1
|
Cho EH, Choi BA, Seo Y. Development of Field Tests for Cardiovascular Fitness Assessment in Wheelchair. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:580. [PMID: 38470691 PMCID: PMC10931048 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
It is essential to consider both physique and physical fitness factors to minimize the risk of injuries and optimize athletic performance among elite athletes. Athletes with disabilities face limitations in fitness assessments compared to their healthy counterparts. The aim of this study was to revalidate established cardiovascular fitness assessment methods and develop field tests for wheelchair athletes. As representatives registered at the Korea Paralympic Committee's Athletes Training Center in Icheon, athletes with physical disabilities participating in para ice hockey (n = 14), who were capable of wheelchair control, were volunteered. Prior to cardiovascular fitness assessments using an ergometer and a shuttle run, demographic characteristics were surveyed, and physical measurements and muscle strength (grip strength) were recorded. All the participants performed one ergometer test based on cardiovascular fitness criteria, and for shuttle run validation, two trials were conducted using existing audio cues (National Physical Fitness 100, 20 m shuttle run). For the development of the shuttle run, considering wheelchair turning, signal-to-sound intervals were increased by 1 s and 1.5 s, respectively, in two trials. An analysis of the correlation with the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in comparison to the reference criterion, an ergometer, demonstrated high correlations in the first trial (r = 0.738) and the second trial (r = 0.780). Similarly, significant correlations were observed with the maximum heart rate (HRmax) in the first trial (r = 0.689) and the second trial (r = 0.896). Thus, the 15 m shuttle run is validated as a field test for assessing cardiovascular fitness in athletes with disabilities. Correlation analysis with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) compared to the reference criterion, an ergometer, revealed a correlation of 0.815 with a 1 s interval audio cue and 0.355 with a 1.5 s interval audio cue. A high correlation was observed with the 1 s interval audio cue. Regarding the maximum heart rate (HRmax), the correlations were 0.665 with a 1 s interval audio cue. Once again, a high correlation was noted with the 1 s interval audio cue. The field test selected for measuring cardiovascular fitness in wheelchair athletes involved performing a 15 m shuttle run while in the wheelchair. The test utilized an audio cue with a 1 s increased interval between the signal sounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyung Cho
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bong-Arm Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Daegu University, Daegu 38453, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongsuk Seo
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim YM, Kim K, Le THM. Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures with Enhanced Water Resistance for Flood-Prone Regions Using Recycled LDPE and Carnauba-Soybean Oil Additive. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:600. [PMID: 38475283 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the sustainable optimization of asphalt mixtures tailored for regions prone to flooding. The research addresses the challenges associated with water damage to asphalt pavements by incorporating innovative additives. The study centers on incorporating recycled Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and a tailored Carnauba-Soybean Oil Additive, advancing asphalt mixtures with a Control mix, LDPE (5%) + Control, and LDPE (5%) + 3% Oil + Control. A critical aspect of the research involves subjecting these mixtures to 30 wetting and drying cycles, simulating the conditions prevalent in tropical flood-prone areas. The incorporation of innovative additives in asphalt mixtures has demonstrated significant improvements across various performance parameters. Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) tests revealed enhanced tensile strength, with the LDPE (5%) + 3% Oil-modified mixture exhibiting an impressive TSR of 85.7%. Dynamic Modulus tests highlighted improved rutting resistance, showcasing a remarkable increase to 214 MPa in the LDPE (5%) with a 3% Oil-modified mixture. The Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) test demonstrated increased fracture resistance and energy absorption, particularly in the LDPE (5%) with 3% Oil-modified mixture. Hamburg Wheel-Tracking (HWT) tests indicated enhanced moisture resistance and superior rutting resistance at 20,000 cycles for the same mixture. Cantabro tests underscored improved aggregate shatter resistance, with the LDPE (5%) + 3% Oil-modified mixture exhibiting the lowest weight loss rate at 9.820%. Field tests provided real-world insights, with the LDPE (5%) + 3% Oil mixture displaying superior stability, a 61% reduction in deflection, and a 256% improvement in surface modulus over the control mixture. This research lays the groundwork for advancing the development of sustainable, high-performance road pavement materials, marking a significant stride towards resilient infrastructure in flood-prone areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Min Kim
- Department of Highway & Transportation Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, 283 Goyangdae-Ro, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungnam Kim
- Korea Expressway Corporation Research Institute, Pavement Research Division, Dong-tansunhwan-daero 17-gil, Hwaseong-Si 18489, Republic of Korea
| | - Tri Ho Minh Le
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iturricastillo A, Sanchez-Grau J, Carmona G, García-Fresneda A, Yanci J. Initial Maximum Push-Rim Propulsion and Sprint Performance in Elite Men's Wheelchair Basketball. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:127-132. [PMID: 37995676 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to report the reliability (intrasession) values of initial maximum push-rim propulsion (IMPRP) and sprint performance in elite wheelchair basketball (WB) players and to assess the involvement of strength in sprint capacity. METHODS Fifteen Spanish international WB male players participated in this study. The maximum single wheelchair push from a stationary position (IMPRP) and the sprint performance (ie, 3, 5, and 12 m) of WB players were measured in this study. RESULTS IMPRP mechanical outputs V, Vmax, P, Rel. P, F, and Rel. F variables presented high reliability values (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ≥ .92; coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 8.04 ± 7.37; standard error of measurement [SEM] ≤ 29.92), but the maximum strength variables Pmax, Rel. Pmax, Fmax, and Rel. Fmax (ICC ≥ .63; CV ≤ 13.19 ± 16.63; SEM ≤ 203.76) showed lower ICC values and by contrast higher CV and SEM values. The most substantial correlations were identified between maximum IMPRP values (ie, V, Vmax, P, Rel. P, F, and Rel. F) and sprint performance in 3 m (r ± confidence limits ≥ -0.74 ± 0.22, very large; R2 ≥ .55), 5 m (r ± confidence limits ≥ -0.72 ± 0.24, very large; R2 ≥ .51), and 12 m (r ± confidence limits ≥ -0.67 ± 0.27, large; R2 ≥ .44). CONCLUSIONS The IMPRP test and sprint tests (3, 5, and 12 m) are practical and reliable for measuring strength and speed in WB players. In addition, there were large to very large associations among strength variables (ie, P, Rel. P, F, and Rel. F) and all sprint variables. This could indicate a need to implement specific strength exercises in WB players to improve sprint capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Iturricastillo
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jordi Sanchez-Grau
- Research Group in Tecnologia Aplicada a l'Alt Rendiment i la Salut (TAARS), Tecnocampus, Department of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
| | - Gerard Carmona
- Research Group in Tecnologia Aplicada a l'Alt Rendiment i la Salut (TAARS), Tecnocampus, Department of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Fresneda
- Research Group in Tecnologia Aplicada a l'Alt Rendiment i la Salut (TAARS), Tecnocampus, Department of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
| | - Javier Yanci
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oosthuizen C, Kramer M. In-Season Resisted-Jump Training Enables Power, Agility, and Jump-Ability Maintenance in University-Level Male Rugby Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:1062-1071. [PMID: 37558219 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects and transferability of a resisted-jump training program on strength, speed, power, and agility maintenance during the in-season phase of rugby training. METHODS Thirty high-level male rugby players (age: 21.78 [1.86] y; height: 1.83 [0.10] m; mass: 95.17 [10.45] kg) participated in a crossover, within-subject study design. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment groups (resistance band [VertiMax, VM] or control [Con]) and evaluated on jumping, sprinting, agility, and strength over a 4-week period. A 10-week wash-out period was initiated, followed by a crossover that incorporated randomization of the treatment sequence (ie, receiving VM during the first or second phase of the testing period). Within- and between-groups differences for each variable of interest were evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS No significant treatment (VM vs Con) or time (pre vs postintervention) effects were evident across all variables (all P > .197), although the order or treatment allocation may play a role for strength (P = .037) and jumping (P = .003). Power, agility, and countermovement-jump height were statistically equivalent for the intervention period. Following the VM treatment, changes in strength seem to transfer favorably to changes in agility (r = -.54, P < .05) but no other variables, and no significant associations were evident for the Con treatment. CONCLUSION Regardless of treatment, power, agility, and jump height were conserved throughout the treatment period. Although changes in mean sprint and strength were not significantly different from zero, it was not possible to conclude whether performance decrements could be eliminated.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chirosa-Ríos LJ, Chirosa-Ríos IJ, Martínez-Marín I, Román-Montoya Y, Vera-Vera JF. The Role of the Specific Strength Test in Handball Performance: Exploring Differences across Competitive Levels and Age Groups. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23115178. [PMID: 37299904 DOI: 10.3390/s23115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if specific physical tests are sufficiently discriminant to differentiate players of similar anthropometric characteristics, but of different playing levels. Physical tests were conducted analyzing specific strength, throwing velocity, and running speed tests. Thirty-six male junior handball players (n = 36; age 19.7 ± 1.8 years; 185.6 ± 6.9 cm; 83.1 ± 10.3 kg; 10.6 ± 3.2 years of experience) from two different levels of competition participated in the study: NT = 18 were world top-level elite players, belonging to the Spanish junior men's national team (National Team = NT) and A = 18 players of the same age and anthropometric conditions, who were selected from Spanish third league men's teams (Amateur = A). The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two groups in all physical tests, except for two-step-test velocity and shoulder internal rotation. We conclude that a battery combining the Specific Performance Test and the Force Development Standing Test is useful in identifying talent and differentiating between elite and sub-elite players. The current findings suggest that running speed tests and throwing tests are essential in selecting players, regardless of age, sex, or type of competition. The results shed light on the factors that differentiate players of different levels and can help coaches in selecting players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Chirosa-Ríos
