1
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Bhadbhade MM, Gao J, Rich AM, Marjo CE. Structure of racemic duloxetine hydro-chloride. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:488-493. [PMID: 37151834 PMCID: PMC10162076 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Duloxetine hydro-chloride (trade name Cymbalta) is marketed as a single enanti-omer (S)-N-methyl-3-(naphthalen-1-yl-oxy)-3-(thio-phen-2-yl)propyl-am-in-ium chloride, C18H20NOS+·Cl-, which is twice as effective as the (R)-enanti-omer in serotonin uptake. Here, we report the crystal structure of duloxetine hydro-chloride in its racemic form (space group Pna21), where it shows significant differences in the mol-ecular conformation and packing in its extended structure compared to the previously reported (S)-enanti-omer crystal structure. Mol-ecules of this type, comprising aromatic groups with a single side chain terminated in a protonated secondary amine, are commonly found in active anti-depressants. A Cambridge Structural Database survey of mol-ecules with these features reveals a strong correlation between side-chain conformation and the crystal packing: an extended side chain leads to mol-ecules packed into separated layers of hydro-phobic and ionic hydro-philic phases. By comparison, mol-ecules with bent side chains, such as racemic duloxetine hydro-chloride, lead to crystal-packing motifs where an ionic hydro-philic phase is encapsulated within a hydro-phobic shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan M. Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Jiabin Gao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anne M. Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, UNSW, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Min H, Craze AR, Wallis MJ, Tokunaga R, Taira T, Hirai Y, Bhadbhade MM, Fanna DJ, Marjo CE, Hayami S, Lindoy LF, Li F. Spin Crossover Induced by Changing the Identity of the Secondary Metal Ion from Pd II to Ni II in a Face-Centered Fe II 8 M II 6 Cubic Cage. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203742. [PMID: 36550089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Discrete spin crossover (SCO) heteronuclear cages are a rare class of materials which have potential use in next-generation molecular transport and catalysis. Previous investigations of cubic cage [Fe8 Pd6 L8 ]28+ constructed using semi-rigid metalloligands, found that FeII centers of the cage did not undergo spin transition. In this work, substitution of the secondary metal center at the face of the cage resulted in SCO behavior, evidenced by magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Structural comparisons of these two cages shed light on the possible interplay of inter- and intramolecular interactions associated with SCO in the NiII analogue, 1 ([Fe8 Ni6 L8 (CH3 CN)12 ]28+ ). The distorted octahedral coordination environment, as well as the occupation of the CH3 CN in the NiII axial positions of 1, prevented close packing of cages observed in the PdII analogue. This led to offset, distant packing arrangements whereby important areas within the cage underwent dramatic structural changes with the exhibition of SCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsung Min
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Alexander R Craze
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3Ta, UK
| | - Matthew J Wallis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ryuya Tokunaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Taira
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Mohan M Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fanna
- Advanced Materials Characterisation Facility, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry F11, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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3
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Tahery S, Munroe P, Marjo CE, Rawal A, Horvat J, Mohammed M, Webber JBW, Arns JY, Arns CH, Pan G, Bian R, Joseph S. A comparison between the characteristics of a biochar-NPK granule and a commercial NPK granule for application in the soil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 832:155021. [PMID: 35390373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Continual application of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer may not return a profit to farmers due to the costs of application and the loss of NPK from soil in various ways. Thus, a combination of NPK granule with a porous biochar (termed here as BNPK) appears to offer multiple benefits resulting from the excellent properties of biochar. Given the lack of information on the properties of NPK and BNPK fertilizers, it is necessary to investigate the characteristics of both to achieve a good understanding of why BNPK granule is superior to NPK granule. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of a maize straw biochar mixed with NPK granule, before and after application to soil, and compare them to those for a commercial NPK granule. The BNPK granule, with a greater surface area and porosity, showed a higher capacity to store and donate electrons than the NPK granule. Relatively lower concentrations of Ca, P, K, Si and Mg were dissolved from the BNPK, indicating the ability of the BNPK granule to maintain these mineral elements and reduce dissolution rate. To study the nutrient storage mechanism of the BNPK granule in the soil, short- and long-term leaching experiments were conducted. During the experiments, organo-mineral clusters, comprising C, P, K, Si, Al and Fe, were formed on the surface and inside the biochar pores. However, BNPK was not effective in reducing N leaching, in the absence of plants, in a red chromosol soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tahery
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph Horvat
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Mohanad Mohammed
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - J Beau W Webber
- Lab-Tools Ltd., Marlowe Innovation Centre, Marlowe Way, Ramsgate CT12 6FA, UK
| | - Ji-Youn Arns
- CJEL Digital Imaging Education Solution Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2034, Australia
| | - Christoph H Arns
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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4
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Ramadhan ZR, Poerwoprajitno AR, Cheong S, Webster RF, Kumar PV, Cychy S, Gloag L, Benedetti TM, Marjo CE, Muhler M, Wang DW, Gooding JJ, Schuhmann W, Tilley RD. Introducing Stacking Faults into Three-Dimensional Branched Nickel Nanoparticles for Improved Catalytic Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11094-11098. [PMID: 35713612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Creating high surface area nanocatalysts that contain stacking faults is a promising strategy to improve catalytic activity. Stacking faults can tune the reactivity of the active sites, leading to improved catalytic performance. The formation of branched metal nanoparticles with control of the stacking fault density is synthetically challenging. In this work, we demonstrate that varying the branch width by altering the size of the seed that the branch grows off is an effective method to precisely tune the stacking fault density in branched Ni nanoparticles. A high density of stacking faults across the Ni branches was found to lower the energy barrier for Ni2+/Ni3+ oxidation and result in enhanced activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxylmethylfurfural. These results show the ability to synthetically control the stacking fault density in branched nanoparticles as a basis for enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeno R Ramadhan
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard F Webster
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Steffen Cychy
- Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tania M Benedetti
- School of Environment and Science and Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Shaw B, Hawkins S, Becerra-Valdivia L, Turney CSM, Coxe S, Kewibu V, Haro J, Miamba K, Leclerc M, Spriggs M, Privat K, Haberle S, Hopf F, Hull E, Pengilley A, Brown S, Marjo CE, Jacobsen G. Frontier Lapita interaction with resident Papuan populations set the stage for initial peopling of the Pacific. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:802-812. [PMID: 35449459 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The initial peopling of the remote Pacific islands was one of the greatest migrations in human history, beginning three millennia ago by Lapita cultural groups. The spread of Lapita out of an ancestral Asian homeland is a dominant narrative in the origins of Pacific peoples, and although Island New Guinea has long been recognized as a springboard for the peopling of Oceania, the role of Indigenous populations in this remarkable phase of exploration remains largely untested. Here, we report the earliest evidence for Lapita-introduced animals, turtle bone technology and repeated obsidian import in southern New Guinea 3,480-3,060 years ago, synchronous with the establishment of the earliest known Lapita settlements 700 km away. Our findings precede sustained Lapita migrations and pottery introductions by several centuries, occur alongside Indigenous technologies and suggest continued multicultural influences on population diversity despite language replacement. Our work shows that initial Lapita expansion throughout Island New Guinea was more expansive than previously considered, with Indigenous contact influencing migration pathways and island-hopping strategies that culminated in rapid and purposeful Pacific-wide settlement. Later Lapita dispersals through New Guinea were facilitated by earlier contact with Indigenous populations and profoundly influenced the region as a global centre of cultural and linguistic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shaw
