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Peña García VL, Di Chenna PH, Uhrig ML. Amphiphilic Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators Bearing β- S- N-Acetylglucosamine Linked to a Tartaric Acid Scaffold: Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Wheat Germ Agglutinin Binding. Gels 2023; 10:5. [PMID: 38275843 PMCID: PMC10815405 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of carbohydrate-based amphiphiles can lead to colloidal soft materials such as supramolecular gels featuring highly desirable characteristics like biodegradability and biocompatibility. The report herein presents the synthesis, characterization and supramolecular self-assembly, physical gelation and wheat lectin binding of two structurally related amphiphilic compounds having β-S-N-acetylglucosamine residues linked to a 2,3-diacyl-N,N'-dipropargylated-l-tartaric diamide. A 1-thio-β-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine precursor attached to a conveniently functionalized linker with an azido group was synthesized by means of a one-pot procedure followed by deprotection. A click reaction successfully led to the two amphiphiles, which differed in length of the fatty acid attached to the tartaric acid scaffold. Although both compounds are poorly soluble in water and organic solvents, the difference in terms of hydrophilic moieties provided them with distinct supramolecular gelation properties. While the presence of an octadecyl chain produced a hydrogelator, the dodecadecyl homologue would only form weak gels in DMSO. SEM and rheology experiments confirmed the characteristic fibrillar morphology and viscoelastic properties, in agreement with the presence of physical gels. Both amphiphiles were able to interact reversibly with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a lectin that specifically recognizes GlcNAc residues, indicating a potential use in the food industry, as a gluten sensitivity manager, as well as in health-related industries, for example, for drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Leafar Peña García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 3er piso, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Pablo Héctor Di Chenna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 3er piso, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 3er piso, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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2
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Filatova SM, Guseva MK, Bodrova TG, Parshina DV, Budanova UA, Sebyakin YL. Evolutionary Development and Structural Diversity of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides, Peptidometics, and Cationic Amphiphiles Based on Amino Acids. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221130338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Sommers KJ, Michaud ME, Hogue CE, Scharnow AM, Amoo LE, Petersen AA, Carden RG, Minbiole KPC, Wuest WM. Quaternary Phosphonium Compounds: An Examination of Non-Nitrogenous Cationic Amphiphiles That Evade Disinfectant Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:387-397. [PMID: 35077149 PMCID: PMC8996050 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) serve as mainstays in the formulation of disinfectants and antiseptics. However, an over-reliance and misuse of our limited QAC arsenal has driven the development and spread of resistance to these compounds, as well as co-resistance to common antibiotics. Extensive use of these compounds throughout the COVID-19 pandemic thus raises concern for the accelerated proliferation of antimicrobial resistance and demands for next-generation antimicrobials with divergent architectures that may evade resistance. To this end, we endeavored to expand beyond canonical ammonium scaffolds and examine quaternary phosphonium compounds (QPCs). Accordingly, a synthetic and biological investigation into a library of novel QPCs unveiled biscationic QPCs to be effective antimicrobial scaffolds with improved broad-spectrum activities compared to commercial QACs. Notably, a subset of these compounds was found to be less effective against a known QAC-resistant strain of MRSA. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the unique presence of a family of small multiresistant transporter proteins, hypothesized to enable efflux-mediated resistance to QACs and QPCs. Further investigation of this resistance mechanism through efflux-pump inhibition and membrane depolarization assays illustrated the superior ability of P6P-10,10 to perturb the cell membrane and exert the observed broad-spectrum potency compared to its commercial counterparts. Collectively, this work highlights the promise of biscationic phosphonium compounds as next-generation disinfectant molecules with potent bioactivities, thereby laying the foundation for future studies into the synthesis and biological investigation of this nascent antimicrobial class.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cody E. Hogue
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Amber M. Scharnow
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lauren E. Amoo
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Ashley A. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Robert G. Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - Kevin P. C. Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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4
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Feliciano JA, Leitgeb AJ, Schrank CL, Allen RA, Minbiole KPC, Wuest WM, Carden RG. Trivalent sulfonium compounds (TSCs): Tetrahydrothiophene-based amphiphiles exhibit similar antimicrobial activity to analogous ammonium-based amphiphiles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 37:127809. [PMID: 33516911 PMCID: PMC7965331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have focused on new structural motifs to increase bioactivity, but significantly less studied has been the change from ammonium- to sulfonium-based disinfectants. Herein, we report the synthesis of structurally analogous series of quaternary ammonium and trivalent sulfonium compounds (TSCs). The bioactivity profiles of these compounds generally mirror each other, and the antibacterial activity of sulfonium-based THT-18 was found to be comparable to the commercial disinfectant, BAC. The development of these compounds presents a new avenue for further study of disinfectants to combat the growing threat of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - Austin J Leitgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | | | - Ryan A Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, Unites States
| | - Kevin P C Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, Unites States.
| | - Robert G Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, United States.