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio J Chirosa-Ríos
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez-Marín
- Sports Science Department, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Leon, 24004 Leon, Spain
| | - Yolanda Román-Montoya
- Statistics and Operational Research Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - José Fernando Vera-Vera
- Statistics and Operational Research Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Corda J, E Holland A, Berry CD, Westrupp N, Cox NS. Validation of the 25 level modified shuttle test in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023. [PMID: 37144876 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the validity and reliability of the modified shuttle 25-level test (MST-25) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS A prospective single center study in clinically stable children with CF. Participants undertook two testing conditions on different days: (1) 2xMST-25 tests; (2) cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Test order was randomized. Nadir oxygen saturation (SpO2 ), peak heart rate (HR), breathlessness (modified Borg), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), energy expenditure (EE) and metabolic equivalents (MET) from the MST-25 and CPET were compared to assess validity, while outcomes from 2xMST-25 tests were compared for reliability. CPET was performed using breath-by-breath analysis and EE from the MST-25 obtained using the SenseWear Armband. RESULTS Strong correlations were found between MST-25 distance and peak oxygen uptake, peak work and minute ventilation on CPET (all r > 0.7, p < 0.01). Moderate correlations were found between MST-25 distance and CPET for METs (r = 0.5) and HR (r = 0.6). Weak associations between tests were evident for nadir SpO2 (r = 0.1), modified Borg (rs = 0.2) and RPE (rs = 0.2). Test-retest reliability was excellent for MST-25 distance (ICC 0.91), peak EE (ICC 0.99) and peak METs (ICC 0.90). Good reliability was achieved for HR (ICC 0.84) and modified Borg score (ICC 0.77), while moderate reliability for nadir SpO2 (ICC 0.64) and RPE (ICC 0.68) was observed. CONCLUSION The MST-25 is a valid and reliable field test for the assessment of exercise capacity in children with CF. The MST-25 can be used to accurately monitor exercise capacity and prescribe exercise training, particularly when CPET is not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Corda
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne E Holland
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassidy Du Berry
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicole Westrupp
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Narelle S Cox
- Respiratory Research@Alfred, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Voit K, Zeman O, Gappmaier P, Wriessnig K, Adamcova R. Influence of Measurement Uncertainty in the Determination of Selected Rock Parameters-A Realistic Approach. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3045. [PMID: 37109880 PMCID: PMC10140889 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To determine and compare the measurement uncertainty of different geological-geotechnical testing methods, numerous test locations were selected in a hard rock quarry. Measurements were carried out along two vertical measurement lines perpendicular to the mining levels of an existing exploration. Along these lines, the rock quality basically varies due to weathering (decreasing influence with increasing distance from the original ground surface), but also due to the influence of the geological-tectonic conditions on site. The mining conditions (blasting) are identical over the considered area. The rock quality was examined as follows: as field tests, the rock compressive strength was determined by means of point load test and rebound hammer, as laboratory method the Los Angeles test (standard laboratory test for the determination of the mechanical rock quality) was used to identify the impact abrasion resistance. The statistical evaluation and comparison of the results allowed conclusions to be drawn about the contribution of the individual test methods to the measurement uncertainty whereas, in practice, a priori information can be applied complementarily. It shows that the influence on the combined measurement uncertainty u of the different methods due to the geological variability in horizontal direction reaches values between 17 and 32%, whereby the rebound hammer method shows the highest values. However, the highest influences on the measurement uncertainties are a result of the vertical direction due to weathering phenomena with percentages of 55 to 70%. For the point load test, the vertical direction shows the highest significance with an influence of approximately 70%. This leads to the conclusion that a higher weathering degree of the rock mass shows an increasing effect on the measurement uncertainty which needs to be considered using a priori information in measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Voit
- Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Zeman
- Institute of Structural Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Gappmaier
- Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Wriessnig
- Institute of Applied Geology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Adamcova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pecho J, Kováčiková Z, Šiška Ľ, Mikulič M, Čurgali M, Štefan L, Zemková E. The Three-Level Model of Factors Contributing to High-Intensity Intermittent Performance in Male Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16402. [PMID: 36554282 PMCID: PMC9778677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity intermittent performance in soccer is widely assessed using the yo-yo intermittent recovery level 2 test (YYIR2). This test is usually associated with aerobic-anaerobic performance. However, less is known about the direct or indirect contributions of abilities, including the anaerobic component. This study aims to propose a three-level model of factors contributing to YYIR2 performance, based on the investigation of relationships with aerobic endurance, repeated-sprint ability (RSA), and the linear and change-of-direction speed and power variables. Eighteen soccer players performed the YYIR2, with a 20-m shuttle run test (20mSR), an RSA test with change-of-direction, 5-m and 20-m sprints, and a 505 test, countermovement jump, squat jump, and drop jump. The results showed a significant relationship between the YYIR2 distance and the 20mSR distance (r = 0.721, p = 0.001), as well as with the RSA test mean time (r = -0.594, p = 0.009). In the second level, the 20mSR distance performance was not associated with any of the speed and power variables. However, the RSA test mean time correlated with the 5-m sprint (r = 0.587, p = 0.010), 20-m sprint (r = 0.702, p = 0.001), and 505 test (r = 0.585 p = 0.011) performance. In the third level, the 20-m sprint time was related to the squat jump (r = -0.577 p = 0.012) and countermovement jump (r = -0.768 p < 0.001) heights. In addition to aerobic endurance, this study highlights the importance of the anaerobic component in YYIR2 performance. More specifically, aerobic endurance (52%) and RSA (36%) are the main determinants of YYIR2 performance. Subsequently, the RSA performance is determined by the linear (34-49%) and change-of-direction speed (35%), while the explosive power of lower limbs contributes to sprinting performance (33-59%). Coaches should focus on the development of these abilities to improve the high-intensity intermittent performance of soccer players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Pecho
- JP Sports—Athletes Performance Assessment, 810 00 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kováčiková
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboslav Šiška
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Catholic University, 034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Martin Mikulič
- Department of Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marcel Čurgali
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinathropology, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coelho CS, Silva ASBA, Santos CMR, Santos AMR, Vintem CMBL, Leite AG, Fonseca JMC, Prazeres JMCS, Souza VRC, Siqueira RF, Manso Filho HC, Simões JSA. Training Effects on the Stress Predictors for Young Lusitano Horses Used in Dressage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233436. [PMID: 36496958 PMCID: PMC9738668 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate stressful responses during a 6-week training protocol in young Lusitano horses used for dressage. The hypothesis was that the proposed training protocol would improve fitness and ensure the welfare of the animals by reducing stress predictors. Nine 4-year-old horses were evaluated before (M1) and six weeks after (M2) beginning a training protocol. The training program was performed six times per week and included 40−80 min of individually intensity-adjusted preparatory exercises for dressage. For both moments, the horses were examined before (T0) and after (T1) dressage simulation tests (DST), and at 30 (T2) and 240 min (T3) during the recovery period. Blood samples were taken to determine the horses’ cortisol levels, total WBC, and neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. All variables were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, with p ≤ 0.05. After training, there was a significant reduction in cortisol (p = 0.0133), HR (p = 0.0283), total WBC (p < 0.0001), and neutrophil (p < 0.0001) and lymphocyte (p = 0.0341) counts. Other findings included an increase in HRV parameters related to a cardiac vagal modulation. In conclusion, the chosen training protocol led to better fitness as the horses worked more intensively with lower cardiovascular requirements, and they showed blunted cortisol responses at M2. Such data can be used to evaluate performance, but also to predict the welfare of athletic horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse S. Coelho
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-935125059
| | - Ana Sofia B. A. Silva
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina M. R. Santos
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida R. Santos
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina M. B. L. Vintem
