1
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Li D, Liu Y, Luo H, Jing G. Anisotropic Diffusion of Elongated Particles in Active Coherent Flows. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:199. [PMID: 38398928 PMCID: PMC10893016 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The study of particle diffusion, a classical conundrum in scientific inquiry, holds manifold implications for various real-world applications. Particularly within the domain of active flows, where the motion of self-propelled particles instigates fluid movement, extensive research has been dedicated to unraveling the dynamics of passive spherical particles. This scrutiny has unearthed intriguing phenomena, such as superdiffusion at brief temporal scales and conventional diffusion at longer intervals. In contrast to the spherical counterparts, anisotropic particles, which manifest directional variations, are prevalent in nature. Although anisotropic behavior in passive fluids has been subject to exploration, enigmatic aspects persist in comprehending the interplay of anisotropic particles within active flows. This research delves into the intricacies of anisotropic passive particle diffusion, exposing a notable escalation in translational and rotational diffusion coefficients, as well as the superdiffusion index, contingent upon bacterial concentration. Through a detailed examination of particle coordinates, the directional preference of particle diffusion is not solely dependent on the particle length, but rather determined by the ratio of the particle length to the associated length scale of the background flow field. These revelations accentuate the paramount importance of unraveling the nuances of anisotropic particle diffusion within the context of active flows. Such insights not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of particle dynamics, but also have potential implications for a spectrum of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | | | - Guangyin Jing
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
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2
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Liu L, Legg BA, Smith W, Anovitz LM, Zhang X, Harper R, Pearce CI, Rosso KM, Stack AG, Bleuel M, Mildner DFR, Schenter GK, Clark AE, De Yoreo JJ, Chun J, Nakouzi E. Predicting Outcomes of Nanoparticle Attachment by Connecting Atomistic, Interfacial, Particle, and Aggregate Scales. ACS Nano 2023; 17:15556-15567. [PMID: 37556761 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicting nanoparticle aggregation and attachment phenomena requires a rigorous understanding of the interplay among crystal structure, particle morphology, surface chemistry, solution conditions, and interparticle forces, yet no comprehensive picture exists. We used an integrated suite of experimental, theoretical, and simulation methods to resolve the effect of solution pH on the aggregation of boehmite nanoplatelets, a case study with important implications for the environmental management of legacy nuclear waste. Real-time observations showed that the particles attach preferentially along the (010) planes at pH 8.5 and the (101) planes at pH 11. To rationalize these results, we established the connection between key physicochemical phenomena across the relevant length scales. Starting from molecular-scale simulations of surface hydroxyl reactivity, we developed an interfacial-scale model of the corresponding electrostatic potentials, with subsequent particle-scale calculations of the resulting driving forces allowing successful prediction of the attachment modes. Finally, we scaled these phenomena to understand the collective structure at the aggregate-scale. Our results indicate that facet-specific differences in surface chemistry produce heterogeneous surface charge distributions that are coupled to particle anisotropy and shape-dependent hydrodynamic forces, to play a key role in controlling aggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Benjamin A Legg
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - William Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Lawrence M Anovitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Reed Harper
- College of Computing, Engineering & Construction, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Andrew G Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Markus Bleuel
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, J. Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David F R Mildner
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Aurora E Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, CUNY City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Elias Nakouzi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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3
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Trevenen S, Rahman MA, Hamilton HSC, Ribbe AE, Bradley LC, Beltramo PJ. Nanoscale Porosity in Microellipsoids Cloaks Interparticle Capillary Attraction at Fluid Interfaces. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37272708 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic particles pinned at fluid interfaces tend toward disordered multiparticle configurations due to large, orientationally dependent, capillary forces, which is a significant barrier to exploiting these particles to create functional self-assembled materials. Therefore, current interfacial assembly methods typically focus on isotropic spheres, which have minimal capillary attraction and no dependence on orientation in the plane of the interface. In order to create long-range ordered structures with complex configurations via interfacially trapped anisotropic particles, control over the interparticle interaction energy via external fields and/or particle engineering is necessary. Here, we synthesize colloidal ellipsoids with nanoscale porosity and show that their interparticle capillary attraction at a water-air interface is reduced by an order of magnitude compared to their smooth counterparts. This is accomplished by comparing the behavior of smooth, rough, and porous ellipsoids at a water-air interface. By monitoring the dynamics of two particles approaching one another, we show that the porous particles exhibit a much shorter-range capillary interaction potential, with scaling intriguingly different than theory describing the behavior of smooth ellipsoids. Further, interferometry measurements of the fluid deformation surrounding a single particle shows that the interface around porous ellipsoids does not possess the characteristic quadrupolar symmetry of smooth ellipsoids, and quantitatively confirms the decrease in capillary interaction energy. By engineering nanostructured surface features in this fashion, the interfacial capillary interactions between particles may be controlled, informing an approach for the self-assembly of complex two-dimensional microstructures composed of anisotropic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Trevenen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Heather S C Hamilton
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Alexander E Ribbe
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Laura C Bradley