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. .,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, School of Culture, History and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, School of Culture, History and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. .,School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | - Stuart Hawkins
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Lorena Becerra-Valdivia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Chronos 14Carbon Cycle Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris S M Turney
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Chronos 14Carbon Cycle Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Division of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Coxe
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Monash Indigenous Studies Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Kewibu
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Jemina Haro
- National Museum and Art Gallery of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kenneth Miamba
- National Museum and Art Gallery of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Matthew Spriggs
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Vanuatu Cultural Centre, Port Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Karen Privat
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Haberle
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, School of Culture, History and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Felicitas Hopf
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, School of Culture, History and Language, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Emily Hull
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alana Pengilley
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Brown
- Institute for Scientific Archaeology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Chronos 14Carbon Cycle Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geraldine Jacobsen
- Centre for Accelerator Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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McDonough LK, Andersen MS, Behnke MI, Rutlidge H, Oudone P, Meredith K, O'Carroll DM, Santos IR, Marjo CE, Spencer RGM, McKenna AM, Baker A. A new conceptual framework for the transformation of groundwater dissolved organic matter. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2153. [PMID: 35444183 PMCID: PMC9021313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater comprises 95% of the liquid fresh water on Earth and contains a diverse mix of dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecules which play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Currently, the storage times and degradation pathways of groundwater DOM are unclear, preventing an accurate estimate of groundwater carbon sources and sinks for global carbon budgets. Here we reveal the transformations of DOM in aging groundwater using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry combined with radiocarbon dating. Long-term anoxia and a lack of photodegradation leads to the removal of oxidised DOM and a build-up of both reduced photodegradable formulae and aerobically biolabile formulae with a strong microbial signal. This contrasts with the degradation pathway of DOM in oxic marine, river, and lake systems. Our findings suggest that processes such as groundwater extraction and subterranean groundwater discharge to oceans could result in up to 13 Tg of highly photolabile and aerobically biolabile groundwater dissolved organic carbon released to surface environments per year, where it can be rapidly degraded. These findings highlight the importance of considering groundwater DOM in global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza K McDonough
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia. .,Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan I Behnke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Isaac R Santos
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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7
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McCurry MR, Cantrill DJ, Smith PM, Beattie R, Dettmann M, Baranov V, Magee C, Nguyen JMT, Forster MA, Hinde J, Pogson R, Wang H, Marjo CE, Vasconcelos P, Frese M. A Lagerstätte from Australia provides insight into the nature of Miocene mesic ecosystems. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm1406. [PMID: 34995110 PMCID: PMC8741189 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduced precipitation in the Miocene triggered the geographic contraction of rainforest ecosystems around the world. In Australia, this change was particularly pronounced; mesic rainforest ecosystems that once dominated the landscape transformed into the shrublands, grasslands, and deserts of today. A lack of well-preserved fossils has made it difficult to understand the nature of Australian ecosystems before the aridification. Here, we report on an exceptionally well-preserved rainforest biota from New South Wales, Australia. This Konservat-Lagerstätte hosts a rich diversity of microfossils, plants, insects, spiders, and vertebrate remains preserved in goethite. We document evidence for several species interactions including predation, parasitism, and pollination. The fossils are indicative of an oxbow lake in a mesic rainforest and suggest that rainforest distributions have shifted since the Miocene. The variety of fossils preserved, together with high fidelity of preservation, allows for unprecedented insights into the mesic ecosystems that dominated Australia during the Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. McCurry
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - David J. Cantrill
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Private Bag 2000, South Yarra, Victoria 3141, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Smith
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Robert Beattie
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Mary Dettmann
- Geosciences, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Viktor Baranov
- Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Biocenter, Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Charles Magee
- Geoscience Australia, Symonston 2609, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M. T. Nguyen
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Marnie A. Forster
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Jack Hinde
- Illawarra Environmental Education Centre, Shell Cove, New South Wales 2529, Australia
| | - Ross Pogson
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Helen Wang
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Paulo Vasconcelos
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Frese
- Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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8
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Craze AR, Marjo CE, Li F. A complementary characterisation technique for spin crossover materials; the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for future device applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:428-441. [PMID: 34846406 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin crossover (SCO) materials have long been studied for their inherent electronic switchability, which has been well investigated for potential application in electronic and switching devices. As the technologies for the fabrication of thin films and monolayers continue to develop at an exceedingly rapid pace, an emerging challenge for the SCO community has become the characterisation of spin transitions in the surface layers of a material, as well as understanding the origins of discrepancies observed between SCO in thin films and that of the bulk material. For the manufacture of such devices to become a reality, it is crucial to understand how spin crossover is affected by interactions with the substrate material and within thin films. As such, detailed analysis of the surface layers without interference from the substrate material emerged as a critical area of characterisation for future developments in SCO devices. In this regard, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has emerged as a complementary technique for the analysis of SCO in the surface layers of a material, becoming an essential part of a multi-technique protocol that is driving advances in the field. Here we describe the complementary application of XPS to a variety of SCO materials, review major developments and provide illustrative examples of innovations made through surface analysis with XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Craze
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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9