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anderson G. Leite
- Center for Studies, Extension and Research in Equidae, Universidade Federal da Bahia (NEEPEq-UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joana M. C. Fonseca
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M. C. S. Prazeres
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vinicius R. C. Souza
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renata F. Siqueira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Helio C. Manso Filho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 51171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Joana S. A. Simões
- Equine Academic Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rocha V, Cabral J, Souto-Miranda S, Machado AF, Jácome C, Cruz J, Martins V, Simão P, Mendes MA, Afreixo V, Marques A. Monthly Follow-Ups of Functional Status in People with COPD: A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113052. [PMID: 35683440 PMCID: PMC9181503 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is an important and meaningful outcome in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although its measurement is not embedded in routine clinical assessments. This study described the functional status of people with COPD using the 1-min sit-to-stand test (1minSTS) over a 6-month period and the examined sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with this outcome. Data from a prospective study including people with COPD were analyzed. Functional status was assessed monthly with the 1minSTS over 6 months. Linear-mixed effect models assessed the 1minSTS number of repetitions mean change. One-hundred and eight participants (82.4% men; 66.9 ± 9.5 years) were included. A significantly lower number of repetitions in the 1minSTS over the 6-month period was associated with being female (estimate: −4.69, 95%CI: −8.20; −1.18), being older (estimate: −0.56, 95%CI: −0.77; −0.34), having higher BMI (estimate: −0.55, 95%CI: −0.81; −0.28) and having higher activity-related dyspnea (estimate: −2.04, 95%CI: −3.25; −0.83). Half of the participants showed improvements above three repetitions in the 1minSTS over the 6-month period, independently of their baseline impairment (1minSTS < 70% predicted: 52.5%; ≥70% predicted: 54.4%). To conclude, monthly follow-up assessments were associated with clinically relevant benefits in the functional status of people with COPD. Age, body composition, and activity-related dyspnea were the main predictors of functional status over time. Further research is needed to corroborate our findings and to support the beneficial effects of regular COPD monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Rocha
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Cabral
- Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Souto-Miranda
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Machado
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina Jácome
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Cruz
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- ciTechCare-Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology, School of Health Sciences (ESSLei), Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Vitória Martins
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Distrital da Figueira da Foz, 3094-001 Figueira da Foz, Portugal
| | - Paula Simão
- Pulmonology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, 4450-021 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Aurora Mendes
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga (CHBV), 3810-096 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Afreixo
- Center for Research & Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA), Department of Mathematics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alda Marques
- Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R), School of Health Sciences (ESSUA), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Coelho CS, Sodre TDRP, Sousa LN, Siqueira RF, Manso Filho HC, Aragona F, Fazio F. How Much Energy Vaquejada Horses Spend in a Field Simulation Test? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123421. [PMID: 34944197 PMCID: PMC8698090 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaquejada is a high-intensity and short-duration exercise in which helper horses (HH) are responsible to keep a bull running in a line while pull horses (PH) work to put the bull down after 100 m of running. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare energy expenditures (EE), transport costs (COT) and metabolic energy requirements (Pmet) of horses used in Vaquejada. Thus, eight Quarter Horses, in randomly formed pairs, performed a vaquejada simulation test (VST), which consisted of three races on a sand track (130-150 m), with a 5-min interval between them. All horses used an integrated heart rate (HR) and GPS monitoring system (V800, Polar Electro) and, from these data, EE, COT and Pmet were calculated using the formulas: EE (J/kg/min) = 0.0566 × HR1.9955, COT = (HR-35)/kg/m × 103 and Pmet = (HR-35)/min/kg. Blood samples were collected for lactate analysis at rest, immediately after the first, second and third race and after 30 min of recovery. Data obtained were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). In VST, HH had higher EE and higher HR at trot; while PH presented higher EE and HR at canter. Finally, considering total VST, PH had higher EE and COT, while HH had higher Pmet. Lactate was higher in PH. Despite practicing the same sport, PH and HH should be considered distinct athletes, and these must be considered to set up appropriate physical and nutritional programs, which will lead to better performance and guarantees of well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse S. Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ticiane D. R. P. Sodre
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Brazil; (T.D.R.P.S.); (L.N.S.)
| | - Lara N. Sousa
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Brazil; (T.D.R.P.S.); (L.N.S.)
| | - Renata F. Siqueira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Helio C. Manso Filho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, Brazil;
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-0676-6516
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schardt L, Martínez Guajardo A, Koc J, Clarke JL, Finlay JA, Clare AS, Gardner H, Swain GW, Hunsucker K, Laschewsky A, Rosenhahn A. Low Fouling Polysulfobetaines with Variable Hydrophobic Content. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100589. [PMID: 34734670 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer coatings combining hydrophilic elements, in particular zwitterionic groups, and hydrophobic elements comprise a promising strategy to decrease biofouling. However, the influence of the content of the hydrophobic component in zwitterionic coatings on the interfacial molecular reorganization dynamics and the anti-fouling performance is not well understood. Therefore, coatings of amphiphilic copolymers of sulfobetaine methacrylate 3-[N-2'-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]-ammonio propane-1-sulfonate (SPE) are prepared which contain increasing amounts of hydrophobic n-butyl methacrylate (BMA). Their fouling resistance is compared to that of their homopolymers PSPE and PBMA. The photo-crosslinked coatings form hydrogel films with a hydrophilic surface. Fouling by the proteins fibrinogen and lysozyme as well as by the diatom Navicula perminuta and the green algae Ulva linza is assessed in laboratory assays. While biofouling is strongly reduced by all zwitterionic coatings, the best fouling resistance is obtained for the amphiphilic copolymers. Also in preliminary field tests, the anti-fouling performance of the amphiphilic copolymer films is superior to that of both homopolymers. When the coatings are exposed to a marine environment, the reduced susceptibility to silt incorporation, in particular compared to the most hydrophilic polyzwitterion PSPE, likely contributes to the improved fouling resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schardt
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Julian Koc
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Harrison Gardner
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Swain
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Kelli Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - André Laschewsky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Axel Rosenhahn
- Analytical Chemistry - Biointerfaces, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hassan B, Mankowski ME, Kirker GT. Evaluation of Heartwood Extracts Combined with Linseed Oil as Wood Preservatives in Field Tests in Southern Mississippi, USA. Insects 2021; 12:insects12090803. [PMID: 34564242 PMCID: PMC8467827 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heartwood extracts of naturally durable wood species are often evaluated as alternatives to chemical wood preservatives, but field data from long-term performance testing are lacking. The current study evaluated the long-term (five-year) performance of two non-durable wood species treated with heartwood extracts of either Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Cedrus deodara, or Pinus roxburghii alone or combined with linseed oil. Stakes (45.7 × 1.9 × 1.9 cm) and blocks (12.5 × 3.75 × 2.5 cm) cut from the sapwood of cottonwood and southern pine were vacuum-pressure impregnated with the individual heartwood species extract, linseed oil, or a mixture of each individual wood extract and linseed oil. For comparison, solid heartwood stakes and blocks of the wood species used to obtain extracts were also included in the tests. All samples were exposed for five years to decay and termites at a test site in southern Mississippi using ground contact (AWPA E7) and ground proximity (AWPA E26) tests. Results showed that extract-oil mixtures imparted higher termite and decay resistance in cottonwood and southern pine than linseed oil only or the individual heartwood species extract in both tests. However, these treatments were as not effective as to commercially used wood preservatives, copper naphthenate (CuN) or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) in either test. Moreover, solid heartwood P. roxburghii stakes were completely decayed and attacked by termites after five years in the ground contact test. In contrast, C. deodara stakes were slightly attacked by termites and moderately attacked by decay fungi. However, T. grandis and D. sissoo stakes showed slight to superficial attack by termites and decay fungi in ground contact test. In contrast, T. grandis and D. sissoo blocks showed slight decay fungi attack in above-ground tests. However, termites did not attack T. grandis, D. sissoo, and C. deodara blocks. However, decay fungi moderately attacked C. deodara blocks, and P. roxburghii blocks were severely attacked by decay fungi and termites in the above-ground test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babar Hassan
- National Center for Timber Durability and Design Life, University of Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-9284-4914
| | - Mark E. Mankowski
- USDA-FS, Forest Products Laboratory, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759, USA;