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Peter J Beltramo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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4
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Yin X, Yang J, Zhang M, Wang X, Xu W, Price CAH, Huang L, Liu W, Su H, Wang W, Chen H, Hou G, Walker M, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Liu J, Qian K, Di W. Serum Metabolic Fingerprints on Bowl-Shaped Submicroreactor Chip for Chemotherapy Monitoring. ACS Nano 2022; 16:2852-2865. [PMID: 35099942 PMCID: PMC9007521 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a primary cancer treatment strategy, the monitoring of which is critical to enhancing the survival rate and quality of life of cancer patients. However, current chemotherapy monitoring mainly relies on imaging tools with inefficient sensitivity and radiation invasiveness. Herein, we develop the bowl-shaped submicroreactor chip of Au-loaded 3-aminophenol formaldehyde resin (denoted as APF-bowl&Au) with a specifically designed structure and Au loading content. The obtained APF-bowl&Au, used as the matrix of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS), possesses an enhanced localized electromagnetic field for strengthened small metabolite detection. The APF-bowl&Au enables the extraction of serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs), and machine learning of the SMFs achieves chemotherapy monitoring of ovarian cancer with area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.81-0.98. Furthermore, a serum metabolic biomarker panel is preliminarily identified, exhibiting gradual changes as the chemotherapy cycles proceed. This work provides insights into the development of nanochips and contributes to a universal detection platform for chemotherapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Mengji Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Cameron-Alexander H. Price
- The
University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond
Light Source, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratories, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Lin Huang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wanshan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Su
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
| | - Mark Walker
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC,
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Auhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC,
Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Auhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China
- DICP-Surrey
Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process
Engineering, and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Kun Qian
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Di
- State
Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P.R. China
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5
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Abstract
The anisotropy in the shape of polymeric particles has been demonstrated to have many advantages over spherical particulates, including bio-mimetic behavior, shaped-directed flow, deformation, surface adhesion, targeting, motion, and permeability. The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is uniquely suited for synthesizing anisotropic particles as this method allows for simple and versatile replication of diverse colloid geometries with precise control over their chemical and physical properties. This review highlights recent progress in anisotropic particles of micrometer and nanometer sizes produced by a templated multilayer assembly of synthetic and biological macromolecules. Synthetic approaches to produce capsules and hydrogels utilizing anisotropic templates such as biological, polymeric, bulk hydrogel, inorganic colloids, and metal-organic framework crystals as sacrificial templates are overviewed. Structure-property relationships controlled by the anisotropy in particle shape and surface are discussed and compared with their spherical counterparts. Advances and challenges in controlling particle properties through varying shape anisotropy and surface asymmetry are outlined. The perspective applications of anisotropic colloids in biomedicine, including programmed behavior in the blood and tissues as artificial cells, nano-motors/sensors, and intelligent drug carriers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Chemistry Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Chemistry Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,UAB Center for Nanomaterials and Biointegration, UAB O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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6
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Li C, Peng H, Cai J, Li L, Zhang J, Mai Y. Emulsion-Guided Controllable Construction of Anisotropic Particles: Droplet Size Determines Particle Structure. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102930. [PMID: 34170570 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic particles have attracted significant attention due to their alluring features that distinguish them from isotropic particles. One of the most appealing strategies for the synthesis of anisotropic particles is the emulsion-guided method. However, morphological control and the understanding of formation mechanisms have remained a major challenge. Based on a novel mechanism, here, a facile one-pot emulsion-templating method for the tunable construction of anisotropic polymeric particles (APPs) with different defined structures is reported. Three types of monocomponent APPs with new morphologies and sizes in the range of 240-650 nm, including Janus mushroom-like mesoporous poly(m-phenylenediamine) (PmPD) particles, wheel-shaped particles, and acorn-like PmPD particles, are obtained by controlling the average size of the oil droplets in the emulsion. Furthermore, the APPs demonstrate the ability for conversion to nitrogen-doped anisotropic carbon particles (ACPs) by pyrolysis at 800 °C under a N2 atmosphere, thereby inheriting their structures. These novel ACPs show appreciable potential as metal-free electrocatalysts for use in oxygen reduction reactions. Compared to their isotropic counterpart, these ACPs exhibit remarkable advantages such as enhanced specific surface area and pore volume, reduced stacking density, and easy fabrication of continuous and uniform membrane electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haijun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1 Dongxiang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710129, China
| | - Jiandong Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Le Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1 Dongxiang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710129, China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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7