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Chen G, Taherymoosavi S, Cheong S, Yin Y, Akter R, Marjo CE, Rich AM, Mitchell DRG, Fan X, Chew J, Pan G, Li L, Bian R, Horvat J, Mohammed M, Munroe P, Joseph S. Advanced characterization of biomineralization at plaque layer and inside rice roots amended with iron- and silica-enhanced biochar. Sci Rep 2021; 11:159. [PMID: 33420245 PMCID: PMC7794488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of iron (Fe)- and silica (Si)-enhanced biochar compound fertilisers (BCF) stimulates rice yield by increasing plant uptake of mineral nutrients. With alterations of the nutrient status in roots, element homeostasis (e.g., Fe) in the biochar-treated rice root was related to the formation of biominerals on the plaque layer and in the cortex of roots. However, the in situ characteristics of formed biominerals at the micron and sub-micron scale remain unknown. In this study, rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) were grown in paddy soil treated with BCF and conventional fertilizer, respectively, for 30 days. The biochar-induced changes in nutrient accumulation in roots, and the elemental composition, distribution and speciation of the biomineral composites formed in the biochar-treated roots at the micron and sub-micron scale, were investigated by a range of techniques. Results of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) showed that biochar treatment significantly increased concentrations of nutrients (e.g., Fe, Si, and P) inside the root. Raman mapping and vibrating sample magnetometry identified biochar particles and magnetic Fe nanoparticles associated with the roots. With Fe plaque formation, higher concentrations of FeOx- and FeOxH- anions on the root surface than the interior were detected by time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Analysis of data from scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and from scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with EDS or energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS), determined that Fe(III) oxide nanoparticles were accumulated in the crystalline fraction of the plaque and were co-localized with Si and P on the root surface. Iron-rich nanoparticles (Fe-Si nanocomposites with mixed oxidation states of Fe and ferritin) in the root cortex were identified by using aberration-corrected STEM and in situ EELS analysis, confirming the biomineralization and storage of Fe in the rice root. The findings from this study highlight that the deposition of Fe-rich nanocomposites occurs with contrasting chemical speciation in the Fe plaque and cortex of the rice root. This provides an improved understanding of the element homeostasis in rice with biochar-mineral fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Chen
- grid.464309.c0000 0004 6431 5677National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
| | - Sarasadat Taherymoosavi
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yao Yin
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Rabeya Akter
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Anne M. Rich
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - David R. G. Mitchell
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XElectron Microscopy Centre, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2517 Australia
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinkiat Chew
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Genxing Pan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Lianqing Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Joseph Horvat
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XInstitute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Mohanad Mohammed
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XInstitute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Paul Munroe
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Stephen Joseph
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia ,grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XInstitute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
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10
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Yao Y, Aldilla VR, Bhadbhade M, Bhattacharyya S, Gong B, Kumar N, Rich AM, Sando D, Cheong S, Tilley R, Yin S, Marjo CE. Synthetic Bilayers on Mica from Self-Assembly of Hydrogen-Bonded Triazines. Langmuir 2020; 36:13301-13311. [PMID: 33108206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes organic thin films prepared under a range of conditions from a model series of bis-N-alkyl chloro-triazines functionalized with short alkyl chains from ethyl to hexyl. The pure films were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). When cast on mica, these compounds assemble as crystalline sheets made up of a synthetic bilayer along the crystallographic ab-plane with an internal hydrogen-bonded domain between external alkyl chains. These micron-scale surfaces stack along the c-axis, and increasing the alkyl chain length results in changes to the crystal morphology from needles to nanoscale plates. Thicker films produce nanoscale, pyramidal stacks of bilayers. Compared to atomically flat mica, a rougher, unetched silicon substrate produced irregular domains in the secondary bilayer. Films of mixtures comprising the ethyl derivative with butyl, pentyl, or hexyl derivative were imaged using time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) that indicated a trend toward a constant stoichiometry with increasing alkyl chain length. AFM of mixed films on mica showed single bilayers of height <2 nm, with an acceptable correlation to the XRD measurements, supporting a constant stoichiometry. These materials permit easy modification of mica to a micron-scale, atomically flat hydrophobic surface, and the use of mixtures with different alkyl chain lengths suggests a method to improve the quality of functional organic thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yao
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vina R Aldilla
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Saroj Bhattacharyya
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bin Gong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anne M Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel Sando
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard Tilley
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Songyan Yin
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Room G61, Chemical Sciences Building (F10), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Poerwoprajitno AR, Gloag L, Watt J, Cychy S, Cheong S, Kumar PV, Benedetti TM, Deng C, Wu K, Marjo CE, Huber DL, Muhler M, Gooding JJ, Schuhmann W, Wang D, Tilley RD. Faceted Branched Nickel Nanoparticles with Tunable Branch Length for High-Activity Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Biomass. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15487-15491. [PMID: 32449976 PMCID: PMC7497201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the formation of nanosized branched nanoparticles with high uniformity is one of the major challenges in synthesizing nanocatalysts with improved activity and stability. Using a cubic-core hexagonal-branch mechanism to form highly monodisperse branched nanoparticles, we vary the length of the nickel branches. Lengthening the nickel branches, with their high coverage of active facets, is shown to improve activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), as an example for biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Gloag
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated NanotechnologiesLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Steffen Cychy
- Industrial ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Priyank V. Kumar
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Tania M. Benedetti
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Chen Deng
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Kuang‐Hsu Wu
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center for Integrated NanotechnologiesSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM87185USA
| | - Martin Muhler
- Industrial ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicineThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry—Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Da‐Wei Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of ChemistryThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical CentreThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicineThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia
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12
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Poerwoprajitno AR, Gloag L, Watt J, Cychy S, Cheong S, Kumar PV, Benedetti TM, Deng C, Wu K, Marjo CE, Huber DL, Muhler M, Gooding JJ, Schuhmann W, Wang D, Tilley RD. Facettierte verzweigte Nickel‐Nanopartikel mit variierbarer Verzweigungslänge für die hochaktive elektrokatalytische Oxidation von Biomasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Steffen Cychy
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Priyank V. Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Tania M. Benedetti
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Chen Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Kuang‐Hsu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 87185 USA
| | - Martin Muhler
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytische Chemie – Zentrum für Elektrochemie (CES) Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Da‐Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australien
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13