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5
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Wagalgave SM, Aljabri MD, Bhamidipati K, Shejule DA, Nadimetla DN, Al Kobaisi M, Puvvada N, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. Characteristics of the pH-regulated aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and nanostructure orchestrate via self-assembly of naphthalenediimide–tartaric acid bola-amphiphile: role in cellular uptake. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A naphthalene diimide–tartaric acid conjugate was successfully synthesized, and the influence of tartaric acid on the self-assembly of the NDI–TA scaffold was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopan M. Wagalgave
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
| | - Mahmood D. Aljabri
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia
| | - Keerti Bhamidipati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
| | - Deepak A. Shejule
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Dinesh N. Nadimetla
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne
- Victoria
- Australia
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Applied Biology Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
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6
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Sommers KJ, Bentley BS, Carden RG, Post SJ, Allen RA, Kontos RC, Black JW, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Metallocene QACs: The Incorporation of Ferrocene Moieties into monoQAC and bisQAC Structures. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:467-471. [PMID: 33197298 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the incorporation of metallocene functionalities into a variety of bioactive structures, particularly antimicrobial peptides, we endeavored to broaden the structural variety of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) by the incorporation of the ferrocene moiety. Accordingly, 23 ferrocene-containing mono- and bisQACs were prepared in high yields and tested for activity against a variety of bacteria, including Gram-negative strains and a panel of clinically isolated MRSA strains. Ferrocene QACs were shown to be effective antiseptics with some displaying single-digit micromolar activity against all bacteria tested, demonstrating yet another step in the expansion of structural variety of antiseptic QACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Sommers
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Brian S Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Robert G Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Savannah J Post
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ryan A Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Renee C Kontos
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Jacob W Black
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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7
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Carden RG, Sommers KJ, Schrank CL, Leitgeb AJ, Feliciano JA, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Advancements in the Development of Non-Nitrogen-Based Amphiphilic Antiseptics to Overcome Pathogenic Bacterial Resistance. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1974-1984. [PMID: 32886856 PMCID: PMC8371456 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as common disinfecting agents for the past century has led bacteria to develop resistance to such compounds. Given the alarming increase in resistant strains, new strategies are required to combat this rise in resistance. Recent efforts to probe and combat bacterial resistance have focused on studies of multiQACs. Relatively unexplored, however, have been changes to the primary atom bearing positive charge in these antiseptics. Here we review the current state of the field of both phosphonium and sulfonium amphiphilic antiseptics, both of which hold promise as novel means to address bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Kyle J Sommers
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | | | - Austin J Leitgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Javier A Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kevin P C Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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8
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Leitgeb AJ, Feliciano JA, Sanchez HA, Allen RA, Morrison KR, Sommers KJ, Carden RG, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. Further Investigations into Rigidity-Activity Relationships in BisQAC Amphiphilic Antiseptics. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:667-670. [PMID: 32022457 PMCID: PMC8322965 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-six biscationic quaternary ammonium compounds were efficiently synthesized in one step to examine the effect of molecular geometry of two-carbon linkers on antimicrobial activity. The synthesized compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity against a panel of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While the linker geometry showed only a modest correlation with antimicrobial activity, several of the synthesized bisQACs are promising potential antiseptics due to good antimicrobial activity (MIC≤2 μM) and their higher therapeutic indices compared to previously reported QACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Leitgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | | | - Hugo A. Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | - Ryan A. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | | | - Kyle J. Sommers
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322 (USA)
| | - Robert G. Carden
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085 (USA)
| | - William M. Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322 (USA)
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9
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Barman R, Mondal T, Sarkar J, Sikder A, Ghosh S. Self-Assembled Polyurethane Capsules with Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Gram-Negative E. coli. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:654-663. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tathagata Mondal
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayita Sarkar
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amrita Sikder
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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10