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Hatch HW, McCann GW. Tabular Potentials for Monte Carlo Simulation of Supertoroids with Short-Range Interactions. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2019; 124:1-11. [PMID: 34877184 PMCID: PMC7351571 DOI: 10.6028/jres.124.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a methodology for constructing tabular potentials of supertoroids with short-range interactions, which requires the calculation of the volume of overlap of these shapes for many relative positions and orientations. Recent advances in the synthesis of anisotropic colloids have made experimental realizations of such particles feasible and have increased the practical impact of fundamental simulation studies of these families of shapes. This extends our recent work on superquadric potentials to now include a family of ring-like shapes with a hole in the middle. Along with the addition of supertoroids, the ability to make tables for nonidentical particles and particle pairs with multiple, disconnected overlap volumes was added. Using newly developed extensions to a previously published algorithm, we produced tabular potentials for all of these new cases. The algorithmic developments in this work will enable Monte Carlo simulations of a wider variety of shapes to predict thermodynamic properties over a range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Hatch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Gordon W McCann
- Department of Physics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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8
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Gil M, Moon S, Yoon J, Rhamani S, Shin J, Lee KJ, Lahann J. Compartmentalized Microhelices Prepared via Electrohydrodynamic Cojetting. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800024. [PMID: 29938185 PMCID: PMC6009775 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropically compartmentalized microparticles have attracted increasing interest in areas ranging from sensing, drug delivery, and catalysis to microactuators. Herein, a facile method is reported for the preparation of helically decorated microbuilding blocks, using a modified electrohydrodynamic cojetting method. Bicompartmental microfibers are twisted in situ, during electrojetting, resulting in helical microfibers. Subsequent cryosectioning of aligned fiber bundles provides access to helically decorated microcylinders. The unique helical structure endows the microfibers/microcylinders with several novel functions such as translational motion in response to rotating magnetic fields. Finally, microspheres with helically patterned compartments are obtained after interfacially driven shape shifting of helically decorated microcylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjae Gil
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Moon
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Yoon
- Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Sahar Rhamani
- Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jae‐Won Shin
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Fine Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro (st)Yuseong‐guDaejeon305‐764Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe Institute of Technology76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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9
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Abstract
The need for smart materials in the area of biotechnology has fueled the development of numerous stimuli-responsive polymers. Many of these polymers are responsive to pH, light, temperature, or oxidative stress, and yet very few are responsive toward multiple stimuli. Here we report on the synthesis of a novel dual-stimuli-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer capable of changing its hydrophilic properties upon treatment with UV light (exogenous stimulus) and markers of oxidative stress (endogenous stimulus). From this polymer, smart microparticles and fibers were fabricated and their responses to either stimulus separately and in conjunction were examined. Comparison of the degradation kinetics demonstrated that the polymer became water-soluble only after both oxidation and irradiation with UV light, which resulted in selective degradation of the corresponding particles. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated successful uptake of these particles by Raw 264.7 cells. Such dual-stimuli-responsive particles could have potential applications in drug delivery, imaging, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sokolovskaya
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sahar Rahmani
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Asish C. Misra
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Süd, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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10
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Abstract
Rod-like colloids distort fluid interfaces and interact by capillarity. We explore this interaction at the free surface of aligned nematic liquid crystal films. Naive comparison of capillary and elastic energies suggests that particle assembly would be determined solely by surface tension. Here, we demonstrate that, under certain circumstances, the capillary and elastic effects are complementary and each plays an important role. Particles assemble end-to-end, as dictated by capillarity, and align along the easy axis of the director field, as dictated by elasticity. On curved fluid interfaces, however, curvature capillary energies can overcome the elastic orientations and drive particle migration along curvature gradients. Domains of dominant interaction and their transition are investigated.
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11
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Abstract
Capillarity can be used to direct anisotropic colloidal particles to precise locations and to orient them by using interface curvature as an applied field. We show this in experiments in which the shape of the interface is molded by pinning to vertical pillars of different cross-sections. These interfaces present well-defined curvature fields that orient and steer particles along complex trajectories. Trajectories and orientations are predicted by a theoretical model in which capillary forces and torques are related to Gaussian curvature gradients and angular deviations from principal directions of curvature. Interface curvature diverges near sharp boundaries, similar to an electric field near a pointed conductor. We exploit this feature to induce migration and assembly at preferred locations, and to create complex structures. We also report a repulsive interaction, in which microparticles move away from planar bounding walls along curvature gradient contours. These phenomena should be widely useful in the directed assembly of micro- and nanoparticles with potential application in the fabrication of materials with tunable mechanical or electronic properties, in emulsion production, and in encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Cavallaro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6393; and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6393; and
| | - Eric P. Lewandowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6393; and
| | - Marisa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6393; and
| | - Kathleen J. Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104–6393; and
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