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McDonough LK, O'Carroll DM, Meredith K, Andersen MS, Brügger C, Huang H, Rutlidge H, Behnke MI, Spencer RGM, McKenna A, Marjo CE, Oudone P, Baker A. Changes in groundwater dissolved organic matter character in a coastal sand aquifer due to rainfall recharge. Water Res 2020; 169:115201. [PMID: 31675607 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater is fundamentally important with respect to biogeochemical reactions, global carbon cycling, heavy metal transport, water treatability and potability. One source of DOM to groundwater is from the transport of organic matter from the vadose zone by rainfall recharge. Changes in precipitation patterns associated with natural climate variability and climate change are expected to alter the load and character of organic matter released from these areas, which ultimately impacts on groundwater quality and DOM treatability. In order to investigate potential changes in groundwater DOM character after rainfall recharge, we sampled shallow groundwater from a coastal peat-rich sand aquifer in New South Wales, Australia, during an extended period of low precipitation (average daily precipitation rate < 1.6 mm day-1 over the 8 months prior to sampling), and after two heavy precipitation events (84 mm day-1 and 98 mm day-1 respectively). We assess changes in DOM composition after correcting for dilution by a novel combination of two advanced analytical techniques: liquid chromatography organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We also assess changes in water chemistry pre- and post-rainfall. Post-rainfall, we show that the dilution-corrected amount of highly aromatic DOM molecular formulae (i.e. those categorised into the groups polyphenolics and condensed aromatics) were 1.7 and 2.0 times higher respectively than in pre-rainfall samples. We attribute this to the flushing of peat-derived DOM from buried organic material into the groundwater. We also identify that periods of low precipitation can lead to low hydrophilic/HOC ratios in groundwater (median = 4.9, n = 14). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to compare the HOC fraction with FT-ICR MS compound groups. We show that HOC has a more aromatic character in pre-rainfall samples, and is less similar to the aromatic groups in post-rainfall samples. This suggests that the decline in water-borne hydrophobics observed post-rainfall could be associated with preferential adsorption of the hydrophobic aromatic DOM, making post-rainfall samples less treatable for potable water supply. Post-rainfall we also observe significant increases in arsenic (leading to concentrations greater than 3 times the World Health Organisation drinking water limit of 10 μg / L). Increases in coastal rainfall due to climate change may therefore alter the composition of groundwater DOM in coastal peatland areas in ways that may impact DOM bioavailability, and increase arsenic concentrations, reducing the ease of water treatment for human consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the chemical and molecular changes of shallow groundwater DOM pre-rainfall and post-rainfall in a sedimentary organic carbon rich environment through multiple analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza K McDonough
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karina Meredith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Martin S Andersen
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Clément Brügger
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hanxue Huang
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan I Behnke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Florida, 32310, USA
| | - Amy McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-4005, USA
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Phetdala Oudone
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andy Baker
- Connected Waters Initiative Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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14
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Aldilla VR, Chen R, Martin AD, Marjo CE, Rich AM, Black DS, Thordarson P, Kumar N. Anthranilamide-based Short Peptides Self-Assembled Hydrogels as Antibacterial Agents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:770. [PMID: 31964927 PMCID: PMC6972728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the synthesis and molecular properties of anthranilamide-based short peptides which were synthesised via ring opening of isatoic anhydride in excellent yields. These short peptides were incorporated as low molecular weight gelators (LMWG), bola amphiphile, and C3-symmetric molecules to form hydrogels in low concentrations (0.07-0.30% (w/v)). The critical gel concentration (CGC), viscoelastic properties, secondary structure, and fibre morphology of these short peptides were influenced by the aromaticity of the capping group or by the presence of electronegative substituent (namely fluoro) and hydrophobic substituent (such as methyl) in the short peptides. In addition, the hydrogels showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus 38 and moderate toxicity against HEK cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina R Aldilla
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Adam D Martin
- Dementia Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anne M Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - David StC Black
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney NSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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15
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Craze AR, Bhadbhade MM, Komatsumaru Y, Marjo CE, Hayami S, Li F. A Rare Example of a Complete, Incomplete, and Non-Occurring Spin Transition in a [Fe2L3]X4 Series Driven by a Combination of Solvent-and Halide-Anion-Mediated Steric Factors. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1274-1283. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Craze
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Mohan M. Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yuki Komatsumaru
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku 860-8555, Japan
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku 860-8555, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
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16
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Fanna DJ, Craze AR, Etchells I, Bhattacharyya S, Clegg JK, Moore EG, Marjo CE, Trinchi A, Wei G, Reynolds JK, Li F. Anion tuning of Zn 2+ architectures using a Tris-base salicylic ligand. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a hydroxyl-rich Schiff base ligand, H4L, and its resulting complexes with ZnCl2, Zn(CH3COO)2 and Zn(ClO4)2 were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Fanna
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing
| | | | - Isaac Etchells
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | | | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Evan G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | | | | | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Lindfield
- Australia
| | - Jason K. Reynolds
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
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17
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Li L, Craze AR, Mustonen O, Zenno H, Whittaker JJ, Hayami S, Lindoy LF, Marjo CE, Clegg JK, Aldrich-Wright JR, Li F. A mixed-spin spin-crossover thiozolylimine [Fe4L6]8+ cage. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9935-9938. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01947b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mixed-spin spin-crossover thiozolylimine [Fe4L6]8+ tetrahedral cage is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
| | | | - Outi Mustonen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Hikaru Zenno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Chuo-ku
- Japan
| | - Jacob J. Whittaker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Chuo-ku
- Japan
| | | | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | | | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
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18
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Giardina M, Cheong S, Marjo CE, Clode PL, Guagliardo P, Pickford R, Pernice M, Seymour JR, Raina JB. Quantifying Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation by Synechococcus Using Bulk and Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry: A Comparative Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2847. [PMID: 30538685 PMCID: PMC6277480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms drive most of the major biogeochemical cycles in the ocean, but the rates at which individual species assimilate and transform key elements is generally poorly quantified. One of these important elements is nitrogen, with its availability limiting primary production across a large proportion of the ocean. Nitrogen uptake by marine microbes is typically quantified using bulk-scale approaches, such as Elemental Analyzer-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA-IRMS), which averages uptake over entire communities, masking microbial heterogeneity. However, more recent techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), allow for elucidation of assimilation rates at the scale at which they occur: the single-cell level. Here, we combine and compare the application of bulk (EA-IRMS) and single-cell approaches (NanoSIMS and Time-of-Flight-SIMS) for quantifying the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by the ubiquitous marine primary producer Synechococcus. We aimed to contrast the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and showcase their complementarity. Our results show that the average assimilation of 15N by Synechococcus differed based on the technique used: values derived from EA-IRMS were consistently higher than those derived from SIMS, likely due to a combination of previously reported systematic depletion as well as differences in sample preparation. However, single-cell approaches offered additional layers of information, whereby NanoSIMS allowed for the quantification of the metabolic heterogeneity among individual cells and ToF-SIMS enabled identification of nitrogen assimilation into peptides. We suggest that this coupling of stable isotope-based approaches has great potential to elucidate the metabolic capacity and heterogeneity of microbial cells in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giardina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta L. Clode
- Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin R. Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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19
