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Mikkelsen JH, Stødkilde K, Jensen MP, Hansen AG, Wu Q, Lorentzen J, Graversen JH, Andersen GR, Fenton RA, Etzerodt A, Thiel S, Andersen CBF. Trypanosoma brucei Invariant Surface Glycoprotein 75 Is an Immunoglobulin Fc Receptor Inhibiting Complement Activation and Antibody-Mediated Cellular Phagocytosis. J Immunol 2024; 212:1334-1344. [PMID: 38391367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Various subspecies of the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei cause sleeping sickness, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of individuals and domestic animals. Immune evasion mechanisms play a pivotal role in parasite survival within the host and enable the parasite to establish a chronic infection. In particular, the rapid switching of variant surface glycoproteins covering a large proportion of the parasite's surface enables the parasite to avoid clearance by the adaptive immune system of the host. In this article, we present the crystal structure and discover an immune-evasive function of the extracellular region of the T. brucei invariant surface gp75 (ISG75). Structural analysis determined that the ISG75 ectodomain is organized as a globular head domain and a long slender coiled-coil domain. Subsequent ligand screening and binding analysis determined that the head domain of ISG75 confers interaction with the Fc region of all subclasses of human IgG. Importantly, the ISG75-IgG interaction strongly inhibits both activation of the classical complement pathway and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis by competing with C1q and host cell FcγR CD32. Our data reveal a novel immune evasion mechanism of T. brucei, with ISG75 able to inactivate the activities of Abs recognizing the parasite surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qi Wu
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josefine Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hatipoğlu E, Mikkelsen JH, Korsholm TL, Hvid M, Deleuran B, Dahl MLN. No evidence of increased anti-M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies in SSA-positive connective tissue disease patients. APMIS 2023; 131:552-555. [PMID: 37620885 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Anti-muscarinic type 3 receptor autoantibodies (M3R) and anti-SSA antibodies are both related to salivary secretion. The presence of M3R antibodies in Sjögren's syndrome is previously demonstrated; nevertheless, the relationship between the anti-SSA antibodies and M3R fragment antibodies, namely the N terminal, first, second, and third extracellular loops, remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the antibodies against the M3R epitopes in healthy controls and anti-SSA antibody-positive connective tissue disease patients through ELISA method. Antibodies against the first, second, and third extracellular loop (M3R211-230 ) were not increased in anti-SSA positive patients compared to healthy controls. Indeed, antibodies against the N terminal (M3R1-33 ) were found to be high in healthy controls. High levels of M3R1-33 in healthy controls are a novel original finding; further research is needed for the clinical significance. There is no significant difference between SSA-positive patients and healthy controls in terms of autoantibodies against the remainder of the linear M3R fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Hatipoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Trine-Line Korsholm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Louise Naestholt Dahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Dahl MLN, Mikkelsen JH, Hvid M, Korsholm TL, Nielsen KO, Andersen CBF, Greisen S, Deleuran B. Validation of an indirect ELISA assay for assessment of autoantibodies against full-length TRIM21 and its individual domains. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:309-317. [PMID: 37379227 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2221862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Anti-SSA-autoantibodies are common in patients with rheumatologic disease, especially Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. They consist of both autoantibodies towards Ro60 and Ro52, the latter also known as TRIM21. TRIM21 is an intracellular protein consisting of four domains; PRY/SPRY, Coiled-Coil, B-box and RING. The aim of this study was to establish an indirect ELISA detecting autoantibodies towards both the full-length TRIM21 protein and its four domains. We expressed the five constructs, created, and validated indirect ELISA protocols for each target using plasma from anti-SSA positive patients and healthy controls. Our findings were validated to the clinically used standards. We measured significantly higher levels of autoantibodies towards our full-length TRIM21, and the PRY/SPRY, Coiled-Coil and RING domains in patients compared to healthy controls. No significant difference in the level of autoantibodies were detected against the B-box domain. Our setups had a signal to noise ratio in the range of 30 to 184, and an OD between 2 and 3. Readings did not decline using NaCl of 500 mM as wash, affirming the high binding affinity of the autoantibodies measured. Our protocols allow us to further study the different autoantibodies of anti-SSA positive patients. This creates the possibility to stratify our patients into subgroups regarding autoantibody profile and specific pheno- or endotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Næstholt Dahl
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Malene Hvid
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine-Line Korsholm
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Stinne Greisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bryniarski MA, Zhao B, Chaves LD, Mikkelsen JH, Yee BM, Yacoub R, Shen S, Madsen M, Morris ME. Immunoglobulin G Is a Novel Substrate for the Endocytic Protein Megalin. AAPS J 2021; 23:40. [PMID: 33677748 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies comprise the largest class of protein therapeutics. Several factors that influence their overall disposition have been well-characterized, including target-mediated mechanics and convective flow. What remains poorly defined is the potential for non-targeted entry into various tissues or cell types by means of uptake via cell surface receptors at those sites. Megalin and cubilin are large endocytic receptors whose cooperative function plays important physiological roles at the tissues in which they are expressed. One such example is the kidney, where loss of either results in significant declines in proximal tubule protein reabsorption. Due to their diverse ligand profile and broad tissue expression, megalin and cubilin represent potential candidates for receptor-mediated uptake of IgG into various epithelia. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to determine if IgG was a novel ligand of megalin and/or cubilin. Direct binding was measured for human IgG with both megalin and the cubilin/amnionless complex. Additional work focusing on the megalin-IgG interaction was then conducted to build upon these findings. Cell uptake studies using megalin ligands for competitive inhibition or proximal tubule cells stably transduced with megalin-targeted shRNA constructs supported a role for megalin in the endocytosis of human IgG. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic study using transgenic mice with a kidney-specific mosaic knockout of megalin demonstrated increased urinary excretion of human IgG in megalin knockout mice when compared to wild-type controls. These findings indicate that megalin is capable of binding and internalizing IgG via a high affinity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bryniarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Lee D Chaves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Benjamin M Yee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Rabi Yacoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C., Denmark
| | - Marilyn E Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 445 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
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Smith YE, Toomey S, Napoletano S, Kirwan G, Schadow C, Chubb AJ, Mikkelsen JH, Oxvig C, Harmey JH. Recombinant PAPP-A resistant insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 (dBP4) inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in a murine model of breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1016. [PMID: 30348128 PMCID: PMC6196427 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway plays a role in tumour development and progression. In vivo, IGF1 activity is regulated by the IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP4 inhibits the activity of IGF1 but proteolytic cleavage by pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) releases active IGF1. A modified IGFBP4, dBP4, which was resistant to PAPP-A cleavage but retained IGF1 binding capacity, was engineered, expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells and purified. This study examined the effects of dBP4 on IGF1-induced cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. The effect of intra-tumour injections of dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis was examined using the 4T1.2luc orthotopic model of breast cancer. METHODS PAPP-A resistance and IGF binding capacity of dBP4 were characterized by Western blot and surface plasmon resonance, respectively. 4T1.2luc are mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells transfected with luciferase to allow in vivo imaging. The effect of dBP4 on IGF1-induced Akt activation in 4T1.2luc cells was assessed by Western blot. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed using 4T1.2luc cells. Angiokit™ assays and Matrigel® implants were used to assess the effects of dBP4 on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. An orthotopic breast cancer model - 4T1.2luc cells implanted in the mammary fat pad of BALB/c mice - was used to assess the effect of intra tumour injection of purified dBP4 on tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Tumour growth and lung metastasis were examined by in vivo imaging and tumour angiogenesis was evaluated by CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our engineered, PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4 (dBP4) retained IGF1 binding capacity and inhibited IGF1 activation of Akt as well as IGF1-induced migration and invasion by 4T1.2 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. dBP4 inhibited IGF1-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in Matrigel implants in vivo. Direct intra-tumour injection of soluble dBP4 reduced angiogenesis in 4T1.2 luc mammary tumours tumour and reduced lung metastasis. CONCLUSION A PAPP-A resistant IGFBP4, dBP4, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis in 4T1.2 mammary fat pad tumours. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of dBP4 as an approach to block the tumour-promoting actions of IGF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y E Smith
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Toomey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - S Napoletano
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - G Kirwan
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - C Schadow
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A J Chubb
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J H Mikkelsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - C Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J H Harmey
- Angiogenesis and Metastasis Research, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Agnholt J, Mikkelsen JH, i Bud M, Møller-Petersen J, Rasmussen SN, Dyerberg J. Plasma prekallikrein as a prognostic indicator in chronic liver insufficiency. Scand J Gastroenterol 1990; 25:40-4. [PMID: 2154845 DOI: 10.3109/00365529008999207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic value of plasma prekallikrein activity, prothrombin time, and serum albumin with regard to survival in chronic liver insufficiency was evaluated in 21 consecutive patients. Twenty patients had liver cirrhosis, and one patient had malignant liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma). Eight patients died between 4 and 43 days after the time of blood sampling. These patients had a prekallikrein value less than 0.42. There were no overlapping prekallikrein values between patients who died and patients who survived (overlap index 0; p less than 0.001). Overlap index for prothrombin time was 0.35 (p less than 0.02), and for serum albumin 0.34 (p less than 0.02). In conclusion, plasma prekallikrein seems to indicate whether death is imminent in patients with liver insufficiency due to cirrhosis. Longitudinal studies of prekallikrein activity in different subgroups of patients with chronic and acute liver disease are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Agnholt
- Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark
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Thomsen PH, Mikkelsen JH. [Consumption of psychopharmaceuticals, antiepileptics and central stimulants in a department of child psychiatry. Preparations prescribed for children referred to the Psychiatric Children's Hospital in Risskov in 1983]. Ugeskr Laeger 1986; 148:1700-2. [PMID: 3750461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Mikkelsen JH, Lund PS, Morsing IM, Berntsen P. [Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract. Report from prisoners in the Copenhagen prisons during the period 1965-1969 and 1975-1979]. Ugeskr Laeger 1982; 144:1019-21. [PMID: 7101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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