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Shimizu H, Toyoshima R, Isegawa K, Mase K, Nakamura J, Kondoh H. A newly designed compact CEY-XAFS cell in the soft X-ray region and its application to surface XAFS measurements under ambient-pressure conditions without photoinduced side effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2988-2996. [PMID: 35037674 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a newly designed compact cell to measure XAFS spectra with the conversion electron yield (CEY) method in the soft X-ray region under ambient-pressure gas conditions. Secondary electrons generated from the gas and sample by collision of X-ray-absorption-induced Auger electrons are collected by a positively biased collector electrode to obtain XAFS spectra. It was confirmed that this cell is applicable to soft X-ray surface XAFS measurements for different types of materials such as insulating organic materials and metal oxides under 1 bar gas conditions. During the measurements, photoinduced side effects were observed; i.e. photoinduced degradation of organic materials and photoinduced reduction/oxidation of metal oxides. We found that these photoinduced side effects can be sufficiently suppressed by controlling the measuring conditions. The presented measuring approach will enable surface XAFS spectra to be obtained in the soft X-ray region for various types of functional materials under ambient-pressure working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Ryo Toyoshima
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Isegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Junji Nakamura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan. .,Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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Craze AR, Marjo CE, Li F. A complementary characterisation technique for spin crossover materials; the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for future device applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:428-441. [PMID: 34846406 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin crossover (SCO) materials have long been studied for their inherent electronic switchability, which has been well investigated for potential application in electronic and switching devices. As the technologies for the fabrication of thin films and monolayers continue to develop at an exceedingly rapid pace, an emerging challenge for the SCO community has become the characterisation of spin transitions in the surface layers of a material, as well as understanding the origins of discrepancies observed between SCO in thin films and that of the bulk material. For the manufacture of such devices to become a reality, it is crucial to understand how spin crossover is affected by interactions with the substrate material and within thin films. As such, detailed analysis of the surface layers without interference from the substrate material emerged as a critical area of characterisation for future developments in SCO devices. In this regard, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has emerged as a complementary technique for the analysis of SCO in the surface layers of a material, becoming an essential part of a multi-technique protocol that is driving advances in the field. Here we describe the complementary application of XPS to a variety of SCO materials, review major developments and provide illustrative examples of innovations made through surface analysis with XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Craze
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Guda AA, Guda SA, Lomachenko KA, Soldatov MA, Pankin IA, Soldatov AV, Braglia L, Bugaev AL, Martini A, Signorile M, Groppo E, Piovano A, Borfecchia E, Lamberti C. Quantitative structural determination of active sites from in situ and operando XANES spectra: From standard ab initio simulations to chemometric and machine learning approaches. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bas AC, Shalabaeva V, Thompson X, Vendier L, Salmon L, Thibault C, Molnár G, Routaboul L, Bousseksou A. Effects of solvent vapor annealing on the crystallinity and spin crossover properties of thin films of [Fe(HB(tz)3)2]. CR CHIM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li L, Craze AR, Mustonen O, Zenno H, Whittaker JJ, Hayami S, Lindoy LF, Marjo CE, Clegg JK, Aldrich-Wright JR, Li F. A mixed-spin spin-crossover thiozolylimine [Fe4L6]8+ cage. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9935-9938. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01947b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-spin spin-crossover thiozolylimine [Fe4L6]8+ tetrahedral cage is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
| | | | - Outi Mustonen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Hikaru Zenno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Chuo-ku
- Japan
| | - Jacob J. Whittaker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Chuo-ku
- Japan
| | | | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | | | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
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