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Echarri-Giacchi M, Martín-Martínez JM. Efficient Physical Mixing of Small Amounts of Nanosilica Dispersion and Waterborne Polyurethane by Using Mild Stirring Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235136. [PMID: 36501531 PMCID: PMC9735813 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Good dispersion of nanosilica particles in waterborne polyurethane was obtained by mild mechanical stirring when 0.1-0.5 wt.% nanosilica in aqueous dispersion was added. The addition of small amounts of nanosilica produced more negative Z-potential values, increased the surface tension and decreased the Brookfield viscosity, as well as the extent of shear thinning of the waterborne polyurethane. Depending on the amount of nanosilica, the particle-size distributions of the waterborne polyurethanes changed differently and the addition of only 0.1 wt.% nanosilica noticeably increased the percentage of the particles of 298 nm in diameter. The DSC curves showed two melting peaks at 46 °C and 52 °C, as well as an increase in the melting enthalpy. In addition, when nanosilica was added, the crystallization peak of the waterborne polyurethane was displaced to a higher temperature and showed higher enthalpy. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1-0.5 wt.% nanosilica displaced the temperature of decomposition of the soft domains to higher temperatures due to the intercalation of the particles among the soft segments; this led to a change in the degree of phase separation of the waterborne polyurethanes. As a consequence, improved thermal stability and viscoelastic and mechanical properties of the waterborne polyurethanes were obtained. However, the addition of small amounts of nanosilica was detrimental for the wettability and adhesion of the waterborne polyurethanes due to the existence of acrylic moieties on the nanosilica particles, which seemed to migrate to the interface once the polyurethane was cross-linked. In fact, the final T-peel strength values of the joints made with the waterborne polyurethanes containing nanosilica were significantly lower than the one obtained with the waterborne polyurethane without nanosilica; the higher the nanosilica content, the lower the final adhesion. The better the nanosilica dispersion in the waterborne polyurethane+nanosilica, the higher the final T-peel strength value.
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Domain Structure, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone-Based Multiblock Polyurethane-Ureas under Control of Hard and Soft Segment Lengths. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194145. [PMID: 36236094 PMCID: PMC9571805 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of multiblock polyurethane-ureas (PUU) based on polycaprolactone diol (PCL) with a molecular mass of 530 or 2000 g/mol, as well as hard segments of different lengths and structures, were synthesized by the step-growth polymerization method. The chemical structure of the synthesized multiblock copolymers was confirmed by IR- and NMR-spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to determine the relaxation and phase transition temperatures for the entire series of the obtained PUU. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method made it possible to identify PUU compositions in which the crystallizability of soft segments (SS) is manifested due to their sufficient length for self-organization and structuring. Visualization of the crystal structure and disordering of the stacking of SS with an increase in their molecular mobility during heating are shown using optical microscopy. The change in the size of the hard phase domains and the value of the interdomain distance depending on the PCL molecular mass, as well as the length and structure of the hard block in the synthesized PUU, were analyzed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The evolution of the domain structure upon passing through the melting and crystallization temperatures of PUU soft blocks was studied using SANS. The studies carried out made it possible to reveal the main correlations between the chemical structure of the synthesized PUU and their supramolecular organization as well as thermal and mechanical properties.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Peh KWE, Yu Q, Lu Y, Hua W, Men Y. Effect of Phase Separation and Crystallization on Enthalpy Relaxation in Thermoplastic Polyurethane. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- BASF Polyurethane Specialties (China) Co. Ltd., 300 Jiang Xin Sha Road, Pudong
District, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Kar Wee Eddie Peh
- BASF Polyurethane Specialties (China) Co. Ltd., 300 Jiang Xin Sha Road, Pudong
District, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Qianli Yu
- BASF Polyurethane Specialties (China) Co. Ltd., 300 Jiang Xin Sha Road, Pudong
District, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Hua
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Terban MW, Billinge SJL. Structural Analysis of Molecular Materials Using the Pair Distribution Function. Chem Rev 2022; 122:1208-1272. [PMID: 34788012 PMCID: PMC8759070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This is a review of atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis as applied to the study of molecular materials. The PDF method is a powerful approach to study short- and intermediate-range order in materials on the nanoscale. It may be obtained from total scattering measurements using X-rays, neutrons, or electrons, and it provides structural details when defects, disorder, or structural ambiguities obscure their elucidation directly in reciprocal space. While its uses in the study of inorganic crystals, glasses, and nanomaterials have been recently highlighted, significant progress has also been made in its application to molecular materials such as carbons, pharmaceuticals, polymers, liquids, coordination compounds, composites, and more. Here, an overview of applications toward a wide variety of molecular compounds (organic and inorganic) and systems with molecular components is presented. We then present pedagogical descriptions and tips for further implementation. Successful utilization of the method requires an interdisciplinary consolidation of material preparation, high quality scattering experimentation, data processing, model formulation, and attentive scrutiny of the results. It is hoped that this article will provide a useful reference to practitioners for PDF applications in a wide realm of molecular sciences, and help new practitioners to get started with this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simon J. L. Billinge
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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Ma J, Deng B, Fan Y, Huang X, Chen D, Ma Y, Chen H, Grzesiak AL, Feng S. Polyurethane elastomers with amphiphilic ABA tri-block co-polymers as the soft segments showing record-high tensile strength and simultaneously increased ductility. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00752e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane elastomers with amphiphilic ABA tri-block co-polymers as the soft segments robustly show record-high tensile strength and simultaneously increased ductility via producing small and uniform hard domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baixue Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanbin Fan
- The Dow Chemical Company, 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiayun Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Daoyong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The Dow Chemical Company, 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- The Dow Chemical Company, 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Adam L. Grzesiak
- The Dow Chemical Company, 693 Washington Street, Midland, Michigan 48640, USA
| | - Shaoguang Feng
- The Dow Chemical Company, 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang Z, Li X, Pöselt E, Eling B, Liao T, Wang Z. Polymorphic microstructure of MDI/BD-block polyurethane as determined by temperature-sensitive conformation variation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9447-9456. [PMID: 34612298 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01283e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MDI/BD-block thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) crystallized at different isothermal temperatures and different cooling rates were investigated using multiple techniques. The MDI/BD blocks crystallized in form II when the isothermal temperature was equal to or higher than 150 °C, and in form I at lower isothermal temperatures. Form II had a higher crystal elastic modulus of 6.75 GPa than form I of 1.31 GPa. Form I exhibited contracted conformation, while form II exhibited an extended conformation when viewed from the length of the c-axis in the crystalline state. Based on an analysis of the second derivative in FTIR spectroscopy and simple modeling, the conformation differences were considered to stem from the urethane group's internal bond rotation concerning the phenyl ring and the opening bond angle of phenyl-CH2-phenyl. The generation of form II above 150 °C may be due to the activation of urethane and the flexible methylene elevated by the high temperature. Overall, it was seen that the crystallization of MDI/BD blocks involved a physicochemical change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Xuke Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
| | - Elmar Pöselt
- BASF, Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstrasse 60, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Berend Eling
- BASF, Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstrasse 60, 49448, Lemförde, Germany
| | - Tao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, 130022 Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
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Hu S, Shou T, Fu G, Zhao X, Wang Z, Zhang L. New Stratagem for Designing High‐Performance Thermoplastic Polyurethane by Using a New Chain Extender. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Hu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Tao Shou
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Guoqing Fu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources Ministry of Education Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources Ministry of Education Beijing 100029 China
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