1
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Kim I, Kang SM. Formation of Amphiphilic Zwitterionic Thin Poly(SBMA- co-TFEMA) Brushes on Solid Surfaces for Marine Antifouling Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38314692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Water molecules can bind to zwitterionic polymers, such as carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine, forming strong hydration layers along the polymer chains. Such hydration layers act as a barrier to impede the attachment of marine fouling organisms; therefore, zwitterionic polymer coatings have been of considerable interest as marine antifouling coatings. However, recent studies have shown that severe adsorption of marine sediments occurs on zwitterionic-polymer-coated surfaces, resulting in the degradation of their marine antifouling performance. Therefore, a novel approach for forming amphiphilic zwitterionic polymers using zwitterionic and hydrophobic monomers is being investigated to simultaneously inhibit both sediment adsorption and marine fouling. In this study, amphiphilic zwitterionic thin polymer brushes composed of sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) were synthesized on Si/SiO2 surfaces via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. For this, a facile metal-ion-mediated method was developed for immobilizing polymerization initiators on solid substrates to subsequently form poly(SBMA-co-TFEMA) brushes on the initiator-coated substrate surface. Poly(SBMA-co-TFEMA) brushes with various SBMA/TFEMA ratios were prepared to determine the composition at which both marine diatom adhesion and sediment adsorption can be prevented effectively. The results indicate that poly(SBMA-co-TFEMA) brushes prepared with an SBMA/TFEMA ratio of 3:7 effectively inhibit both sediment adsorption and marine diatom adhesion, thereby exhibiting balanced marine antifouling properties. Thus, the findings of this study provide important insights into the design of amphiphilic marine antifouling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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2
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Zhou J, Duan Y, Wu J, Penkova A, Huang R, Qi W, Su R. Spray-Drying Hydrophobic Cellulose Nanocrystal Coatings with Degradable Biocide Release for Marine Antifouling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7212-7220. [PMID: 37172413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
With increasing awareness about the ecological environment, increased attention has been paid to the application of eco-friendly materials in the field of marine antifouling. In this work, a novel coating having good mechanical strength and static marine antifouling characteristics was fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the skeleton material, with in situ growth of SiO2 as the basic superhydrophobic material and introducing hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and 4-bromo2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (Econea) into the coating. Due to the high strength and rod structure of CNCs, the coating maintained super-hydrophobicity after 50 cycles of abrasion tests. Moreover, the addition of CTAB during the synthesis of SiO2 led to the hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate at the micellar interface. Econea was fully mixed with SiO2 nanoparticles, thus slowing down the rate of release of Econea. Meanwhile, the adhesion between the coating and the substrate reached 1.9 MPa, which can meet the application requirements for marine environments. The bioassay using bacteria (Escherichia coli) and diatoms (Nitzschia closterium) showed that the rate of inhibition of the coating on bacteria and diatoms could reach 99 and 90%, respectively, after immersion in artificial seawater for 28 days. This research provides a facile and promising fabricating solution of an eco-friendly CNC-based coating having strong antifouling characteristics suitable for marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanyi Duan
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiangjiexing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Anastasia Penkova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Renliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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3
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Li J, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Sui G. Preparation of 2D ZIF-L and Its Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:202. [PMID: 36616112 PMCID: PMC9824576 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The excessively leached metal ions from traditional metallic antimicrobial nanoparticles are harmful to biological and human tissues. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) coordinating bioactive metal ions to organic bridging ligands can potentially address this issue, avoiding the excessive leaching of metal ions and simultaneously exhibiting high effective antibacterial activities. Here, we report the preparation of a 2-dimensional leaves-like zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-L) for potential antibacterial and anti-algae applications. The ZIF-L nanosheet exhibits complete inactivation of Escherichia coli (phosphate buffer saline: 4 h) and Bacillus subtilis (seawater: 0.5 h). The ZIF-L/epoxy composite has excellent antibacterial effect, poisoning effect and anti-adhesion effect on a variety of marine algae. It is worth noting that the removal rate (Escherichia coli) for ZIF/epoxy composite can be reached to 90.20% by only adding ZIF-L (0.25 wt%). This work will inspire researchers to develop more metal-organic frameworks materials for applications in the antibacterial and anti-algae fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Li