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Gloag L, Benedetti TM, Cheong S, Marjo CE, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD. Cubic-Core Hexagonal-Branch Mechanism To Synthesize Bimetallic Branched and Faceted Pd–Ru Nanoparticles for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12760-12764. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tania M. Benedetti
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D. Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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20
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Gloag L, Benedetti TM, Cheong S, Webster RF, Marjo CE, Gooding JJ, Tilley RD. Pd-Ru core-shell nanoparticles with tunable shell thickness for active and stable oxygen evolution performance. Nanoscale 2018; 10:15173-15177. [PMID: 30074032 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For Ru nanoparticles to be effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts an approach is needed that stabilizes Ru while retaining high activity. Here, we present a synthesis for Pd-Ru core-shell nanoparticles with tunable shell thicknesses between 0.3-1.2 nm. The Pd core stabilizes the Ru shell to increase the stability by up to 10×, while maintaining the high current densities of pure Ru nanoparticles. Results show that the activity and stability of the nanoparticles is highly dependent on the nanoparticle shell thickness, with thin Ru shells and full coverage of the Pd core being vital for increasing both activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gloag
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tania M Benedetti
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard F Webster
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia and Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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Craze AR, Howard-Smith KJ, Bhadbhade MM, Mustonen O, Kepert CJ, Marjo CE, Li F. Investigation of the High-Temperature Spin-Transition of a Mononuclear Iron(II) Complex Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6503-6510. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Craze
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Kyle J. Howard-Smith
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Mohan M. Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Outi Mustonen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cameron J. Kepert
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia
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22
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Joseph S, Kammann CI, Shepherd JG, Conte P, Schmidt HP, Hagemann N, Rich AM, Marjo CE, Allen J, Munroe P, Mitchell DRG, Donne S, Spokas K, Graber ER. Microstructural and associated chemical changes during the composting of a high temperature biochar: Mechanisms for nitrate, phosphate and other nutrient retention and release. Sci Total Environ 2018; 618:1210-1223. [PMID: 29126641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of the nutrient status of biochar and soils prior to its inclusion in particular agricultural systems. Pre-treatment of nutrient-reactive biochar, where nutrients are loaded into pores and onto surfaces, gives improved yield outcomes compared to untreated biochar. In this study we have used a wide selection of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of nutrient retention in a high temperature wood biochar, which had negative effects on Chenopodium quinoa above ground biomass yield when applied to the system without prior nutrient loading, but positive effects when applied after composting. We have compared non-composted biochar (BC) with composted biochar (BCC) to elucidate the differences which may have led to these results. The results of our investigation provide evidence for a complex series of reactions during composting, where dissolved nutrients are first taken up into biochar pores along a concentration gradient and through capillary action, followed by surface sorption and retention processes which block biochar pores and result in deposition of a nutrient-rich organomineral (plaque) layer. The lack of such pretreatment in the BC samples would render it reactive towards nutrients in a soil-fertilizer system, making it a competitor for, rather than provider of, nutrients for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Joseph
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; University of New South Wales, School of Material Science and Engineering, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Electron Microscopy Centre, Australian Institute for Advanced Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2517, Australia.
| | - Claudia I Kammann
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Working Group Climate Change Research for Special Crops, University Geisenheim, Von-Lade Str. 1, D-65366 Geisenheim, Germany.
| | - Jessica G Shepherd
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, EH9 3BZ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pellegrino Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, viale delle Scienze ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Schmidt
- Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies, Ancienne Eglise 9, 1974 Arbaz, Switzerland
| | - Nikolas Hagemann
- Geomicrobiology, Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tuebingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne M Rich
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jessica Allen
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia.
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Australian Institute for Advanced Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2517, Australia.
| | - Scott Donne
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; University of New South Wales, School of Material Science and Engineering, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Kurt Spokas
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Soil and Water Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ellen R Graber
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O.B. 15159, Rishon LeTzion 7528809, Israel
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23
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Li L, Craze AR, Akiyoshi R, Tsukiashi A, Hayami S, Mustonen O, Bhadbhade MM, Bhattacharyya S, Marjo CE, Wang Y, Lindoy LF, Aldrich-Wright JR, Li F. Direct monitoring of spin transitions in a dinuclear triple-stranded helicate iron(ii) complex through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2543-2548. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
VT-XPS shows that the spin behaviour is reversible between the HS and LS states in a new dinuclear helicate iron(ii) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
| | | | - Ryohei Akiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Japan
| | - Asami Tsukiashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Japan
| | - Outi Mustonen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Mohan M. Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Saroj Bhattacharyya
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy
- Gold Coast Campus
- Griffith University
- Australia
| | | | | | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health
- Western Sydney University
- Penrith
- Australia
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24
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Aldilla VR, Martin AD, Nizalapur S, Marjo CE, Rich AM, Ho KKK, Ittner LM, Black DS, Thordarson P, Kumar N. Glyoxylamide-based self-assembly hydrogels for sustained ciprofloxacin delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6089-6098. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxylamide-based hydrogels have high ciprofloxacin (CIP) loading capacity and demonstrate a sustained release profile of over 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam D. Martin
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
- The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
| | | | | | - Anne M. Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Lars M. Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit
- School of Medical Sciences
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
- The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW
- Sydney
- Australia
- The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
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25
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Rafiq MK, Joseph SD, Li F, Bai Y, Shang Z, Rawal A, Hook JM, Munroe PR, Donne S, Taherymoosavi S, Mitchell DRG, Pace B, Mohammed M, Horvat J, Marjo CE, Wagner A, Wang Y, Ye J, Long RJ. Pyrolysis of attapulgite clay blended with yak dung enhances pasture growth and soil health: Characterization and initial field trials. Sci Total Environ 2017; 607-608:184-194. [PMID: 28689123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the pyrolysis of biomass combined with clay can result in both lower cost and increase in plant yields. One of the major sources of nutrients for pasture growth, as well as fuel and building materials in Tibet is yak dung. This paper reports on the initial field testing in a pasture setting in Tibet using yak dung, biochar, and attapulgite clay/yak dung biochars produced at ratios of 10/90 and 50/50 clay to dung. We found that the treatment with attapulgite clay/yak dung (50/50) biochar resulted in the highest pasture yields and grass nutrition quality. We also measured the properties and yields of mixtures of clay/yak dung biochar used in the field trials produced at 400°C and 500°C to help determine a possible optimum final pyrolysis temperature and dung/clay ratio. It was observed that increasing clay content increased carbon stability, overall biochar yield, pore size, carboxyl and ketone/aldehyde functional groups, hematite and ferrous/ferric sulphate/thiosulphate concentration, surface area and magnetic moment. Decreasing clay content resulted in higher pH, CEC, N content and an enhanced ability to accept and donate electrons. The resulting properties were a complex function of both processing temperature and the percentage of clay for the biochars processed at both 400°C and 500°C. It is possible that the increase in yield and nutrient uptake in the field trial is related to the higher concentration of C/O functional groups, higher surface area and pore volume and higher content of Fe/O/S nanoparticles of multiple oxidation state in the 50/50 clay/dung. These properties have been found to significantly increase the abundance of beneficial microorganisms and hence improve the nutrient cycling and availability in soil. Further field trials are required to determine the optimum pyrolysis production conditions and application rate on the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, yields and nutrient quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid Rafiq
