1
|
Arroyo I, Cedeño R, Nour Eddine N, Alcaraz G, Pensec S, Bouteiller L, Naït-Abdelaziz M, Barrau S, Tahon JF, Fournier D, Fadel A, Takeshita M, Buntinx G, Aloïse S. Easy Processable Photomechanical Thin Film Involving a Photochromic Diarylethene and a Thermoplastic Elastomer in Supramolecular Interaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402131. [PMID: 39152527 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
A novel supramolecular photoactuator in the form of a thin film of centimetric size has been developed as an alternative to traditional liquid crystal elastomers (LCE) involving azobenzene (AZO) units or photochromic microcrystals. This thin film is produced through spin coating without the need for alignment or crosslinking. The photoactuator combines a photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) functionalized with ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) units, and a telechelic thermoplastic elastomer, also functionalized with UPy, allowing quadruple hydrogen bonding between the two components. Upon alternating ultraviolet (UV) and visible light exposure, the film exhibits reversible bending and color changes, studied using displacement and absorption tracking setups. For the first time, the photomechanical effect (PME) is quantitatively correlated with photochromism, showing that DTE units drive the movement under both UV (photocyclization) and visible (photoreversion) light. In situ illumination techniques reveal that the PME arises from photoinduced strain within 160 nm UPy-bonded DTE domains, which expand and contract by approximately 50% under UV and visible light, respectively. The semicrystalline nature of the elastomer and a robust supramolecular network connecting both components are critical in converting microscopic photostrain into macroscopic actuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Arroyo
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Rebeca Cedeño
- Université de Lille, Unité de Mécanique de Lille-Joseph Boussinesq ULR 7512, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Nour Nour Eddine
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Gilles Alcaraz
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Sandrine Pensec
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Laurent Bouteiller
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Moussa Naït-Abdelaziz
- Université de Lille, Unité de Mécanique de Lille-Joseph Boussinesq ULR 7512, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Sophie Barrau
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Jean-François Tahon
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - David Fournier
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Alexandre Fadel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Michinori Takeshita
- Department of Advanced Technology and Fusion, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Saga, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Guy Buntinx
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Stéphane Aloïse
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille, 59000, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Das S, Catalano L, Geerts Y. Gas Release as an Efficient Strategy to Tune Mechanical Properties and Thermoresponsiveness of Dynamic Molecular Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401317. [PMID: 38624188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic molecular crystals combining multiple and finely tunable functionalities are attracting and an increasing attention due to their potential applications in a broad range of fields as efficient energy transducers and stimuli-responsive materials. In this context, a multicomponent organic salt, piperazinium trifluoroacetate (PZTFA), endowed with an unusual multidimensional responsive landscape is reported. Crystals of the salt undergo smooth plastic deformation under mechanical stress and thermo-induced jumping. Furthermore, via controlled crystal bending and release of trifluoroacetic acid from the lattice, which is anticipated from the design of the material, both the mechanical response and the thermoresponsive behavior are efficiently tuned while partially preserving the crystallinity of the system. In particular, mechanical deformation hampers guest release and hence the macroscopic jumping effect, while trifluoroacetic acid release stiffens the crystals. These complex adaptive responses establish a new crystal engineering strategy to gain further control over dynamic organic crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Luca Catalano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li YH, Cui M, Gong Y, Xu TY, Tong F. Size Reduction to Enhance Crystal-to-Liquid Phase Transition Induced by E-to- Z Photoisomerization Based on Molecular Crystals of Phenylbutadiene Ester. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3664. [PMID: 39124328 PMCID: PMC11312889 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing the photoinduced phase transitions in organic crystals, especially the changes in shape and structure across various dimensions, offers a fascinating avenue for exact spatiotemporal control, which is crucial for developing future smart devices. In our study, we report a new photoactive molecular crystal made from (E)-2-(3-phenyl-allylidene)malonate ((E)-PADM). When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light at 365 nm, this compound experiences an E-to-Z photoisomerization in liquid solution and a crystal-to-liquid phase transition in solid crystals. Remarkably, nanoscopic crystalline rods boost their melting rate and degree compared to bulk crystals, indicating that miniaturization enhances the photoinduced melting effect. Our results demonstrate a simple approach to rapidly drive molecular crystals into liquids via photochemical reactions and phase transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.-H.L.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (T.-Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saikawa M, Ohnuma M, Manabe K, Saito K, Kikkawa Y, Norikane Y. Photo-controllable microcleaner: photo-induced crawling motion and particle transport of azobenzene crystals on a liquid-like surface. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39044483 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Organic crystals of 3,3'-dimethylazobenzene (DMAB) exhibit photo-induced crawling motion on solid surfaces when they are simultaneously irradiated with ultraviolet and visible light from opposite directions. DMAB crystals are candidates for light-driven cargo transporters, having simple chemical compositions and material structures. However, fast crawling motion without significant shape deformation has not yet been achieved. In this study, compared with hydrophilic glass and conventional hydrophobic surfaces with alkyl chains, siloxane-based hybrid surfaces, which are "liquid-like surfaces," result in the fastest crawling motion (4.2 μm min-1) while the droplet-like shape of DMAB crystals is maintained. Additionally, we successfully demonstrate that the DMAB crystals are capable of capturing and carrying silica particles on the hybrid surface. The transport direction is changed on demand without releasing the particles by simply changing the irradiation direction. The particles can be left on the substrate by removing the DMAB crystals via sublimation at room temperature. This result showcases a new concept of "photo-controllable microcleaner" that can operate a series of cargo capture-carry-release tasks. We expect this transporter to contribute to the development of crystal actuators, microfluidics, and microscale molecular flasks/reactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Saikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Mio Ohnuma