| | - Grant T. Kirker
- USDA-FS, Forest Products Laboratory, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guthrie B, Fields JB, Thompson B, Jones MT. Physical Performance Assessments of Strength and Power in Women Collegiate Athletes. Int J Exerc Sci 2021; 14:984-993. [PMID: 34567381 PMCID: PMC8439680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Limited research exists on physical performance assessments for women collegiate athletes. The current cross-sectional study compared field-based tests of muscular strength and power and investigated their relationship. Sports included field hockey, volleyball, soccer, and softball. Tests of one repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat, 1-RM bench press, vertical jump, and standing long jump were administered. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed differences across sports. Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficients examined relationships among tests. It was hypothesized sports with a higher anaerobic nature (volleyball, softball) would outperform those with higher aerobic nature (field hockey, soccer). Softball had the highest 1-RM bench press and 1-RM back squat (p < 0.001) compared to field hockey, volleyball, and soccer. Further, softball had the highest vertical jump (p < 0.001) compared to field hockey and soccer, but did not differ from volleyball. There were no differences across sports for standing long jump. Correlations (p < 0.001) existed between 1-RM back squat and 1-RM bench press (n = 663, r = 0.56), and vertical jump and standing long jump (n = 160, r = 0.64). Results demonstrate strength and power differences among collegiate women's sports. Softball consistently outperformed others in bench press, back squat, and vertical jump, which may be due to the demand of power embedded in the nature of the sport. These data provide descriptive measures of physical performance assessments and may assist practitioners with goal setting and program design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Guthrie
- Kinesiology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Fields
- Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Brian Thompson
- Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Margaret T Jones
- Kinesiology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Patriot Performance Laboratory, Frank Pettrone Center for Sports Performance, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leite LR, Queiroz KCV, da Silva FH, Coelho CC, Donadio MVF, Aquino EDS. Clinical use of the modified shuttle test in children with cystic fibrosis: Is one test sufficient? Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1550-1557. [PMID: 33650810 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the reproducibility of the modified shuttle test (MST) and to determine whether the test needs to be performed more than once to assess the exercise capacity of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS This was a longitudinal study including patients diagnosed with CF aged more than 6 years. The participants were followed for a period of 9 months and were evaluated at three different time points (visits 1, 2, and 3). Spirometric, anthropometric, clinical, and genetic data were collected, and two MSTs were performed at each visit. RESULTS Forty-eight clinically stable volunteers with a mean age of 10.1 ± 2.7 years were initially included. The reproducibility of the test was evaluated using the distance achieved (DA) as the main variable. There were no significant differences in the DA (visit 1, p = .23; visit 2, p = .24; visit 3, p = .85), baseline heart rate (HR) (visit 1, p = .35; visit 2, p = .20; visit 3, p = .98), and peak HR (visit 1, p = .16; visit 2, p = .94; visit 3, p = .23) between the tests performed at each visit. The test-retest reliability demonstrated a high intraclass correlation coefficient at all visits (visit 1, 2, and 3: 0.83, 0.90, and 0.80, respectively) and the variation in HR was the main factor associated with the DA in the MST over time. CONCLUSION The MST was found to be a reproducible and reliable test. The data presented here support the use of a single MST to evaluate and monitor exercise capacity of patients with CF during clinic visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luanna Rodrigues Leite
- João Paulo II Pediatric Hospital, Fundação Hospital of the State of Minas Gerais-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Betim Campus, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karen Caroline Vasconcelos Queiroz
- João Paulo II Pediatric Hospital, Fundação Hospital of the State of Minas Gerais-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Betim Campus, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Franciely Helena da Silva
- João Paulo II Pediatric Hospital, Fundação Hospital of the State of Minas Gerais-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Betim Campus, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cenachi Coelho
- João Paulo II Pediatric Hospital, Fundação Hospital of the State of Minas Gerais-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratory of Pediatric Physical Activity, Centro Infant, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Evanirso da Silva Aquino
- João Paulo II Pediatric Hospital, Fundação Hospital of the State of Minas Gerais-FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Betim Campus, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi J, Shu S, Chen M, Wu X, Dong F, Zhang K. Simulation of gas-leachate pressure in various tested landfills using the differential quadrature method. Waste Manag Res 2020; 38:1306-1313. [PMID: 32129159 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20908942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of solid waste in landfills results in the coupled migration of gas and leachate through the pore spaces in waste material. The existing analytical methods cannot be used to obtain a solution for the gas-leachate coupled migration problem. This study used the differential quadrature method to solve the gas and leachate phase continuity equations considering the effect of the gas-leachate coupling. The calculation results were verified based on the calculated data of previous studies. The results of the field gas collection tests and the laboratory degradation tests were fitted using the peak gas generation equation. The peak values of gas generation were found between 0.94 and 20.29 years in the field tests, and between 0.09 and 0.19 years in the laboratory tests. The gas pressure calculated by parameters fitting of the field tests and the laboratory tests were less than 1 kPa and greater than 8 kPa, respectively. Considering the gas-leachate coupling effect, the pore gas pressure in the simulated landfill increased by approximately 20%, and the peak pore gas pressure occurred slightly earlier than that without consideration of the coupling effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co. Ltd, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Kunyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mendes LPDS, Parreira VF, Spencer LM, Vieira DSR, Alison JA. Validity and Responsiveness of the Glittre-ADL Test without a Backpack in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2020; 17:392-400. [PMID: 32594774 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2020.1756236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Glittre-ADL test assesses the functional capacity for activities of daily living of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the test, a weighted backpack is worn (2.5 kg for women and 5.0 kg for men). The differential in weight between men and women is not common in other tests of exercise capacity and may limit the comparison of the test between sexes. The primary aim of this study was to validate the Glittre-ADL test performed without the backpack in people with COPD. Forty participants with mild to severe COPD (mean ± SD age: 70 ± 6 years; FEV1: 48 ± 20%predicted) were recruited and performed two six-minute walk tests (visit 1); two Glittre-ADL tests with backpack (visit 2), and the Glittre-ADL test with and without the backpack, in random order (visit 3). The Glittre-ADL test time was shorter without the backpack than with the backpack [mean difference -0.37 min (95%CI -0.59 to -0.15)] and heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were equivalents between tests [-1.31 beats/minute (-3.92 to 1.30) and -0.95% (-2.27 to 0.37), respectively]. The Glittre-ADL test without the backpack elicited similar HR and SpO2 responses as the test with the backpack, indicating equivalence of physiological demand. Thus, the Glittre-ADL test without the backpack was a valid, responsive, and appropriate test to assess functional capacity for activities of daily living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliane P de Souza Mendes
- Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Verônica Franco Parreira
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lissa M Spencer
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Jennifer Ailsey Alison
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Allied Health Professorial Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang W, Chen Y, Xia Y, Xu G, Zhang W, Wu H. A Fault-Tolerant Steering Prototype for X-Rudder Underwater Vehicles. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1816. [PMID: 32218145 DOI: 10.3390/s20071816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The X-rudder concept has been applied to more and more autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in recent years, since it shows better maneuverability and robustness against rudder failure compared to the traditional cruciform rudder. Aiming at the fault-tolerant control of the X-rudder AUV (hereinafter abbreviated as xAUV), a fault-tolerant steering prototype system which can realize dynamics control, autonomous rudder fault detection and fault-tolerant control is presented in this paper. The steering prototype system is deployed on a verification platform, an xAUV, in which the monitor software is developed based on the factory method and the onboard software is developed based on the finite state machine (FSM). Dual-loop increment feedback control (DIFC) is first introduced to obtain smooth virtual rudder commands considering actuator's limitations. Then the virtual rudder commands are transformed into X-rudder commands based on the mapping theory. In rudder fault diagnosis, an optimized particle filter is proposed for estimating rudder effect deduction, with proposal distribution derived from unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Then the fault type can be determined by analyzing indicators related to the deduction. Fault-tolerant control is addressed by dealing with nonlinear programming (NLP) problem, where minimization of allocation errors and control efforts are set as the optimization objectives, and rudder failure, saturation and actuators limitations are considered as constraints. The fixed-point iteration method is utilized to solve this optimization problem. Many field tests have been conducted in towing tank. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed steering prototype system is able to detect rudder faults and is robust against rudder failure.