- College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Directorate of Range Mgt and Forestry, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Stephen D Joseph
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Office C325, Chemistry, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fei Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanfu Bai
- College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Aditya Rawal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James M Hook
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paul R Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Scott Donne
- University of Newcastle, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Office C325, Chemistry, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Sara Taherymoosavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, AIIM, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia
| | - Ben Pace
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohanad Mohammed
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Joseph Horvat
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Avital Wagner
- Department of Materials Science, Ben Gurion University, 8410501 Negev, Israel
| | - Yanlong Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rui-Jun Long
- College of Pastoral Agriculture, Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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26
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Li L, Neville SM, Craze AR, Clegg JK, Sciortino NF, Arachchige KSA, Mustonen O, Marjo CE, McRae CR, Kepert CJ, Lindoy LF, Aldrich-Wright JR, Li F. Spin-State Patterning in an Iron(II) Tripodal Spin-Crossover Complex. ACS Omega 2017; 2:3349-3353. [PMID: 31457658 PMCID: PMC6641455 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A mononuclear iron(II) complex that displays a gradual two-step spin-crossover (SCO) transition is reported. The intermediate plateau (IP) occurs between HS0.40LS0.60 and HS0.30LS0.70 (HS = high spin; LS = low spin) ratios over the region of ca. 190-170 K. A phase change occurs at the IP, breaking the symmetry, resulting in six independent SCO sites compared to one at the 100% HS and LS plateau regions, respectively. Variable-temperature X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the SCO behavior is completely reversible among the HS, IP, and LS regions. The results both confirm and extend the related results for the above system described by Halcrow et al. (Kulmaczewski R.; Cespedes O.; Halcrow M. A.Gradual Thermal Spin-Crossover Mediated By a Reentrant Z' = 1 → Z' = 6 → Z' = 1 Phase Transition, Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 3144-3148) in a recent report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School
of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | | | - Alexander R. Craze
- School
of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | | | - Outi Mustonen
- Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, University
of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark
Wainwright Analytical Centre, University
of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McRae
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Cameron J. Kepert
- School
of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Leonard F. Lindoy
- School
of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Janice R. Aldrich-Wright
- School
of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Feng Li
- School
of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
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27
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Raina JB, Clode PL, Cheong S, Bougoure J, Kilburn MR, Reeder A, Forêt S, Stat M, Beltran V, Thomas-Hall P, Tapiolas D, Motti CM, Gong B, Pernice M, Marjo CE, Seymour JR, Willis BL, Bourne DG. Subcellular tracking reveals the location of dimethylsulfoniopropionate in microalgae and visualises its uptake by marine bacteria. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371617 PMCID: PMC5380433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton-bacteria interactions drive the surface ocean sulfur cycle and local climatic processes through the production and exchange of a key compound: dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Despite their large-scale implications, these interactions remain unquantified at the cellular-scale. Here we use secondary-ion mass spectrometry to provide the first visualization of DMSP at sub-cellular levels, tracking the fate of a stable sulfur isotope (34S) from its incorporation by microalgae as inorganic sulfate to its biosynthesis and exudation as DMSP, and finally its uptake and degradation by bacteria. Our results identify for the first time the storage locations of DMSP in microalgae, with high enrichments present in vacuoles, cytoplasm and chloroplasts. In addition, we quantify DMSP incorporation at the single-cell level, with DMSP-degrading bacteria containing seven times more 34S than the control strain. This study provides an unprecedented methodology to label, retain, and image small diffusible molecules, which can be transposable to other symbiotic systems. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23008.001 Sulfur is an essential element for many organisms and environmental processes. Every year, organisms including microalgae produce more than one billion tons of a sulfur-containing compound called DMSP. Some of this DMSP is released into seawater, where it acts as a key nutrient for microscopic organisms and as a foraging cue to attract fish. DMSP is also the precursor of a gas that helps to form clouds. Despite DMSP’s potential large-scale effects, it is still not clear what role it plays in the organisms that produce it, or how it is transferred from the microalgae that produce it to the bacteria that use it. It is thought that DMSP could potentially protect the cells from sudden changes in the amount of salt in the seawater (salinity) or from other damage, such as oxidative stress – a build-up of harmful chemicals inside cells. In a controlled setting using artificial seawater, Raina et al. used high-resolution imaging and chemical analysis to track the journey of DMSP from microalgae to recipient bacteria. The results show that similar to land plants, algae store DMSP in the compartments that regulate cell pressure and photosynthesis. The presence of DMSP in these locations also supports its proposed role in protecting cells from changes in salinity or oxidative damage. A future step will be to identify the genes involved in producing DMSP in microalgae. This knowledge could be used to create mutants that are either incapable of producing this molecule or that overproduce it. In combination with the high-resolution imaging techniques described here, this will allow researchers to fully understand the role that DMSP plays in these organisms. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23008.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Raina
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Soshan Cheong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Matt R Kilburn
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anthony Reeder
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Sylvain Forêt
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Stat
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Victor Beltran
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Dianne Tapiolas
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Cherie M Motti
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Bill Gong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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28
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Howard-Smith KJ, Craze AR, Badbhade M, Marjo CE, Murphy TD, Castignolles P, Wuhrer R, Li F. Syntheses and Structure Investigations of 3d Transition Metal Complexes with a Flexible N4O2-Donor Hexadentate Schiff-Base Ligand. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and structure investigations of four new 3d transition metal complexes (1–4) with a flexible N4O2-donor hexadentate Schiff-base ligand are described; three complexes (1, 2, and 4) of FeIII, CoIII, and CuII metal ions have been investigated by UV-vis, FT-IR, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and scanning electron microscopy–electron dispersive spectroscopy, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray structure of NiII complex 3 is also reported. The molecular structures of the complexes (1–3) demonstrate distorted octahedral coordination geometry, each exhibiting 1 : 1 (M : L) ratios and the CuII complex 4 shows a trinuclear structure with a CuII : L ratio of 3 : 2 in the solid state, which has been proven by X-ray diffraction. On the other hand, a mononuclear species of the CuII complex is formed in solution, which has been identified by electrospray ionization HR-MS.
