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Feng J, Rodríguez‐Abreu C, Esquena J, Solans C. A Concise Review on Nano‐emulsion Formation by the Phase Inversion Composition (PIC) Method. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering Hohhot China
| | - Carlos Rodríguez‐Abreu
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC‐CSIC) and CIBER en BioingenieríaBiomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi‐Girona 18‐26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Esquena
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC‐CSIC) and CIBER en BioingenieríaBiomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi‐Girona 18‐26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC‐CSIC) and CIBER en BioingenieríaBiomateriales y Nanomedicina, (CIBER‐BBN) Jordi‐Girona 18‐26 08034 Barcelona Spain
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Kumari N, Singh M, Om H, Sachin KM. Philic-phobic chemical dynamics of a 1 st tier dendrimer dispersed o/w nanoemulsion. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12507-12519. [PMID: 35515866 PMCID: PMC9063675 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive, castor and linseed oil (oil-in-water) nanoemulsions were prepared using Tween-20, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0.12 w/w%) with 0.02 w/w% cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), 0.02 w/w% cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), 6.2 w/w% ethyl acetate, 5.5 w/w% ethanol and 7.8 w/w% glycerol as dispersion agents. To study the dispersion effect of trimesoyl 1,3,5-tridimethyl malonate (TTDMM, 1st tier), nanoemulsions were prepared with olive, castor and linseed oil. Their density, viscosity, surface tension and friccohesity measurements at T = (293.15, 303.15, and 315.15) K, hydrodynamic radii, surface excess concentration, surface area per molecule, and antioxidant activities were studied. Dispersion variations of TTDMM on varying surfactant and specific interactions of the hydration spheres and ester moiety of TTDMM with ethyl acetate, ethanol and glycerol linked oil-water-surfactant networks have been established. The variations in physicochemical properties suggest that the oil-TTDMM interaction abilities of the surfactant and co-surfactant moieties in the nanoemulsions cause a hydrophobic segregation. The physicochemical study of both blank and TTDMM loaded nanoemulsions have illustrated the thermodynamic stabilities in terms of hydrophobic-hydrophilic, hydrophilic-hydrophilic, van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal Haryana India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Man Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Hari Om
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology Murthal Haryana India
| | - K M Sachin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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Koroleva M, Nagovitsina T, Yurtov E. Nanoemulsions stabilized by non-ionic surfactants: stability and degradation mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10369-10377. [PMID: 29611566 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07626f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing opinion in the literature is that the main mechanism of O/W nanoemulsion degradation is Ostwald ripening. Nevertheless, the experimental rates of Ostwald ripening are usually several orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical values. This suggests that other mechanisms, such as coalescence, flocculation and subsequent creaming, significantly influence nanoemulsion breakdown. We investigated O/W nanoemulsions stabilized by Brij 30 or by a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 80 and with liquid paraffin as a dispersed phase. The results indicate that Ostwald ripening is the main process leading to nanoemulsion coarsening only in nanoemulsions with low oil phase fractions of up to 0.05. For quasi-steady state conditions the rates of Ostwald ripening are equal to (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-29 and (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10-29 m3 s-1 in nanoemulsions with Brij 30 and Tween 80 & Span 80, respectively. In nanoemulsions with oil phase fractions of 0.15-0.45, different mechanisms are identified. Flocculation prevails over other processes during the first days in nanoemulsions stabilized by Brij 30. Coalescence is the main mechanism of nanoemulsion degradation for long times. An increase in droplet size 5-10 days after nanoemulsion preparation due to Ostwald ripening takes place in the case of nanoemulsion stabilization by Tween 80 and Span 80. The stability behavior of these nanoemulsions at later stages is distinctly affected by coalescence and flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koroleva
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047, Russia.
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Sommerling JH, de Matos MBC, Hildebrandt E, Dessy A, Kok RJ, Nirschl H, Leneweit G. Instability Mechanisms of Water-in-Oil Nanoemulsions with Phospholipids: Temporal and Morphological Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:572-584. [PMID: 29220188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many food preparations, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics use water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions stabilized by phospholipids. Moreover, recent technological developments try to produce liposomes or lipid coated capsules from W/O emulsions, but are faced with colloidal instabilities. To explore these instability mechanisms, emulsification by sonication was applied in three cycles, and the sample stability was studied for 3 h after each cycle. Clearly identifiable temporal structures of instability provide evidence about the emulsion morphology: an initial regime of about 10 min is shown to be governed by coalescence after which Ostwald ripening dominates. Transport via molecular diffusion in Ostwald ripening is commonly based on the mutual solubility of the two phases and is therefore prohibited in emulsions composed of immiscible phases. However, in the case of water in oil emulsified by phospholipids, these form water-loaded reverse micelles in oil, which enable Ostwald ripening despite the low solubility of water in oil, as is shown for squalene. As is proved for the phospholipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), concentrations below the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) form monolayers at the interfaces and smaller droplet sizes. In contrast, phospholipid concentrations above the CAC create complex multilayers at the interface with larger droplet sizes. The key factors for stable W/O emulsions in classical or innovative applications are first, the minimization of the phospholipids' capacity to form reversed micelles, and second, the adaption of the initial phospholipid concentration to the water content to enable an optimized coverage of phospholipids at the interfaces for the intended drop size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Sommerling
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Straße am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Abnoba GmbH , Hohenzollernstraße 16, 75177 Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Maria B C de Matos
- Abnoba GmbH , Hohenzollernstraße 16, 75177 Pforzheim, Germany
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University , 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Hildebrandt
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Straße am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Abnoba GmbH , Hohenzollernstraße 16, 75177 Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Alberto Dessy
- Abnoba GmbH , Hohenzollernstraße 16, 75177 Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Robbert Jan Kok
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University , 3512 JE Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Straße am Forum 8, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gero Leneweit
- Abnoba GmbH , Hohenzollernstraße 16, 75177 Pforzheim, Germany
- Carl Gustav Carus-Institute, Association for the Advancement of Cancer Therapy , Am Eichhof 30, 75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
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