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guoxin Sui
- Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
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4
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Manderfeld E, Thamaraiselvan C, Nunes Kleinberg M, Jusufagic L, Arnusch CJ, Rosenhahn A. Bacterial surface attachment and fouling assay on polymer and carbon surfaces using Rheinheimera sp. identified using bacteria community analysis of brackish water. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:940-951. [PMID: 36511186 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2153333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling on surfaces in contact with sea- or brackish water can severely impact the function of devices like reverse osmosis modules. Single species laboratory assays are frequently used to test new low fouling materials. The choice of bacterial strain is guided by the natural population present in the application of interest and decides on the predictive power of the results. In this work, the analysis of the bacterial community present in brackish water from Mashabei Sadeh, Israel was performed and Rheinheimera sp. was detected as a prominent microorganism. A Rheinheimera strain was selected to establish a short-term accumulation assay to probe initial bacterial attachment as well as biofilm growth to determine the biofilm-inhibiting properties of coatings. Both assays were applied to model coatings, and technically relevant polymers including laser-induced graphene. This strategy might be applied to other water sources to better predict the fouling propensity of new coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Manderfeld
- Analytical Chemistry- Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maurício Nunes Kleinberg
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Lejla Jusufagic
- Analytical Chemistry- Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher J Arnusch
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry- Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Benda J, Narikiyo H, Stafslien SJ, VanderWal LJ, Finlay JA, Aldred N, Clare AS, Webster DC. Studying the Effect of Pre-Polymer Composition and Incorporation of Surface-Modifying Amphiphilic Additives on the Fouling-Release Performance of Amphiphilic Siloxane-Polyurethane Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37229-37247. [PMID: 35939765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combining amphiphilic fouling-release (FR) coatings with the surface-active nature of amphiphilic additives can improve the antifouling/fouling-release (AF/FR) properties needed to offer broad-spectrum resistance to marine biofoulants. This work is focused on further tuning the amphiphilic character of a previously developed amphiphilic siloxane-polyurethane (SiPU) coating by varying the amount of PDMS and PEG in the base system. Furthermore, surface-modifying amphiphilic additives (SMAAs) were incorporated into these amphiphilic FR SiPU coatings in varying amounts. ATR-FTIR, contact angle and surface energy measurements, and AFM were performed to assess changes in surface composition, wettability, and morphology. AF/FR properties were evaluated using laboratory biological assays involving Cellulophaga lytica, Navicula incerta, Ulva linza, Amphibalanus amphitrite, and Geukensia demissa. The surfaces of these coatings varied significantly upon changes in PDMS and PEG content in the coating matrix, as well as with changes in SMAA incorporation. AF/FR properties were also significantly changed, with formulations containing the highest amounts of SMAA showing very high removal properties compared to other experimental formulations, in some cases better than that of commercial standard FR coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Benda
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Hayato Narikiyo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shane J Stafslien
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Lyndsi J VanderWal
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Nick Aldred
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Dean C Webster
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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6
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Materials Selection for Antifouling Systems in Marine Structures. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113408. [PMID: 35684344 PMCID: PMC9182286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted substances, such as proteins, organisms, and inorganic molecules, on marine infrastructure such as pylons, boats, or pipes due to exposure to their environment. As fouling accumulates, it can have many adverse effects, including increasing drag, reducing the maximum speed of a ship and increasing fuel consumption, weakening supports on oil rigs and reducing the functionality of many sensors. In this review, the history and recent progress of techniques and strategies that are employed to inhibit fouling are highlighted, including traditional biocide antifouling systems, biomimicry, micro-texture and natural components systems, superhydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic systems, hybrid systems and active cleaning systems. This review highlights important considerations, such as accounting for the effects that antifouling strategies have on the sensing mechanism employed by the sensors. Additionally, due to the specialised requirements of many sensors, often a bespoke and tailored solution is preferential to general coatings or paints. A description of how both fouling and antifouling techniques affect maritime sensors, specifically acoustic sensors, is given.