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Abstract
The poorly soluble racemic compound 6,6a,13,13a-tetrahydropentaleno[1,2-b:4,5-b′]diquinoline (4) has an exceptionally high melting point range of 352–354°C despite its low molar mass (308.38) and a structure containing only 40 atoms (38 of which are C and H). Analysis of the X-ray crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface of 4, along with comparison with its isostructural homologue 2, reveals how this occurs in the absence of Pauling-type hydrogen bonding. Excellent complementarity between homochiral molecules of 4 allows formation of enantiomerically pure layers using C–H⋯π, aromatic π⋯π, and C–H⋯N interactions. The alternating layers of opposite handedness are then crosslinked by means of aza-1,3-peri hydrogen interactions. This bifurcated C–H⋯N⋯H–C motif acts as a molecular clip creating a highly rigid network structure. The role of weaker intermolecular forces in influencing the solubility and bioavailability of potential drug molecules is discussed in the context of the popular Lipinski ‘rule of 5’ guidelines.
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Aldilla VR, Bhadbhade M, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar N, Rich AM, Marjo CE. Controlling the distance between hydrogen-bonded chloro-s-triazine tapes: crystal engineering using N-alkyl chains and the influence of temperature. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of tape spacing in hydrogen-bonded alkyl-chain substituted chloro-s-triazines is demonstrated at 150–298 K, with some unexpected behaviour from the odd-number carbon derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina R. Aldilla
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- 2052 Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- 2052 Australia
| | - Saroj Bhattacharyya
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- 2052 Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- 2052 Australia
| | - Anne M. Rich
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- 2052 Australia
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31
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Craze AR, Huang XD, Etchells I, Zheng LM, Bhadbhade MM, Marjo CE, Clegg JK, Moore EG, Avdeev M, Lindoy LF, Li F. Synthesis and characterisation of new tripodal lanthanide complexes and investigation of their optical and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12177-12184. [PMID: 28871301 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02556d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neutral complexes of type [EuL], [GdL] and [DyL] incorporating a heptadentate tripodal ligand were synthesized and their optical and magnetic properties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Craze
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Penrith
- Australia
| | - Xin-Da Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Institute of Coordination Chemistry at Nanjing University
- Qixia District, Nanjing
- China
| | - Isaac Etchells
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Institute of Coordination Chemistry at Nanjing University
- Qixia District, Nanjing
- China
| | | | | | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Evan G. Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Maxim Avdeev
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- Kirrawee DC
- Australia
| | | | - Feng Li
- School of Science and Health
- University of Western Sydney
- Penrith
- Australia
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32
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Labine-Romain M, Beckmann S, Bhadbhade M, Bhattacharyya S, Manefield M, Marjo CE, Rich AM. Polymorphs of Neutral Red, a Redox-Mediating Phenazine in Biological Systems. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutral red 1 is a heterocyclic phenazine that, as a crystalline solid, has been observed to accelerate microbial methane generation from coal. Scale-up to an industrial process will require large quantities of neutral red crystals, hence an understanding of any polymorphic behaviour is essential for careful control of this process. A room-temperature structure of 1 (Form I) has been reported previously, and this study describes a new polymorph (Form II) crystallising from aqueous solution at 50°C, or transforming from Form I over an incubation time of one week at 70°C. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to study the molecular arrangements and intermolecular interactions in the new polymorph, and compared with those found in the room temperature form. Both polymorphs have been characterised using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and a synthetic mixture of polymorphs successfully imaged using Raman spectroscopy. Raman imaging is proposed as a quality control method for small quantities of sample to ensure the correct polymorph is produced as a feedstock for this new methanogenesis process.
