CO2-Involved and Isocyanide-Based Three-Component Polymerization toward Functional Heterocyclic Polymers with Self-Assembly and Sensing Properties

Recent developments in polymer chemistry, medicinal chemistry and electro-optics using Ni and Pd-based catalytic systems

Catalysis is the fastest and continuously growing field in chemistry. A key component of this process is catalytic systems, which result in increased reaction rates and yields, as well as the ability to tailor the properties of products to the final application. With the development of catalysis, the requirements for catalysts used in these processes have also grown rapidly. Modern catalytic materials should overcome the challenges posed by the modern world of chemistry. They should be durable, and stable, have good catalytic properties, and allow catalytic processes to be carried out under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. In this article, we provide an overview of recent reports on the use of catalytic systems based on nickel and palladium ions in catalytic reactions, leading to functional materials used in the fields of medicinal chemistry, polymer chemistry and electro-optical materials chemistry. Research on the optimization and modification of existing synthetic methods, reports on the synthesis of new functional materials, and articles on new, more efficient catalytic systems that overcome the drawbacks of existing catalysts are described. The presented article reviews current knowledge, providing the newest information from the world of catalysis and synthesis of advanced functional materials, presenting potential directions for further development in these fields.

Short Aromatic Blocks Enhance Styrene Conversion in Polymer Cubosome Formation via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly

Polymer cubosomes (PCs) have garnered significant interest in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology due to their unique properties and potential applications. However, the fabrication of PCs remains challenging. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is recognized as an efficient method for producing a variety of polymer particles, including PCs. Despite the advantages of PISA, the conversion of styrene (St), a core-forming monomer commonly used in PC preparation, is relatively low. Herein, a novel strategy is introduced to enhance the St conversion in PC preparation via PISA by incorporating a short azobenzene-containing block (PMAAz) into the hydrophilic macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA). Utilizing PMAAz-tailed poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate), the St conversion is successfully improved from an initial 12.9-13.8% to an enhanced range of 19.1-26.9%. This enhancement in conversion allows for a reduced feeding ratio of St to macro-CTA in the preparation of PCs. Further studies into various blocks consisting of different hydrophobic monomers reveal that the aromatic interactions, derived from these short blocks, are crucial for increasing monomer conversion and facilitating PC formation. This study offers a direct and convenient approach to obtaining PCs with diversified functional groups efficiently, thereby significantly broadening the potential application of these materials.

One-pot multicomponent polymerization towards heterocyclic polymers: a mini review

Multicomponent polymerization (MCP) is an innovative field related to polymer-based chemistry that offers numerous advantages derived from multicomponent reactions (MCRs). One of the key advantages of MCP is its ability to achieve high efficiency. Additionally, MCP offers other advantages, including operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, and atom economy. MCP is a versatile technique that is used for synthesizing a wide range of analogs from several classes of heterocyclic compounds. The ring structures of heterocyclic polymers give them different mechanical, photophysical, and electrical properties to other types of polymers. Because of their unique properties, heterocyclic polymers have been widely utilized in various significant applications. MCRs are a type of chemical reaction that can be used to synthesize a wide variety of compounds in a single pot, which allows researchers to quickly assemble libraries of compounds. The development of MCPs from MCRs has made it easier to access a library of polymers with tunable structures. However, MCPs related to alkynes or acetylene triple bonds have more potential. In this review study, we provide an overview of the synthesis of heteroatom-functional polymers and alkyne-based development or other reactions such as Cu-catalyzed, catalyst-free, MCCP, MCTPs, green monomers, A3 coupling reactions, Passerini reactions, and sequence- and controlled-multicomponent polymerization. The up-to-date progress provides a convenient and efficient kind of approach related to heteroatoms and MCP synthesis, and perspectives in terms of future directions are also discussed in the study.

Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Carboxylation Reactions

In this short review, we highlight the advancements in the field of palladium-catalyzed carbon dioxide utilization for the synthesis of high value added organic molecules. The review is structured on the basis of the kind of substrate undergoing the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation process. Accordingly, after the introductory section, the main sections of the review will illustrate Pd-catalyzed carboxylation of olefinic substrates, acetylenic substrates, and other substrates (aryl halides and triflates).