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Chen L, Low HR, Jiang Y, Zhang WY, Ao CK, Tan YJN, Lim KH, Soh S. Functional polymeric molecules for performing autonomous synthesis of particles with core-shell structures and customizable shapes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1054-1064. [PMID: 38084052 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01480k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Self-organization by the directed migration of components within a system is an important process in many applications, such as the unidirectional migration of motor proteins for transporting items to specific sites in a cell. This manuscript describes a class of functional polymeric molecules that have a set of instructions written by specific chemical moieties. These instructions allow the functional polymeric molecules to be used for autonomous synthesis of particles: particles with both functional core-shell structure and customizable shapes are fabricated for the first time. The functional polymeric molecules direct the large-scale migration of the liquid molecules to specific sites for forming the required customized structure of the particle, thus overcoming previous challenges of fabricating this class of particles. This first synthesis of this class of particles enables the development of novel applications: the concept of shape specificity for targeting sites. Both the basic structural properties (core-shell structure and customizable shape) are used in the specific applications of targeted drug delivery and imaging. The secure physical fit due to the complementary shapes enables the particles to remain locked in position for the targeting. Polymeric molecules are first shown to be highly capable of being encoded with instructions for autonomous synthesis of structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Han Rou Low
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Wan Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Yan Jie Neriah Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Kang Hui Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Li J, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG. A decade of developing applications exploiting the properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:807-835. [PMID: 36472384 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Transferring the layer-by-layer (LbL) coating approach from planar surfaces to spherical templates and subsequently dissolving these templates leads to the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules. The versatility of the coatings of capsules and their flexibility upon bringing in virtually any material into the coatings has quickly drawn substantial attention. Here, we provide an overview of the main developments in this field, highlighting the trends in the last decade. In the beginning, various methods of encapsulation and release are discussed followed by a broad range of applications, which were developed and explored. We also outline the current trends, where the range of applications is continuing to grow, including addition of whole new and different application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bogdan V Parakhonskiy
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Nifontova G, Tsoi T, Karaulov A, Nabiev I, Sukhanova A. Structure-function relationships in polymeric multilayer capsules designed for cancer drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5092-5115. [PMID: 35894444 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of cancer drugs to tumor-specific molecular targets represents a major challenge in modern personalized cancer medicine. Engineering of micron and submicron polymeric multilayer capsules allows the obtaining of multifunctional theranostic systems serving as controllable stimulus-responsive tools with a high clinical potential to be used in cancer therapy and detection. The functionalities of such theranostic systems are determined by the design and structural properties of the capsules. This review (1) describes the current issues in designing cancer cell-targeting polymeric multilayer capsules, (2) analyzes the effects of the interactions of the capsules with the cellular and molecular constituents of biological fluids, and (3) presents the key structural parameters determining the effectiveness of capsule targeting. The influence of the morphological and physicochemical parameters and the origin of the structural components and surface ligands on the functional activity of polymeric multilayer capsules at the molecular, cellular, and whole-body levels are summarized. The basic structural and functional principles determining the future trends of theranostic capsule development are established and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Nifontova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Tatiana Tsoi
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France. .,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
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Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E. Anisotropic Particles through Multilayer Assembly. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100328. [PMID: 34644008 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The anisotropy in the shape of polymeric particles has been demonstrated to have many advantages over spherical particulates, including bio-mimetic behavior, shaped-directed flow, deformation, surface adhesion, targeting, motion, and permeability. The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is uniquely suited for synthesizing anisotropic particles as this method allows for simple and versatile replication of diverse colloid geometries with precise control over their chemical and physical properties. This review highlights recent progress in anisotropic particles of micrometer and nanometer sizes produced by a templated multilayer assembly of synthetic and biological macromolecules. Synthetic approaches to produce capsules and hydrogels utilizing anisotropic templates such as biological, polymeric, bulk hydrogel, inorganic colloids, and metal-organic framework crystals as sacrificial templates are overviewed. Structure-property relationships controlled by the anisotropy in particle shape and surface are discussed and compared with their spherical counterparts. Advances and challenges in controlling particle properties through varying shape anisotropy and surface asymmetry are outlined. The perspective applications of anisotropic colloids in biomedicine, including programmed behavior in the blood and tissues as artificial cells, nano-motors/sensors, and intelligent drug carriers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Chemistry Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Chemistry Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,UAB Center for Nanomaterials and Biointegration, UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Park C, Bae J, Choi Y, Park W. Shear Stress-Triggered Deformation of Microparticles in a Tapered Microchannel. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010055. [PMID: 33375678 PMCID: PMC7795621 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that it is possible to produce microparticles with high deformability while maintaining a high effective volume. For significant particle deformation, a particle must have a void region. The void fraction of the particle allows its deformation under shear stress. Owing to the importance of the void fraction in particle deformation, we defined an effective volume index (V*) that indicates the ratio of the particle’s total volume to the volumes of the void and material structures. We chose polyethylene glycol diacrylate (Mn ~ 700) for the fabrication of the microparticles and focused on the design of the particles rather than the intrinsic softness of the material (E). We fabricated microparticles with four distinct shapes: discotic, ring, horseshoe, and spiral, with various effective volume indexes. The microparticles were subjected to shear stress as they were pushed through a tapered microfluidic channel to measure their deformability. The deformation ratio R was introduced as R = 1−Wdeformed/Doriginal to compare the deformability of the microparticles. We measured the deformation ratio by increasing the applied pressure. The spiral-shaped microparticles showed a higher deformation ratio (0.901) than those of the other microparticles at the same effective volume index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolheon Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Junghyun Bae
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Yeongjae Choi
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Wook Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea; (C.P.); (J.B.)