Collapse
|
19
|
Schiwe D, Heinzmann-Filho JP, Schindel CS, Gheller MF, Campos NE, Pitrez PM, Donadio MVF. Modified Shuttle Test Distance Correlates With Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children and Adolescents With Severe Therapy-Resistant Asthma. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1245. [PMID: 31632291 PMCID: PMC6779804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several tests may be used to assess exercise intolerance in severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA), including the gold standard cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and the modified shuttle test (MST). Objective To correlate the distance achieved in the MST with peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and to compare the maximal heart rate (HRmax) obtained in both tests in children and adolescents with STRA. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, with 19 children and adolescents with STRA. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical data, and spirometric values were collected. CPET and the MST were performed in two consecutive visits. HRmax, pulse oxygen saturation, and dyspnea were compared between tests. The distance achieved in the MST was correlated with VO2peak. Results Nineteen patients with a mean age of 11.5 ± 2.5 years were included. The mean HRmax (bpm) achieved was 180.8 ± 12.10 for the MST and 187.6 ± 9.35 for CPET, whereas the mean HRmax as a percentage of predicted (HRmax%) was 90.7 ± 6.5 for the MST and 93.8 ± 4.5 for CPET. A difference of only 6 bpm was found for HRmax (p = 0.10) and of 3% for HRmax% (p = 0.06) between tests. A strong correlation was found between the MST (r = 0.79; p = 0.001) and VO2peak measured through CPET. However, there were no correlations between the MST and both body mass index (r = -0.14; p = 0.564) and forced expiratory volume in the first second - FEV1 (r = -0.02; p = 0.917). Conclusion The results demonstrate that the MST distance strongly correlates with VO2peak, measured through CPET, and the main physiological variable responses were similar between both tests. Our results provide additional data for the use of the MST to assess exercise capacity in children and adolescents with STRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Schiwe
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Silva Schindel
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mailise Fátima Gheller
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Evangelista Campos
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) e Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vinícius Fagundes Donadio
- Laboratório de Atividade Física em Pediatria, Centro Infant, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Iturricastillo A, Granados C, Reina R, Sarabia JM, Romarate A, Yanci J. Velocity and Power-Load Association of Bench Press Exercise in Wheelchair Basketball Players and Their Relationships With Field-Test Performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:880-6. [PMID: 30569792 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzes the relationship between mean propulsive velocity (MPV) of the bar and relative load (%1RM) in the bench press exercise, as well as determining the relationship of power variables (i.e. Mean Power (MP), Mean Propulsive Power (MPP) and Peak Power (PP)) in change of direction ability (CODA), linear sprint and RSA performance. METHODS Nine Spanish First Division wheelchair basketball (WB) players participated in the study. All participants performed an isoinertial bench press (BP) test in free execution mode, 505 change of direction ability test (505 CODA), linear sprint test (20 m), and Repeated Sprint Ability Test (RSA). RESULTS A nearly perfect and inverse relationship was observed for the BP exercise between the %1RM and MPV (r = -.97; R2 = .945; P < 0.001). The maximum loads for MP, MPP and PP were obtained between 48.1 - 59.4% of the 1RM. However, no significant correlations were observed between strength and wheelchair performance. CONCLUSIONS WB players with different functional impairments showed a nearly perfect and inverse relationship for the BP exercise between the %1RM and MPV, thus the MPV could be used to estimate the %1RM. This finding has important practical applications for velocity-based resistance training in which coaches would be able to prescribe and monitor training load. Conversely, the absence of association between BP performance and field tests might be due to other factors such as wheelchair-user interface, trunk muscular activity or propulsion technique apart from strength variables.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jull J, Hizaka A, Sheppard AJ, Kewayosh A, Doering P, MacLeod L, Joudain G, Plourde J, Dorschner D, Rand M, Habash M, Graham ID. An integrated knowledge translation approach to develop a shared decision-making strategy for use by Inuit in cancer care: a qualitative study. Curr Oncol 2019; 26:192-204. [PMID: 31285666 PMCID: PMC6588049 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In relation to the general Canadian population, Inuit face increased cancer risks and barriers to health services use. In shared decision-making (sdm), health care providers and patients make health care decisions together. Enhanced participation in cancer care decisions is a need for Inuit. Integrated knowledge translation (kt) supports the development of research evidence that is likely to be patient-centred and applied in practice. Objective Using an integrated kt approach, we set out to promote the use of sdm by Inuit in cancer care. Methods An integrated kt study involving researchers with a Steering Committee of cancer care system partners who support Inuit in cancer care ("the team") consisted of 2 theory-driven phases:■ using consensus-building methods to tailor a previously developed sdm strategy and developing training in the sdm strategy; and■ training community support workers (csws) in the sdm strategy and testing the sdm strategy with community members. Results The team developed a sdm strategy that included a workshop and a booklet with 6 questions for use by csws with patients. The sdm strategy (training and booklet) was finalized based on feedback from 5 urban-based Inuit csws who were recruited and trained in using the strategy. Trained csws were matched with 8 community members, and use of the sdm strategy was assessed during interviews, reported as 6 themes. Participants found the sdm strategy to be useful and feasible for use. Conclusions An integrated kt approach of structured research processes with partners developed a sdm strategy for use by Inuit in cancer care. Further work is needed to test the sdm strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jull
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - A Hizaka
- Tungasuvvingat Inuit, Ottawa, ON
| | - A J Sheppard
- Indigenous Cancer Control Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
| | - A Kewayosh
- Indigenous Cancer Control Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
| | | | | | - G Joudain
- Ottawa Health Services Network Inc., Ottawa, ON
| | - J Plourde
- Ottawa Health Services Network Inc., Ottawa, ON
| | - D Dorschner
- Ottawa Health Services Network Inc., Ottawa, ON
| | - M Rand
- Indigenous Cancer Control Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
| | - M Habash
- Indigenous Cancer Control Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, ON
| | - I D Graham
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baquet G, Dupont G, Gamelin FX, Aucouturier J, Berthoin S. Active Versus Passive Recovery in High-Intensity Intermittent Exercises in Children: An Exploratory Study. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:248-53. [PMID: 30907283 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effect of active recovery (AR) versus passive recovery (PR) on time to exhaustion and time spent at high percentages of peak oxygen uptake ( peakV˙O2 ) during short, high-intensity intermittent exercises in children. Twelve children (9.5 [0.7] y) underwent a graded test and 2 short, high-intensity intermittent exercises (15 s at 120% of maximal aerobic speed) interspersed with either 15 seconds of AR (50% of maximal aerobic speed) or 15-second PR until exhaustion. A very large effect (effect size = 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 3.52) was observed for time to exhaustion in favor of longer time to exhaustion with PR compared with AR. Trivial or small effect sizes were found for peakV˙O2 , peakHR, and peak ventilation between PR and AR, while a moderate effect in favor of higher average V˙O2 values (effect size = -0.87; 95% confidence interval, -1.76 to -0.01) was found using AR. The difference between PR and AR for the time spent above 80% (t80%) and 90% (t90%) of peakV˙O2 was trivial. Despite the shorter running duration in AR, similar t80% and t90% were spent with AR and PR. Time spent at a high percentage of peakV˙O2 may be attained by running 3-fold shorter using AR compared with using PR.