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Gong B, Marjo CE. Quantitative ToF-SIMS depth profiling of a multi-phased III-V semiconductor matrix via the analysis of secondary cluster ions. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Le T, Bhadbhade M, Gao J, Hook JM, Marjo CE. Persistence of a self-complementary N–H⋯N tape motif in chloro-s-triazine crystals: crystal structures of simazine and atrazine herbicides and their polymorphic and inclusion behaviour. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thes-triazine herbicides simazine and atrazine assemble as hydrogen-bonded tapes in the solid state, and in a range of others-triazines in the CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Le
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia 2052
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia 2052
| | - Jiabin Gao
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia 2052
| | - James M. Hook
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia 2052
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia 2052
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35
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Hazrin-Chong NH, Marjo CE, Das T, Rich AM, Manefield M. Surface analysis reveals biogenic oxidation of sub-bituminous coal by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6443-52. [PMID: 24898633 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hazlin Hazrin-Chong
- Centre for Marine Bioinnovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Marjo
- Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, Room G61, Chemical
Sciences Building (F10), University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia 2052
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, Room G61, Chemical
Sciences Building (F10), University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia 2052
| | - James M. Hook
- Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, Room G61, Chemical
Sciences Building (F10), University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia 2052
| | - Anne M. Rich
- Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, Room G61, Chemical
Sciences Building (F10), University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia 2052
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Lukman AI, Gong B, Marjo CE, Roessner U, Harris AT. Facile synthesis, stabilization, and anti-bacterial performance of discrete Ag nanoparticles using Medicago sativa seed exudates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 353:433-44. [PMID: 20974473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biogenic synthesis of metal nanomaterials offers an environmentally benign alternative to the traditional chemical synthesis routes. Colloidal silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting aqueous AgNO(3) with Medicago sativa seed exudates under non-photomediated conditions. Upon contact, rapid reduction of Ag(+) ions was observed in <1 min with Ag nanoparticle formation reaching 90% completion in <50 min. Effect of Ag concentration, quantity of exudate and pH on the particle size and shape were investigated. At [Ag(+)]=0.01 M and 30°C, largely spherical nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 5-51 nm were generated, while flower-like particle clusters (mean size=104 nm) were observed on treatment at higher Ag concentrations. Pre-dilution of the exudate induced the formation of single-crystalline Ag nanoplates, forming hexagonal particles and nanotriangles with edge lengths of 86-108 nm, while pH adjustment to 11 resulted in monodisperse Ag nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm. Repeated centrifugation and redispersion enhanced the percentage of nanoplates from 10% to 75% in solution. The kinetics of nanoparticle formation were monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and the Ag products were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the elements and chemical environment in the top layers of the as-synthesized Ag nanoparticles, while the metabolites in the exudate were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first account of M. sativa seed exudate assisted synthesis and stabilization of biogenic Ag nanoparticles; the nanoplates are notably smaller and better faceted compared with those synthesized by vascular plant extracts previously reported. Stabilized films of exudate synthesized Ag nanoparticles were effective anti-bacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audra I Lukman
- Laboratory for Sustainable Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bishop
- a School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , 2052 , Australia
| | - Christopher E. Marjo
- a School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , 2052 , Australia
| | - Marcia L. Scudder
- a School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , 2052 , Australia
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Marjo CE, Bishopr R, Craig DC, Scudder ML. Unusual stereochemical consequences during the substitution of V-shaped diaryl derivatives. Mendeleev Communications 2004. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2004v014n06abeh002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Bielejewska AG, Marjo CE, Prins LJ, Timmerman P, de Jong F, Reinhoudt DN. Thermodynamic stabilities of linear and crinkled tapes and cyclic rosettes in melamine--cyanurate assemblies: a model description. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7518-33. [PMID: 11480972 DOI: 10.1021/ja010664o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe model calculations for the self-assembly of N,N-disubstituted melamines 1 and N-substituted cyanuric acid or 5,5-disubstituted barbituric acid derivatives 2 into linear or crinkled tapes and cyclic rosettes via cooperative hydrogen bond formation. The model description considers all possible stereoisomeric tape structures consisting of two to eight different components (270 different species in total) and one cyclic hexameric rosette structure. Furthermore, eight steric parameters (R(12)-R(28)) are included that represent the different types of steric interactions within the assemblies. Most importantly, the model calculations clearly show that the tape/rosette ratio is very sensitive to changes in parameters that directly affect the internal energy of the rosette structure. In this respect, three parameters have been characterized, i.e., the basic equilibrium constant K(0) for the bimolecular association of a melamine and cyanurate, the equilibrium constant K(r)/K(0) for the cyclization of a linear hexamer, and the parameter R(12)-a(Z)b, representing attractive or repulsive interactions between adjacent melamine and cyanurate moieties. For example, an increase in K(0) from 100 to 10,000 M(-1) ([A](0) = [B](0) = 10 mM, K(r) = 0.01 M) or in K(r) from 0.001 to 0.1 M ([A](0) = [B](0) = 10 mM, K(0) = 1000 M(-1)) raises the concentration of the rosette from <5 to approximately 90% or from approximately 10 to approximately 85%, respectively. Similarly, a change in R(12)-a(Z)b from 1.0 (no repulsive or attractive interactions) to 1.5 (slight attractive interaction) raises the rosette fraction of the mixture from 25% to 45%. In sharp contrast to this, the model calculations show that parameters that only affect the internal energy of the tapes (R(13)--R(28)) hardly change the tape/rosette ratio. For example, by changing R(13)-a(EE)a from 1.0 (no repulsive or attractive interactions) to 0.001 (maximum repulsion), the rosette fraction in the mixture changes by no more than 8%. Including all possible sterics that occur only in tapes (i.e., R(13)--R(28)), the maximum change in rosette fraction is no more than 16%. These predictions can be rationalized by considering that any change in the stability of the tapes only affects the rosette concentration by means of shifting the equilibrium between free 1 and 2 and the rosette. Since there are 270 different tapelike structures in equilibrium, this mixture represents the best buffer solution in the world. These model calculations seem to conflict with the concept of peripheral crowding as put forward by Whitesides et al., which states that bulky substituents on the periphery of the melamine (and cyanurate) components can be used to shift the tape/rosette equilibrium completely toward the rosette structure. Computer simulations (CHARMm 24.0) show that linear tapes with bulky substituents are severely distorted from planarity, while the corresponding rosette remains planar. Therefore, tapelike structures with bulky substituents are expected to have a much higher solubility than the corresponding rosettes, which can explain the observed crystal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Bielejewska
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA(+) Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The new lattice inclusion host exo-7,exo-15-dibromo-6,7,14,15-tetrahydro-6,14-methanocycloocta[1,2-b:5,6-b'] diquinoxaline (6) has been synthesized in three steps from bicyclo [3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione and benzofurazan oxide. It preferentially forms crystalline inclusion compounds with small polyhaloalkane guest molecules, and the crystal structure of the 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane compound [(C21H14N4Br2)2.C2H2Cl4, Pbcn , a 11.663(2), b 13.195(3), c 27.444(5) Ǻ, Z 4, R 0.041] is described. The key characteristic of this compound is a series of molecular boxes in which the guest molecules reside. Construction of the six surrounding walls is achieved with the aromatic rings of just four host molecules, and the guest molecule occupies a fixed position within the box. The intermolecular forces resulting in formation of this novel inclusion structure are analysed in detail.
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45
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Brown CL, Harding MM, Kalman JR, Marjo CE, Rainone S, Webster LK. Synthesis and biological activity of intercalator substituted bile steroids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marjo CE, Bishop R, Craig DC, O'Brien A, Scudder ML. Use of halogen sensor groups for specific trapping of polyhaloalkanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/c39940002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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