe and may be used to develop new therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Beck
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Claudia Paret
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Russo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.F.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margaux Fresnais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.F.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Steimel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.B.); (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Larissa Seidmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Daniel-Christoph Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (D.-C.W.)
| | - Nadine Vewinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Nadine Lehmann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Maximilian Sprang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Nora Backes
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Lea Roth
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Marie Astrid Neu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Arthur Wingerter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Nicole Henninger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Khalifa El Malki
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Henrike Otto
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Francesca Alt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Alexander Desuki
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joerg Faber
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (O.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.); (N.V.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (L.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.W.); (N.H.); (K.E.M.); (H.O.); (F.A.)
- University Cancer Center (UCT), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-6821
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Liang ZR, Qu LH, Ma LM. Differential impacts of charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum on c-Myc among distinct subtypes of breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:267-272. [PMID: 32209261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (CS-FBS) is frequently used in studies on hormone-responsive cancers to provide hormone-free cell culture conditions. CS-FBS may influence the growth of cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of CS-FBS on distinct subtypes of breast cancer cells. We found that the crucial oncoprotein c-Myc was significantly inhibited in estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α)-positive breast cancer cells when cultured in CS-FBS-supplemented medium, but it was not suppressed in ER-α-negative cells. The addition of 17β-estradiol (E2) to CS-FBS-supplemented medium rescued the CS-FBS-induced inhibition of c-Myc, while treatment with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppressed c-Myc expression. Our data demonstrated that CS-FBS may impede the growth of ER-α-positive breast cancer cells via c-Myc inhibition, and this was possibly due to the removal of estrogen. These results highlighted that the core drivers of c-Myc expression were subtype-specific depending on the distinct cell context and special caution should be exercised when using CS-FBS in studies of hormone-responsive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rui Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Liang-Hu Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Li-Ming Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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21
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Serum lipids, retinoic acid and phenol red differentially regulate expression of keratins K1, K10 and K2 in cultured keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4829. [PMID: 32179842 PMCID: PMC7076045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal keratinocyte differentiation is fundamental to pathologies such as skin cancer and mucosal inflammatory diseases. The ability to grow keratinocytes in vitro allows the study of differentiation however any translational value is limited if keratinocytes get altered by the culture method. Although serum lipids (SLPs) and phenol red (PR) are ubiquitous components of culture media their effect on differentiation is largely unknown. We show for the first time that PR and SLP themselves suppress expression of differentiation-specific keratins K1, K10 and K2 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and two important cell lines, HaCaT and N/TERT-1. Removal of SLP increased expression of K1, K10 and K2 in 2D and 3D cultures, which was further enhanced in the absence of PR. The effect was reversed for K1 and K10 by adding all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) but increased for K2 in the absence of PR. Furthermore, retinoid regulation of differentiation-specific keratins involves post-transcriptional mechanisms as we show KRT2 mRNA is stabilised whilst KRT1 and KRT10 mRNAs are destabilised in the presence of ATRA. Taken together, our results indicate that the presence of PR and SLP in cell culture media may significantly impact in vitro studies of keratinocyte differentiation.
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22
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Mikkat S, Dominik A, Stange J, Eggert M. Comparison of accompanying proteins in different therapeutic human serum albumin preparations. Biologicals 2020; 64:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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23
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Nyquist MD, Corella A, Mohamad O, Coleman I, Kaipainen A, Kuppers DA, Lucas JM, Paddison PJ, Plymate SR, Nelson PS, Mostaghel EA. Molecular determinants of response to high-dose androgen therapy in prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129715. [PMID: 31503550 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of high-dose androgen (HDA) therapy for prostate cancer (PC) have shown promising efficacy but are limited by lack of criteria to identify likely responders. To elucidate factors that govern the growth-repressive effects of HDAs, we applied an unbiased integrative approach using genetic screens and transcriptional profiling of PC cells with or without demonstrated phenotypic sensitivity to androgen-mediated growth repression. Through this comprehensive analysis, we identified genetic events and related signaling networks that determine the response to both HDA and androgen withdrawal. We applied these findings to develop a gene signature that may serve as an early indicator of treatment response and identify men with tumors that are amenable to HDA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel A Kuppers
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jared M Lucas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
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24
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Jathal MK, Steele TM, Siddiqui S, Mooso BA, D'Abronzo LS, Drake CM, Whang YE, Ghosh PM. Dacomitinib, but not lapatinib, suppressed progression in castration-resistant prostate cancer models by preventing HER2 increase. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:237-248. [PMID: 31209328 PMCID: PMC6738116 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite overexpression of the ErbB (EGFR/HER2/ErbB3/ErbB4) family in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), some inhibitors of this family, including the dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor lapatinib, failed in Phase II clinical trials. Hence, we investigated mechanisms of lapatinib resistance to determine whether alternate ErbB inhibitors can succeed. METHODS The CWR22 human tumour xenograft and its CRPC subline 22Rv1 and sera from lapatinib-treated CRPC patients from a previously reported Phase II trial were used to study lapatinib resistance. Mechanistic studies were conducted in LNCaP, C4-2 and 22Rv1 cell lines. RESULTS Lapatinib increased intratumoral HER2 protein, which encouraged resistance to this treatment in mouse models. Sera from CRPC patients following lapatinib treatment demonstrated increased HER2 levels. Investigation of the mechanism of lapatinib-induced HER2 increase revealed that lapatinib promotes HER2 protein stability, leading to membrane localisation, EGFR/HER2 heterodimerisation and signalling, elevating cell viability. Knockdown of HER2 and ErbB3, but not EGFR, sensitised CRPC cells to lapatinib. At equimolar concentrations, the recently FDA-approved pan-ErbB inhibitor dacomitinib decreased HER2 protein stability, prevented ErbB membrane localisation (despite continued membrane integrity) and EGFR/HER2 heterodimerisation, thereby decreasing downstream signalling and increasing apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the EGFR axis using the irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor dacomitinib is a viable therapeutic option for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyee K Jathal
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M Steele
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Salma Siddiqui
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin A Mooso
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Christiana M Drake
- Department of Statistics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Young E Whang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States.
- Department of Biochemistry-Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
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25
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Wang C, Li X, Dang H, Liu P, Zhang BO, Xu F. Insulin-like growth factor 2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of rat adipose-derived stromal cells via IGF-1R and IR. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:619-630. [PMID: 30956007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), an essential component of the stem cell niche, has been reported to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. Previously, a continuous expression of IGF2 in tissues was reported to maintain the self-renewal ability of several types of stem cells. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the expression of IGF2 in adipose tissues and explored the effects of IGF2 on adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) in vitro. METHODS The expression pattern of IGF2 in rat adipose tissues was determined by gene expression and protein analyses. The effect of IGF2 on proliferation, stemness-related marker expression and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation was systematically investigated. Furthermore, antagonists of IGF2-specific receptors-namely, BMS-754807 and picropodophyllin-were added to explore the underlying signal transduction mechanisms. RESULTS IGF2 levels displayed a tendency to decrease with age in rat adipose tissues. After the addition of IGF2, isolated ADSCs displayed higher proliferation and expression of the stemness-related markers NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 and greater differentiation potential to adipocytes and osteoblasts. Additionally, both type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR) participated in the IGF2-mediated promotion of stemness in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that IGF2 could enhance the stemness of rat ADSCs via IGF-1R and IR and may highlight an effective method for the expansion of ADSCs for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hongxing Dang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - B O Zhang
- State Key Lab of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014 China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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