Collapse
|
23
|
Aschendorf PF, Zinner C, Delextrat A, Engelmeyer E, Mester J. Effects of basketball-specific high-intensity interval training on aerobic performance and physical capacities in youth female basketball players. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2019; 47:65-70. [PMID: 30193074 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1520054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of a 5-week, basketball-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic performance in youth female basketball players. METHODS Twenty-four athletes (age 15.1 ± 1.1 years; height: 170 ± 5.2 cm; body mass: 60.9 ± 6.0 kg) took part in the investigation. The training group (TG, n = 11) integrated 10 basketball-specific HIIT sessions in their normal team training, the other group (n = 13) continued their team training routine and served as controls (CG). All HIIT sessions contained different basketball-specific drills. Before (pre-) and after the training period (post-) physical fitness was tested. RESULTS The Yo-yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-yo IR) performance was very likely increased in the TG (26,5 %). No improvements in the Yo-Yo IR performance were found in the CG (-6,8%). Likely positive effects in the TG were evident for the sprint and agility tests with (1.2 ± 2.4%, ES: 0.25, p = 0.29) and without ball (1.5 ± 4.6%, ES: 0.34, p = 0.20). The sprint and agility performance with ball significantly decreased in the CG by -2.8 ± 4.7% (ES: 0.49, p < 0.01). No differences between the groups were found for counter movement jump with arm swing (TG: ES = 0.14, p = 0.45, CG: ES = 0.20 p = 0.18), counter movement jump (TG: ES = 0.05, p = 0.70, CG: ES = 0.19, p = 0.10), squat jump (TG: ES = 0.06, p = 0.72, CG: ES = 0.10, p = 0.54) and long jump (TG: ES = 0.00, p = 0.82, CG: ES = 0.00, p = 0.81). CONCLUSION A 5-week, basketball-specific HIIT improves the aerobic performance in young female basketball athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula F Aschendorf
- a German Research Centre of Elite Sport , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Christoph Zinner
- b Department of Sport , University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse , Wiesbaden , Germany
| | - Anne Delextrat
- c Department of Sport and Health Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Eva Engelmeyer
- a German Research Centre of Elite Sport , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Joachim Mester
- a German Research Centre of Elite Sport , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pereira LE, McCormick J, Dorji T, Kang J, Sun Y, Shukla M, Hopkins A, Deutsch J, Kersh EN, Bernstein K, Fakile YF. Laboratory Evaluation of a Commercially Available Rapid Syphilis Test. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e00832-18. [PMID: 30021825 PMCID: PMC6156315 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00832-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnosis of syphilis depends on assays that detect treponemal and nontreponemal antibodies. Laboratory certification and trained personnel are needed to perform most of these tests, while high costs and long turnaround time can hinder treatment initiation or linkage to care. A rapid treponemal syphilis test (RST) that is simple to perform, accessible, and inexpensive would be ideal. The Syphilis Health Check (SHC) assay is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared and Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived RST in the United States. In this study, 1,406 archived human serum samples were tested using SHC and traditional treponemal and nontreponemal assays. Rapid test results were compared with treponemal data alone and with a laboratory test panel consensus defined as being reactive by both treponemal and nontreponemal assays for a given specimen, or nonreactive by both types of assays. The sensitivity and specificity of the SHC assay compared with treponemal tests alone were 88.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.2 to 90.0%) and 93.1% (95% CI, 90.0 to 94.9%), respectively, while comparison with the laboratory test panel consensus showed 95.7% (95% CI, 93.6 to 97.2%) sensitivity and 93.2% (95% CI, 91.0 to 95.1%) specificity. The data were further stratified based on age, sex, pregnancy, and HIV status. The sensitivity and specificity of the SHC assay ranged from 66.7% (95% CI, 46.0 to 83.5%) to 91.7% (95% CI, 87.7 to 94.7%) and 88% (95% CI, 68.8 to 97.5%) to 100% (95% CI, 47.8 to 100%), respectively, across groups compared to traditional treponemal assays, generally increasing for all groups except the HIV-positive (HIV+) population when factoring in the laboratory test panel consensus. These data contribute to current knowledge of the SHC assay performance for distinct populations and may guide use in various settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Pereira
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua McCormick
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tandin Dorji
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph Kang
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongcheng Sun
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mayur Shukla
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Inc., Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Andre Hopkins
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Deutsch
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ellen N Kersh
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle Bernstein
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yetunde F Fakile
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
MacMillan HA, Schou MF, Kristensen TN, Overgaard J. Preservation of potassium balance is strongly associated with insect cold tolerance in the field: a seasonal study of Drosophila subobscura. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0123. [PMID: 27165627 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is interest in pinpointing genes and physiological mechanisms explaining intra- and interspecific variations in cold tolerance, because thermal tolerance phenotypes strongly impact the distribution and abundance of wild animals. Laboratory studies have highlighted that the capacity to preserve water and ion homeostasis is linked to low temperature survival in insects. It remains unknown, however, whether adaptive seasonal acclimatization in free-ranging insects is governed by the same physiological mechanisms. Here, we test whether cold tolerance in field-caught Drosophila subobscura is high in early spring and lower during summer and whether this transition is associated with seasonal changes in the capacity of flies to preserve water and ion balance during cold stress. Indeed, flies caught during summer were less cold tolerant, and exposure of these flies to sub-zero temperatures caused a loss of haemolymph water and increased the concentration of K(+) in the haemolymph (as in laboratory-reared insects). This pattern of ion and water balance disruption was not observed in more cold-tolerant flies caught in early spring. Thus, we here provide a field verification of hypotheses based on laboratory studies and conclude that the ability to maintain ion homeostasis is important for the ability of free-ranging insects to cope with chilling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heath A MacMillan
- Department of Bioscience-Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads F Schou
- Department of Bioscience-Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten N Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Department of Bioscience-Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Young ST, Moore JR, Bishop CP. A Rapid, Confirmatory Test for Body Fluid Identification. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:511-516. [PMID: 28718918 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a technique that allows investigators to confirm the presence of blood, semen, and/or saliva in a crime scene sample. It is a confirmatory test where multiple samples can be processed in less than an hour, and it is potentially portable, permitting samples to be processed at the crime scene. Samples at a scene giving a positive result can be further processed while those failing to do so may be ignored. There is a large and growing backlog of DNA evidence in the USA, slowing down the criminal justice system. This backlog has continued to grow despite an increase in the ability to process evidence faster. This technique uses quantum dot molecular beacons to test for tissue-specific RNA species, identifying particular body fluids. We have demonstrated the tissue specificity of molecular beacons for blood, semen, and saliva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Young
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6057, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057
| | - Joshua R Moore
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6057, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057
| | - Clifton P Bishop
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, PO Box 6057, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6057
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Juan-Recio C, López-Plaza D, Barbado Murillo D, García-Vaquero MP, Vera-García FJ. Reliability assessment and correlation analysis of 3 protocols to measure trunk muscle strength and endurance. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:357-364. [PMID: 28357922 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1307439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different methods have been developed to quantify trunk muscle strength and endurance. However, some important protocol characteristics are still unclear, hindering the selection of the most suitable tests in each specific situation. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and the relationship between 3 representative tests of the most common type of protocols used to assess trunk muscle strength and endurance. Twenty-seven healthy men performed each test twice spaced 1 month apart.Trunk strength and endurance were evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer and 2 field tests including Biering-Sørensen test and Flexion-rotation trunk test. All tests showed a good relative consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]> 0.75), except for the isokinetic endurance variables which had low-moderate reliability (0.37 < ICC > 0.65). Absolute reliability seemed slightly better in the isokinetic protocol than in the field tests, which showed about 12% of test-retest score increase. No significant correlations were found between test scores. After a familiarisation period for the field tests, the 3 protocols can be used to obtain reliable measures of trunk muscle strength and endurance. Based on the correlation analysis, these measures are not related, which highlights the importance of selecting the most suitable trunk test for each situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casto Juan-Recio
- a Sport Research Centre , Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Elche (Alicante) , Spain
| | - Diego López-Plaza
- a Sport Research Centre , Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Elche (Alicante) , Spain
| | - David Barbado Murillo
- a Sport Research Centre , Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Elche (Alicante) , Spain
| | - M Pilar García-Vaquero
- a Sport Research Centre , Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Elche (Alicante) , Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Z, Yu L, Jin L, Wang W, Zhao Q, Ran L, Li X, Chen Z, Guo R, Wei Y, Yang Z, Liu E, Hu D, Song B. Evaluation of Rice Resistance to Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus and Rice Ragged Stunt Virus through Combined Field Tests, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, and Proteome Analysis. Viruses 2017; 9:E37. [PMID: 28241456 PMCID: PMC5332956 DOI: 10.3390/v9020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) considerably decrease grain yield. Therefore, determining rice cultivars with high resistance to SRBSDV and RRSV is necessary. In this study, rice cultivars with high resistance to SRBSDV and RRSV were evaluated through field trials in Shidian and Mangshi county, Yunnan province, China. SYBR Green I-based quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to quantitatively detect virus gene expression levels in different rice varieties. The following parameters were applied to evaluate rice resistance: acre yield (A.Y.), incidence of infected plants (I.I.P.), virus load (V.L.), disease index (D.I.), and insect quantity (I.Q.) per 100 clusters. Zhongzheyou1 (Z1) and Liangyou2186 (L2186) were considered the most suitable varieties with integrated higher A.Y., lower I.I.P., V.L., D.I. and I.Q. FEATURES In order to investigate the mechanism of rice resistance, comparative label-free shotgun liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic approaches were applied to comprehensively describe the proteomics of rice varieties' SRBSDV tolerance. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-related proteins in Z1 and L2186 may result in the superior resistance of these varieties compared with Fengyouxiangzhan (FYXZ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Linhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Longlu Ran
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- National Agricultural Extension Service Centre, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Yongtian Wei
- Shidian Plant Protection Station, Shidian 678200, China.