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng J, Zhao Y, Yang J, Liu Y. Crystal Engineering-Driven Sunlight Responsiveness and Flexible Waveguide Transmission. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7335-7341. [PMID: 38986014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Here, a barbituric acid derivative containing pyrene rings (DPPT) was successfully synthesized, and two types of crystals were prepared by using crystal engineering methods. Orange sheet-like crystals (DPPT-O, observed in visible light), prepared in a DCM/CH3OH solution, exhibited brittleness and weak fluorescence emission, along with sunlight-induced bending and fracturing. Red needle-like crystals (DPPT-R, also observed in visible light), synthesized in a DCM/CH3CN solution, demonstrated elastic properties, strong fluorescence emission, and excellent optical waveguide performance (with an optical loss coefficient of 0.23-0.30 dB mm-1). Single-crystal data analysis revealed that the stacking arrangement of molecules critically influenced the elasticity of the crystals, while the reaction cavity size regulated the photomechanical properties of the crystals. This study achieved effective control over sunlight responsiveness and flexible optical waveguide transmission for the first time, providing innovative insights for the application of homogeneous organic polycrystalline molecular crystals in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, TaiYuan 030032, China
| | - Yuheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, TaiYuan 030032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, TaiYuan 030032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, TaiYuan 030032, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu C, Jiang X, Al-Handawi MB, Naumov P, Li L, Yu Q, Wang G. Bending, Twisting, and Propulsion of Photoreactive Crystals by Controlled Gas Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403397. [PMID: 38530916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The rapid release of gas by a chemical reaction to generate momentum is one of the most fundamental ways to elicit motion that could be used to sustain and control the motility of objects. We report that hollow crystals of a three-dimensional supramolecular metal complex that releases gas by photolysis can propel themselves or other objects and advance in space when suspended in mother solution. In needle-like regular crystals, the reaction occurs mainly on the surface and results in the formation of cracks that evolve due to internal pressure; the expansion on the cracked surface of the crystal results in bending, twisting, or coiling of the crystal. In hollow crystals, gas accumulates inside their cavities and emanates preferentially from the recess at the crystal terminus, propelling the crystals to undergo directional photomechanical motion through the mother solution. The motility of the object which can be controlled externally to perform work delineates the concept of "crystal microbots", realized by photoreactive organic crystals capable of prolonged directional motion for actuation or delivery. Within the prospects, we envisage the development of a plethora of light-weight, efficient, autonomously operating robots based on organic crystals with high work capacity where motion over large distances can be attained due to the large volume of latent gas generated from a small volume of the crystalline solid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Marieh B Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 38044, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Guoming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng J, Han C, Zhang X, Jia J, Bai J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xue P. Mechanical Effects of Elastic Crystals Driven by Natural Sunlight and Force. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311348. [PMID: 37828622 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible crystals that can capture solar energy and convert it into mechanical energy are promising for a wide range of applications such as information storage and actuators, but obtaining them remains a challenge. Herein, an elastic crystal of a barbiturate derivative was found to be an excellent candidate, demonstrating plastic bending behavior under natural sunlight irradiation. 1 H NMR and high-resolution mass spectrum data of microcrystals before and after light irradiation demonstrated that light-induced [2+2] cycloaddition was the driving force for the photomechanical effects. Interestingly, the crystals retained elastic bending even after light irradiation. This is the first report of flexible crystals that can be driven by natural sunlight and that have both photomechanical properties and elasticity. Furthermore, regulation of the passive light output direction of the crystals and transport of objects by applying mechanical forces and light was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuchu Han
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Aerospace science & industry defense technology research and test center, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiakun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of, Ministry of Education & School of Chemistry and Materials Science of, Shanxi Normal University, 030032, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin key laboratory of structure and performance for functional molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen YS, Wang CH, Hu YH, Lu CYD, Yang JS. An Elastic Organic Crystal Enables Macroscopic Photoinduced Crystal Elongation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6024-6028. [PMID: 36840927 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of photomechanical deformations of organic crystals, photoinduced elongation of millimeter-scale crystals has yet to be demonstrated. Here we report that the millimeter-sized crystalline rods of an anthracene-pentiptycene hybrid organic π-system (1) are highly elastic and able to elongate up to 21.6% or 0.40 mm without fragmentation upon undergoing [4 + 4] photodimerization reactions. Both the mechanical and photomechanical effects reveal a strong cohesion of the system, even at the interface of 1 and its photodimer 2 and under the conditions of randomized molecular packing, representing a new class of mechanically adaptive organic crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi David Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|