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Almeida MM, Perez KR, Faig A, Uhrich KE, Riske KA. Location of the Positive Charges in Cationic Amphiphiles Modulates Their Mechanism of Action against Model Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14117-14123. [PMID: 31589461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cationic amphiphiles (CAms) with physicochemical properties similar to antimicrobial peptides are promising molecules in the search for alternative antibiotics to which pathogens cannot easily develop resistance. Here, we investigate two types of CAms based on tartaric acid and containing two hydrophobic chains (of 7 or 11 carbons) and two positive charges, located either at the end of the acyl chains (bola-like, B7 and B11) or at the tartaric acid backbone (gemini-like, G7 and G11). The interaction of the CAms with biomimetic membrane models (anionic and neutral liposomes) was studied with zeta potential and dynamic light scattering measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry, and a fluorescent-based leakage assay. We show that the type of molecule determines the mechanism of action of the CAms. Gemini-like molecules (G7 and G11) interact mainly via electrostatics (exothermic process) and reside in the external vesicle leaflet, altering substantially the vesicle surface potential but not causing significant membrane lysis. On the other hand, the interaction of bola-like CAms (B7 and B11) is endothermic and thus entropy-driven, and these molecules reach both membrane leaflets and cause substantial membrane permeabilization, likely after clustering of anionic lipids. The lytic ability is clearly higher against anionic membranes as compared with neutral membranes. Within each class of molecule, longer alkyl chains (i.e., B11 and G11) exhibit higher affinity and lytic ability. Overall, the molecule B11 exhibits a high potential as antimicrobial agent, since it has a high membrane affinity and causes substantial membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio M Almeida
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Katia R Perez
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Karin A Riske
- Departament of Biophysics , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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11
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Kannan R, Prabakaran P, Basu R, Pindi C, Senapati S, Muthuvijayan V, Prasad E. Mechanistic Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Self-Assembled Poly(aryl ether)-Based Amphiphilic Dendrimers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3212-3224. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Palani Prabakaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ruchira Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Chinmai Pindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vignesh Muthuvijayan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat And Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M), Chennai 600036, India
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12
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Moretti A, Weeks RM, Chikindas M, Uhrich KE. Cationic Amphiphiles with Specificity against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: Chemical Composition and Architecture Combat Bacterial Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5557-5567. [PMID: 30888181 PMCID: PMC6832706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule cationic amphiphiles (CAms) were designed to combat the rapid rise in drug-resistant bacteria. CAms were designed to target and compromise the structural integrity of bacteria membranes, leading to cell rupture and death. Discrete structural features of CAms were varied, and structure-activity relationship studies were performed to guide the rational design of potent antimicrobials with desirable selectivity and cytocompatibility profiles. In particular, the effects of cationic conformational flexibility, hydrophobic domain flexibility, and hydrophobic domain architecture were evaluated. Their influence on antimicrobial efficacy in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined, and their safety profiles were established by assessing their impact on mammalian cells. All CAms have a potent activity against bacteria, and hydrophobic domain rigidity and branched architecture contribute to specificity. The insights gained from this project will aid in the optimization of CAm structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Richard M. Weeks
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry and School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Michael Chikindas
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry and School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 501 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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13
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Rani R, Sharma D, Chaturvedi M, Yadav JP. Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210315508666180608081407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants are having immense potential to cure various health ailments
and used as drugs and remedies for the treatment of various diseases since civilization. Medicinal
property of these plants lies in their secondary metabolites which covered various classes like
phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc. Besides this, these secondary metabolites serve as a prototype
to synthesize the new synthetic drugs.
</P><P>
Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of
leaves extracts of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea and characterization of their bioactive
metabolites by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy (GC-MS).
Methods:
Methanol, petroleum ether and water were used for the extract preparation using cold percolation
method. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion assay. The antioxidant
activity of both the plants of Calotropis species was carried out by using different assay. Phytochemical
analysis was carried out by using FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis.
Results:
Methanol extract of both the plants was found to possess highest antioxidant potential in
comparison to other extracts. Methanol extract of C. gigantea and aqueous extract of C. procera
showed the maximum antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. FTIR analysis of
plants extracts indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes,
aliphatic and aromatic amines, allene, sulfoxides, phenyl ester nitrocompounds and imines. GC-MS
analysis of C. procera aqueous extract showed the presence of R-limonene, mannosamine, tridecane,
1-bromo-, 2-propenoic acid, tridecyl ester, pentatriacontane and 1-hexacosene as major phytochemicals.
C. gigantea methanol extract indicated the presence of hentriacontane, eicosane, 3,3-
dimethylnonadecane, pentacosane, 1-hexacosene, pentatriacontane and clocortolone as major phytochemicals.