| | | | - Enlong Liu
- Mangshi Plant Protection & Quarantine Station, Mangshi 678400, China.
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boevé JL, Eertmans F, Adriaens E, Rossel B. Field Method for Testing Repellency of an Icaridin-Containing Skin Lotion against Vespid Wasps. Insects 2016; 7:E22. [PMID: 27271672 DOI: 10.3390/insects7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vespid wasps are ecologically beneficial predators of insects but their stings also pose a human health risk. Current control methods based on killing vespids are suboptimal. Here, the repellent effect against Vespula vulgaris of a 20% icaridin skin lotion was evaluated under field conditions. An experimental setup was designed in which six artificial skin pieces (10 × 10 cm) were video-recorded for 1 h, to count each min the numbers of flying and feeding vespids. Prior to monitoring, five pieces were successively smeared with 2 mg of cream per cm2, in 30 min intervals, from t = −120 min to 0. The sixth sheet remained untreated to serve as a control. One milliliter of an attractant, fruit jam, was deposited on each of the six surfaces at t = 0. The control surface was free of any flying or feeding vespid during an average period of 25 min, whereas the other five surfaces (treated at t = −120, −90, −60, −30, and 0 min) remained vespid-free for 39, 40, 45, 49, and 51 min, respectively. The skin lotion remained significantly active for at least 2 h. The experimental methodology is adjustable and allows the study of repellents against vespids in semi-natural conditions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dominguez A, Puigmartı́ M, Bosch MP, Rosell G, Crehuet R, Ortiz A, Quero C, Guerrero A. Synthesis, Functional Assays, Electrophysiological Activity, and Field Tests of Pheromone Antagonists of the Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:3523-3532. [PMID: 27088783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is one of the major pests of tomato and other Solanaceae in many regions worldwide. In the search for new strategies to control this pest, we present herewith the stereoselective synthesis, electrophysiological activity, functional analysis, and field tests of new chemicals as possible antagonists of the sex pheromone of the leafminer. The chemicals are methyl ketone (MK) and trifluoromethyl ketone (TFMK) structural analogues of both components of the pheromone. Most of the chemicals exerted per se some electrophysiological activity and inhibited the electroantennographic response to the pheromone when vapors of the inhibitor were passed over the antennae. Except TFMK 3, which elicited a modest effect, the compounds did not exhibit antiesterase activity on the pheromone-degrading enzymes of the antennae, but in the field the chemicals, particularly MK 5, notably decreased the number of catches when mixed with the pheromone in 1:1 and 10:1 ratios, regardless the infestation level of the plot. These results suggest that MK 5 is a good behavioral antagonist of the pheromone to be considered as a putative agent to control the pest in new future integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Dominguez
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Puigmartı́
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pilar Bosch
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Rosell
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Unit Associated to CSIC, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona , Avinguda Diagonal s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Crehuet
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Ortiz
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, EPSL, University of Jaén , Linares (Jaén), Spain
| | - Carmen Quero
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Guerrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
West CR, Leicht CA, Goosey-Tolfrey VL, Romer LM. Perspective: Does Laboratory-Based Maximal Incremental Exercise Testing Elicit Maximum Physiological Responses in Highly-Trained Athletes with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury? Front Physiol 2016; 6:419. [PMID: 26834642 PMCID: PMC4712301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological assessment of highly-trained athletes is a cornerstone of many scientific support programs. In the present article, we provide original data followed by our perspective on the topic of laboratory-based incremental exercise testing in elite athletes with cervical spinal cord injury. We retrospectively reviewed our data on Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby athletes collected during the last two Paralympic cycles. We extracted and compared peak cardiometabolic (heart rate and blood lactate) responses between a standard laboratory-based incremental exercise test on a treadmill and two different maximal field tests (4 min and 40 min maximal push). In the nine athletes studied, both field tests elicited higher peak responses than the laboratory-based test. The present data imply that laboratory-based incremental protocols preclude the attainment of true peak cardiometabolic responses. This may be due to the different locomotor patterns required to sustain wheelchair propulsion during treadmill exercise or that maximal incremental treadmill protocols only require individuals to exercise at or near maximal exhaustion for a relatively short period of time. We acknowledge that both field- and laboratory-based testing have respective merits and pitfalls and suggest that the choice of test be dictated by the question at hand: if true peak responses are required then field-based testing is warranted, whereas laboratory-based testing may be more appropriate for obtaining cardiometabolic responses across a range of standardized exercise intensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R West
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University LondonLondon, UK
| | - Christof A Leicht
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University Loughborough, UK
| | - Victoria L Goosey-Tolfrey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University Loughborough, UK
| | - Lee M Romer
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University London London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saint-Maurice PF, Welk GJ, Finn KJ, Kaj M. Cross-Validation of a PACER Prediction Equation for Assessing Aerobic Capacity in Hungarian Youth. Res Q Exerc Sport 2015; 86 Suppl 1:S66-S73. [PMID: 26054958 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to evaluate the validity of the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular and Endurance Run (PACER) test in a sample of Hungarian youth. METHOD Approximately 500 participants (aged 10-18 years old) were randomly selected across Hungary to complete both laboratory (maximal treadmill protocol) and field assessments (PACER) of aerobic capacity. Agreement between lab- and PACER-derived peak oxygen consumption (VO2) was examined using linear regression and 2-sided equivalence testing techniques, respectively. The impact of agreement on the classification accuracy of peak VO2 estimates into FITNESSGRAM® fitness zones was determined with kappa statistics. RESULTS The final sample resulted in a total of 167 boys and 143 girls (N = 310). Analyses revealed that lab and PACER VO2 shared 13% to 18% of their variance (R(2)boys = .13, R(2)girls = .18) and that limits of agreement ranged from - 39.9 mL/kg/min to +37.6 mL/kg/min depending on the sex. The absolute error values were 14% for boys and 16% for girls; however, the average peak VO2 estimates from the PACER were within the 10% equivalence region for girls (37.2 mL/kg/min to 45.4 mL/kg/min), but not for boys (45.2 mL/kg/min to 55.2 mL/kg/min). When lab and PACER VO2 were categorized according to Fitnessgram zones, agreement was fair for both sexes (boys, Kappa = .25, and girls, Kappa = .31). CONCLUSIONS Although the correlations between measured and predicted peak VO2 were lower than expected, the magnitude of error observed in the PACER is similar to past ranges of error observed in other studies (10%-15%), but the large individual error should be considered when interpreting individual results from this field-based measure of aerobic capacity. There was reasonable classification agreement between lab estimates and the PACER test for classification into the various fitness standards.