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
- Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-3465
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Schönhöfer PWA, Marechal M, Cleaver DJ, Schröder-Turk GE. Self-assembly and entropic effects in pear-shaped colloid systems. I. Shape sensitivity of bilayer phases in colloidal pear-shaped particle systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034903. [PMID: 32716179 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of particle shape in self-assembly processes is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, particle shape and particle elongation are often considered the most fundamental determinants of soft matter structure formation. On the other hand, structure formation is often highly sensitive to details of shape. Here, we address the question of particle shape sensitivity for the self-assembly of hard pear-shaped particles by studying two models for this system: (a) the pear hard Gaussian overlap (PHGO) and (b) the hard pears of revolution (HPR) model. Hard pear-shaped particles, given by the PHGO model, are known to form a bicontinuous gyroid phase spontaneously. However, this model does not replicate an additive object perfectly and, hence, varies slightly in shape from a "true" pear-shape. Therefore, we investigate in the first part of this series the stability of the gyroid phase in pear-shaped particle systems. We show, based on the HPR phase diagram, that the gyroid phase does not form in pears with such a "true" hard pear-shaped potential. Moreover, we acquire first indications from the HPR and PHGO pair-correlation functions that the formation of the gyroid is probably attributed to the small non-additive properties of the PHGO potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W A Schönhöfer
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, 6150 Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Matthieu Marechal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Douglas J Cleaver
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, 6150 Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Sharma V, Sundaramurthy A. Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:508-532. [PMID: 32274289 PMCID: PMC7113543 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer capsules have been of great interest for scientists and medical communities in multidisciplinary fields of research, such as drug delivery, sensing, biomedicine, theranostics and gene therapy. The most essential attributes of a drug delivery system are considered to be multi-functionality and stimuli responsiveness against a range of external and internal stimuli. Apart from the highly explored strong polyelectrolytes, weak polyelectrolytes offer great versatility with a highly controllable architecture, unique stimuli responsiveness and easy tuning of the properties for intracellular delivery of cargo. This review describes the progress in the preparation, functionalization and applications of capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes or their combination with biopolymers. The selection of a sacrificial template for capsule formation, the driving forces involved, the encapsulation of a variety of cargo and release based on different internal and external stimuli have also been addressed. We describe recent perspectives and obstacles of weak polyelectrolyte/biopolymer systems in applications such as therapeutics, biosensing, bioimaging, bioreactors, vaccination, tissue engineering and gene delivery. This review gives an emerging outlook on the advantages and unique responsiveness of weak polyelectrolyte based systems that can enable their widespread use in potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Creff J, Courson R, Mangeat T, Foncy J, Souleille S, Thibault C, Besson A, Malaquin L. Fabrication of 3D scaffolds reproducing intestinal epithelium topography by high-resolution 3D stereolithography. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119404. [PMID: 31419651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine is a complex tissue with a crypt/villus architecture and high tissue polarity. Maintenance of tissue integrity and function is supported by a constant renewal of the epithelium, with proliferative cells located in the crypts and differentiated cells migrating upward to the top of villi. So far, most in vitro studies have been limited to 2D surfaces or 3D organoid cultures that do not fully recapitulate the tissue 3D architecture, microenvironment and cell compartmentalization found in vivo. Here, we report the development of a 3D model that reproduces more faithfully the architecture of the intestinal epithelium in vitro. We developed a new fabrication process combining a photopolymerizable hydrogel that supports the growth of intestinal cell lines with high-resolution stereolithography 3D printing. This approach offers the possibility to create artificial 3D scaffolds matching the dimensions and architecture of mouse intestinal crypts and villi. We demonstrate that these 3D culture models support the growth and differentiation of Caco-2 cells for 3 weeks. These models may constitute a complementary approach to organoid cultures to study intestinal homeostasis by allowing guided self-organization and controlled differentiation, as well as for in vitro drug screening and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France; LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Courson
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | | | - C Thibault
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-INSA, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31400, Toulouse, France.
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Armada-Moreira A, Taipaleenmäki E, Itel F, Zhang Y, Städler B. Droplet-microfluidics towards the assembly of advanced building blocks in cell mimicry. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19510-19522. [PMID: 27858045 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cell mimicry is an approach in nanomedicine aiming at substituting for missing or lost cellular functions employing nature-inspired concepts. Pioneered decades ago, only now is this technology empowered with the arsenal of nanotechnological tools and ready to provide radically new solutions such as assembling synthetic organelles and artificial cells. One of these tools is droplet microfluidics (D-μF), which provides the flexibility to generate cargo-loaded particles with tunable size and shape in a fast and reliable manner, an essential requirement in cell mimicry. This minireview aims at outlining the developments in D-μF from the past four years focusing on the assembly of nanoparticles, Janus-shaped and other non-spherical particles as well as their loading with biological payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Armada-Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. and Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Essi Taipaleenmäki
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Fabian Itel
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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