Conclusion:
This study provides a systematic base for isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals
from the Calotropis plant species and to evaluate their efficacy especially for antioxidant and
antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rani
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Dushyant Sharma
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Chaturvedi
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya Parkash Yadav
- Department of Genetics, M. D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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14
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Kontos RC, Schallenhammer SA, Bentley BS, Morrison KR, Feliciano JA, Tasca JA, Kaplan AR, Bezpalko MW, Kassel WS, Wuest WM, Minbiole KPC. An Investigation into Rigidity-Activity Relationships in BisQAC Amphiphilic Antiseptics. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:83-87. [PMID: 30358105 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one mono- and biscationic quaternary ammonium amphiphiles (monoQACs and bisQACs) were rapidly prepared in order to investigate the effects of rigidity of a diamine core structure on antiseptic activity. As anticipated, the bioactivity against a panel of six bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was strong for bisQAC structures, and is clearly correlated with the length of non-polar side chains. Modest advantages were noted for amide-containing side chains, as compared with straight-chained alkyl substituents. Surprisingly, antiseptics with more rigidly disposed side chains, such as those in DABCO-12,12, showed the highest level of antimicrobial activity, with single-digit MIC values or better against the entire bacterial panel, including sub-micromolar activity against an MRSA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee C Kontos
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | | | - Brian S Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Kelly R Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Javier A Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Julia A Tasca
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Anna R Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark W Bezpalko
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - W Scott Kassel
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kevin P C Minbiole
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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15
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Gallagher TM, Marafino JN, Wimbish BK, Volkers B, Fitzgerald G, McKenna K, Floyd J, Minahan NT, Walsh B, Thompson K, Bruno D, Paneru M, Djikeng S, Masters S, Haji S, Seifert K, Caran KL. Hydra amphiphiles: Using three heads and one tail to influence aggregate formation and to kill pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017. [PMID: 28645045 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydra amphiphiles mimic the morphology of the mythical multi-headed creatures for which they are named. Likewise, when faced with a pathogenic bacterium, some hydra derivatives are as destructive as their fabled counterparts were to their adversaries. This report focuses on eight new tricephalic (triple-headed), single-tailed amphiphiles. Each amphiphile has a mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) core, two benzylic trimethylammonium groups and one dimethylalkylammonium group with a linear hydrophobe ranging from short (C8H17) to ultralong (C22H45). The logarithm of the critical aggregation concentration, log(CAC), decreases linearly with increasing tail length, but with a smaller dependence than that of ionic amphiphiles with fewer head groups. Tail length also affects antibacterial activity; amphiphiles with a linear 18 or 20 carbon atom hydrophobic chain are more effective at killing bacteria than those with shorter or longer chains. Comparison to a recently reported amphiphilic series with three heads and two tails allows for the development of an understanding of the relationship between number of tails and both colloidal and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Gallagher
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - John N Marafino
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA; James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Brenden K Wimbish
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Brandi Volkers
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Gabriel Fitzgerald
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Kristin McKenna
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Jason Floyd
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Nicholas T Minahan
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Brenna Walsh
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Kirstie Thompson
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - David Bruno
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Monica Paneru
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Sybelle Djikeng
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Stephanie Masters
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Suma Haji
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
| | - Kyle Seifert
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Drive, MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
| | - Kevin L Caran
- James Madison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 901 Carrier Drive, MSC 4501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA.
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16
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Self-assembled cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial peptides mimics: Role of hydrophobicity, linkage type, and assembly state. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:343-352. [PMID: 27520722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by high promise using naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to treat infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, cationic amphiphiles (CAms) were strategically designed as synthetic mimics to overcome associated limitations, including high manufacture cost and low metabolic stability. CAms with facially amphiphilic conformation were expected to demonstrate membrane-lytic properties and thus reduce tendency of resistance development. By systematically tuning the hydrophobicity, CAms with optimized compositions exhibited potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity (with minimum inhibitory concentrations in low μg/mL range) as well as negligible hemolytic activity. Electron microscope images revealed the morphological and ultrastructure changes of bacterial membranes induced by CAm treatment and validated their membrane-disrupting mechanism. Additionally, an all-atom molecular dynamics simulation was employed to understand the CAm-membrane interaction on molecular level. This study shows that these CAms can serve as viable scaffolds for designing next generation of AMP mimics as antimicrobial alternatives to combat drug-resistant pathogens.
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