Collapse
|
33
|
Iturricastillo A, Granados C, Yanci J. Changes in Body Composition and Physical Performance in Wheelchair Basketball Players During a Competitive Season. J Hum Kinet 2015; 48:157-65. [PMID: 26834884 PMCID: PMC4721618 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzed the changes in body composition and physical performance in wheelchair basketball (WB) players during one competitive season. Players from a WB team competing in the first division of the Spanish League (n = 8, age: 26.5 ± 2.9 years, body mass: 79.8 ± 12.6 kg, sitting height: 91.4 ± 4.4 cm) participated in this research. The upper limbs showed a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue and there was an improvement in physical abilities such as sprinting with the ball (5 and 20 m), handgrip and aerobic capacity. However, the changes in physical fitness concerning sprinting without the ball and agility tests were low. It would be interesting to study the effects of implementing specific programs to improve physical performance in WB and to establish more test sessions to monitor the effects of the programs followed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Iturricastillo
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Granados
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Javier Yanci
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schäfer S, Low S. Asilomar moments: formative framings in recombinant DNA and solar climate engineering research. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2014; 372:rsta.2014.0064. [PMID: 25404678 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine the claim that in governance for solar climate engineering research, and especially field tests, there is no need for external governance beyond existing mechanisms such as peer review and environmental impact assessments that aim to assess technically defined risks to the physical environment. By drawing on the historical debate on recombinant DNA research, we show that defining risks is not a technical question but a complex process of narrative formation. Governance emerges from within, and as a response to, narratives of what is at stake in a debate. In applying this finding to the case of climate engineering, we find that the emerging narrative differs starkly from the narrative that gave meaning to rDNA technology during its formative period, with important implications for governance. While the narrative of rDNA technology was closed down to narrowly focus on technical risks, that of climate engineering continues to open up and includes social, political and ethical issues. This suggests that, in order to be legitimate, governance must take into account this broad perception of what constitutes the relevant issues and risks of climate engineering, requiring governance that goes beyond existing mechanisms that focus on technical risks. Even small-scale field tests with negligible impacts on the physical environment warrant additional governance as they raise broader concerns that go beyond the immediate impacts of individual experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sean Low
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yanci J, Granados C, Otero M, Badiola A, Olasagasti J, Bidaurrazaga-Letona I, Iturricastillo A, Gil S. Sprint, agility, strength and endurance capacity in wheelchair basketball players. Biol Sport 2014; 32:71-8. [PMID: 25729153 PMCID: PMC4314607 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1127285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were, firstly, to determine the reliability and reproducibility of an agility T-test and Yo-Yo 10 m recovery test; and secondly, to analyse the physical characteristics measured by sprint, agility, strength and endurance field tests in wheelchair basketball (WB) players. 16 WB players (33.06 ± 7.36 years, 71.89 ± 21.71 kg and sitting body height 86.07 ± 6.82 cm) belonging to the national WB league participated in this study. Wheelchair sprint (5 and 20 m without ball, and 5 and 20 m with ball) agility (T-test and pick-up test) strength (handgrip and maximal pass) and endurance (Yo-Yo 10 m recovery test) were performed. T-test and Yo-Yo 10 m recovery test showed good reproducibility values (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.74-0.94). The WB players' results in 5 and 20 m sprints without a ball were 1.87 ± 0.21 s and 5.70 ± 0.43 s and with a ball 2.10 ± 0.30 s and 6.59 ± 0.61 s, being better than those reported in the literature. Regarding the pick-up test results (16.05 ± 0.52 s) and maximal pass (8.39 ± 1.77 m), players showed worse values than those obtained in elite players. The main contribution of the present study is the characterization of the physical performance profile of WB players using a field test battery. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the agility T-test and the aerobic Yo-Yo 10 m recovery test are reliable; consequently they may be appropriate instruments for measuring physical fitness in WB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yanci
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - C Granados
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M Otero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Badiola
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J Olasagasti
- Guipuzcoa Adapted Sport Federation, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - I Bidaurrazaga-Letona
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Iturricastillo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sm Gil
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Richard A, O'Rourke J, Rubin JF. External fluorescence retention of calcein-marked juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta raised in natural and artificial environments. J Fish Biol 2014; 84:73-84. [PMID: 24245818 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence retention and intensity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta marked during their first summer were monitored in a hatchery and in four natural streams. A handheld detector was used for direct examination. In the hatchery, three marking treatments (T) were compared: 3·5 min in a 0·5% calcein solution (T0·5-3·5), 7 min in a 0·5% calcein solution (T0·5-7) and 3·5 min in a 1% calcein solution (T1-3·5). The fish were raised indoors for 11 months and then outdoors until 18 months. The fluorescence retention rate was 100% in all treatments at 11 months, although T1-3·5 showed the highest mean fluorescence intensity, followed by T0·5-7 and T0·5-3·5. The fluorescence intensity was not correlated with the final total length (L(T)) of the fish in two treatments, although it significantly decreased with increasing L(T) in T1-3·5. At 18 months, <30% of the fish were still slightly fluorescent, suggesting a negative effect of sunlight exposure. In stream studies, the fluorescence intensity did not significantly differ according to final L(T); an overall mean ± s.d. retention rate of 70·7 ± 26·6% was measured at 12 months with a decrease to 48·6 ± 24·6% at 24 months. Significant differences amongst streams and within reaches of the same stream were observed. Because of a significant positive effect of the shading index on the fluorescence intensity, the use of calcein should be restricted to streams unexposed to direct sunlight. Consequently, the marking method would be reliable for 1 year monitoring studies in shaded streams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Richard
- hepia - University of Applied Science of Western Switzerland, Earth Nature Environment Institute, Route de Presinge 150, 1254 Jussy (GE), Switzerland; INRA, UMR 0042 Carrtel, F-74203 Thonon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Katis A, Kellis E. Effects of small-sided games on physical conditioning and performance in young soccer players. J Sports Sci Med 2009; 8:374-380. [PMID: 24150000 PMCID: PMC3763282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine, first, the movement actions performed during two different small-sided games and, second, their effects on a series of field endurance and technical tests. Thirty-four young soccer players (age: 13 ± 0.9 yrs; body mass: 62.3 ± 15.1 kg; height: 1.65 ± 0.06 m) participated in the study. Small-sided games included three-a-side (3 versus 3 players) and six-a-side (6 versus 6 players) games consisting of 10 bouts of 4 min duration with 3 min active recovery between bouts. Soccer player performance was evaluated using five field tests: a) 30m sprint, b) throw-in for distance, c) Illinois Agility Test, d) dribbling the ball and e) horizontal jump before, in the middle and after the implementation of both game situations. Heart rate was monitored during the entire testing session. Each game was also filmed to measure soccer movements within the game. The ANOVA analysis indicated that the three-a- side games displayed significantly higher heart rate values compared with the six-a-side games (p < 0.05). The number of short passes, kicks, tackles, dribbles and scoring goals were significantly higher during the three-a-side compared with the six-a-side game condition (p < 0. 05) while players performed more long passes and headed the ball more often during the six-a-side (p < 0.05). After the three-a-side games, there was a significant decline in sprint and agility performance (p < 0.05), while after both game conditions significant alterations in the throw-in and the horizontal jump performance were observed (p < 0.05). The results of the present study indicated that three-a-side games provide higher stimulus for physical conditioning and technical improvement than six-a-side games and their use for training young soccer players is recommended. Key pointsThree-a-side games display higher HR compared with six-a-side games.In the three-a-side games players performed more short passes, kicks, dribbles, tackles and scored more goals compared with the six-a-side games.Impairment in endurance and field test performance was observed mainly after three-a-side games.The use of the three-a-side games to develop physical fitness and technique in young soccer players is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Katis
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Control and Therapeutic Exercise, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|