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7
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Chen Z. Surface Hydration and Antifouling Activity of Zwitterionic Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4483-4489. [PMID: 35380850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that the strong surface hydration of zwitterionic polymers leads to excellent antifouling properties. This Perspective presents the recent developments in studies on such surface hydration in situ using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. SFG research provides direct molecular level evidence that zwitterionic polymers have strong surface hydration, which prevents protein adsorption and marine animal attachment. The salt effect and protein interaction on surface hydration of zwitterionic polymers have also been examined using SFG. Possible future research directions on surface hydration of new zwitterionic polymers including zwitterionic hydrogels, copolymers, and mixed charged polymers are discussed. It is also important to combine experimental SFG studies with computer simulations to further elucidate the surface hydration to understand antifouling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Nagy B, Campana M, Khaydukov YN, Ederth T. Structure and pH-Induced Swelling of Polymer Films Prepared from Sequentially Grafted Polyelectrolytes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1725-1737. [PMID: 35081310 PMCID: PMC8830213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared a series of ampholytic polymer films, using a self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SI-PGP) method to sequentially polymerize first anionic (deuterated methacrylic acid (dMAA)) and thereafter cationic (2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA)) monomers to investigate the SI-PGP grafting process. Dry films were investigated by ellipsometry, X-ray, and neutron reflectometry, and their swelling was followed over a pH range from 4.5 to 10.5 with spectroscopic ellipsometry. The deuterated monomer allows us to separate the distributions of the two components by neutron reflectometry. Growth of both polymers proceeds via grafting of solution-polymerized fragments to the surface, and also the second layer is primarily grafted to the substrate and not as a continuation of the existing chains. The polymer films are stratified, with one layer of near 1:1 composition and the other layer enriched in one component and located either above or below the former layer. The ellipsometry results show swelling transitions at low and high pH but with no systematic variation in the pH values where these transitions occur. The results suggest that grafting density in SI-PGP-prepared homopolymers could be increased via repeated polymerization steps, but that this process does not necessarily increase the average chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Nagy
- Division
of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry
and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mario Campana
- ISIS
Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory,
STFC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11
0QX, U.K.
| | - Yury N. Khaydukov
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max
Planck Society Outstation at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Ederth
- Division
of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry
and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Schardt L, Martínez Guajardo A, Koc J, Clarke JL, Finlay JA, Clare AS, Gardner H, Swain GW, Hunsucker K, Laschewsky A, Rosenhahn A. Low Fouling Polysulfobetaines with Variable Hydrophobic Content. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100589. [PMID: 34734670 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer coatings combining hydrophilic elements, in particular zwitterionic groups, and hydrophobic elements comprise a promising strategy to decrease biofouling. However, the influence of the content of the hydrophobic component in zwitterionic coatings on the interfacial molecular reorganization dynamics and the anti-fouling performance is not well understood. Therefore, coatings of amphiphilic copolymers of sulfobetaine methacrylate 3-[N-2'-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]-ammonio propane-1-sulfonate (SPE) are prepared which contain increasing amounts of hydrophobic n-butyl methacrylate (BMA). Their fouling resistance is compared to that of their homopolymers PSPE and PBMA. The photo-crosslinked coatings form hydrogel films with a hydrophilic surface. Fouling by the proteins fibrinogen and lysozyme as well as by the diatom Navicula perminuta and the green algae Ulva linza is assessed in laboratory assays. While biofouling is strongly reduced by all zwitterionic coatings, the best fouling resistance is obtained for the amphiphilic copolymers. Also in preliminary field tests, the anti-fouling performance of the amphiphilic copolymer films is superior to that of both homopolymers. When the coatings are exposed to a marine environment, the reduced susceptibility to silt incorporation, in particular compared to the most hydrophilic polyzwitterion PSPE, likely contributes to the improved fouling resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schardt
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Harrison Gardner
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Kelli Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Ma Y, Hadjesfandiari N, Doschak M, Devine D, Tonelli M, Unsworth L. Peptide-Modified Surfaces for Binding Carbamylated Proteins from Plasma. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12335-12345. [PMID: 34644097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbamylation of blood proteins is a common post-translational modification that occurs upon kidney dysfunction that is strongly associated with deleterious outcomes for patients treated using hemodialysis. In this study, we focused on the removal of two representative carbamylated plasma proteins, carbamylated albumin (cHSA) and fibrinogen (cFgn), through adsorption onto a surface functionalized with a specific peptide (cH2p1). Surfaces modified with poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p(HEMA)) were prepared using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) techniques and functionalized with cH2p1. cH2p1-functionalized surfaces showed selective binding toward cHSA and cFgn, compared to their native protein form, with NH-cH2p1 of superior selectivity than CO-cH2p1. The adsorption capacity of carbamylated protein on NH-cH2p1 was maintained in diluted plasma, and ultralow adsorption of native Fgn was observed. Similar to unmodified p(HEMA) surfaces, NH-cH2p1 showed a low platelet adhesion and activation, suggesting that the designed surface does not adversely affect platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Narges Hadjesfandiari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
- The Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Michael Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Dana Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4
- The Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Larry Unsworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2R3
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2R3
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