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Chenyakin Y, Chen DDY. Numerical modeling and experimental optimization of Taylor dispersion analysis with and without an electric field. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38506142 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Numerical modeling of Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics to facilitate better and faster optimization of the experimental conditions. Parameters, such as pressure, electric field, diameter, and length of capillary on the TDA conditions, were examined for particles with hydrodynamic radius (Rh ) of 2.5-250 Å. The simulations were conducted using 25, 50, and 100 cm length tubes with diameters of 25, 50, and 100 µm. It was shown that particles with larger diffusion coefficients gave more accurate results at higher velocities, and in longer and wider columns; particles with smaller diffusion coefficients gave more accurate results at smaller velocities, and in shorter and thinner columns. Moreover, the effect of electric field on the validity and the applicability of TDA was studied using TDA in conjunction with capillary electrophoresis. Diffusion coefficients were obtained using a pressure and the TDA equation and compared with those obtained with a pressure in combination of an electric field for fluorescein, FD4, FD20, FD70, and FD500. We found that TDA can be used with the presence of moderate electrophoretic migration and electroosmotic flow, when appropriate conditions were met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Chenyakin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David Da Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Gouyon J, Boudier A, Pallotta A, Boukoufi C, Clarot I. Cross-frontal mode: An alternative methodology for Taylor dispersion analysis of monomodal sample. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1694:463913. [PMID: 36898235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) is a technique dedicated to the determination of the molecular diffusion coefficient (D) of species, using band broadening of an analyte in a laminar flow. Two modes are commonly used to perform TDA: pulse and frontal modes. In each case, a fitting of the signal is required. We propose here a third mode denoted as cross-frontal mode, combining two crossed sample fronts without modification of a classical CE device for the rapid and accurate determination of D of caffeine, reduced glutathione (GSH), insulin from bovine pancreas, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP). Theoretical aspects and methodology are described, showing a good correlation between the so-called cross-frontal mode and usual frontal mode. Limitations of the techniques are also assessed, and are similar to regular modes while no fitting is required. This new methodology allows improving the sensitivity toward low concentrated sample compared to pulse mode, and an alternative mathematical treatment compared to regular TDA modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gouyon
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Ariane Boudier
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Nanocontrol, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Arnaud Pallotta
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Nanocontrol, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Célia Boukoufi
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Pharmacy Department, University Hospital, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; Nanocontrol, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Leclercq X, Leclercq L, Guillard A, Rodriguez L, Braun O, Favero C, Cottet H. Determination of ultrahigh molar mass of polyelectrolytes by Taylor dispersion analysis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Moser MR, Baker CA. Taylor dispersion analysis in fused silica capillaries: a tutorial review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2357-2373. [PMID: 33999088 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological and pharmaceutical analytes like liposomes, therapeutic proteins, nanoparticles, and drug-delivery systems are utilized in applications, such as pharmaceutical formulations or biomimetic models, in which controlling their size is often critical. Many of the common techniques for sizing these analytes require method development, significant sample preparation, large sample quantities, and lengthy analysis times. In other cases, such as DLS, sizing can be biased towards the largest constituents in a mixture. Therefore, there is a need for more rapid, sensitive, accurate, and straightforward analytical methods for sizing macromolecules, especially those of biological origin which may be sample-limited. Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) is a sizing technique that requires no calibration and consumes only nL to pL sample volumes. In TDA, average diffusion coefficients are determined via the Taylor-Aris equation by characterizing band broadening of an analyte plug under well-controlled laminar flow conditions. Diffusion coefficient can then be interpreted as hydrodynamic radius (RH) via the Stokes-Einstein equation. Here, we offer a tutorial review of TDA, intended to make the method better understood and more widely accessible to a community of analytical chemists and separations scientists who may benefit from the unique advantages of this versatile sizing method. We first provide a tutorial on the fundamental principles that allow TDA to achieve calibration-free sizing of analytes across a wide range of RH, with an emphasis on the reduced sample consumption and analysis times that result from utilizing fused silica capillaries. We continue by highlighting relationships between operating parameters and critically important flow conditions. Our discussion continues by looking at methods for applying TDA to sample mixtures via algorithmic approaches and integration of capillary electrophoresis and TDA. Finally, we present a selection of reports that demonstrate TDA applied to complex challenges in bioanalysis and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan R Moser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Malburet C, Leclercq L, Cotte JF, Thiebaud J, Marco S, Nicolaï MC, Cottet H. Antigen-Adjuvant Interactions in Vaccines by Taylor Dispersion Analysis: Size Characterization and Binding Parameters. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6508-6515. [PMID: 33861925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are immunostimulatory substances used to improve and modulate the immune response induced by antigens. A better understanding of the antigen-adjuvant interactions is necessary to develop future effective vaccine. In this study, Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) was successfully implemented to characterize the interactions between a polymeric adjuvant (poly(acrylic acid), SPA09) and a vaccine antigen in development for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus. TDA allowed one to rapidly determine both (i) the size of the antigen-adjuvant complexes under physiological conditions and (ii) the percentage of free antigen in the adjuvant/antigen mixture at equilibrium and finally get the interaction parameters (stoichiometry and binding constant). The complex sizes obtained by TDA were compared to the results obtained by transmission electron microscopy, and the binding parameters were compared to results previously obtained by frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malburet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.,Sanofi Pasteur, Analytical Sciences, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Cotte
- Sanofi Pasteur, Analytical Sciences, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Jérôme Thiebaud
- Sanofi Pasteur, Analytical Sciences, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Sergio Marco
- Sanofi Pasteur, Analytical Sciences, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Marie-Claire Nicolaï
- Sanofi Pasteur, Analytical Sciences, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Casto LD, Do KB, Baker CA. A Miniature 3D Printed LED-Induced Fluorescence Detector for Capillary Electrophoresis and Dual-Detector Taylor Dispersion Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9451-9457. [PMID: 31284711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) provides absolute determination of diffusion coefficients for analytes ranging from small molecules to particulate matter. TDA has seen a resurgence in recent years, as modern commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrumentation is well equipped to meet the precision flow requirements of TDA. Discontinuous flow velocities, which occur during sample injection, can lead to substantial inaccuracies in single-point detection TDA. Dual-point detection allows TDA to be carried out under continuous flow in the volume between the detection points, but dual-point fluorescence detection has not previously been feasible within the confines of commercial CE instrumentation. Here, we describe a compact light-emitting diode (LED)-induced fluorescence detector designed for online, dual-point capillary detection within a commercial CE system. The three-dimensional (3D) printed detector houses an inexpensive LED excitation source, a bandpass excitation filter, an integral 3D printed pinhole collimator, and a ball lens, which collects fluorescence emission. Multivariate optimization of operating conditions yielded a detection limit of 613 ± 13 pM for CE of fluorescein disodium salt solution in borate buffer. The miniature size of the device allowed integration of two detectors within a commercial CE system without modification to the instrument, thereby enabling dual-detector assays including TDA and CE-TDA. Monitoring of the bioconjugation reaction between fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and a model protein illustrates the utility of direct, calibration-free size determination, which enabled the resolution of fluorescence originating from free FITC from that of protein-bound FITC. TDA detection coupled to CE enabled the determination of peak identities without the need for standard solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Casto
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 1420 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Kevin B Do
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 1420 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Christopher A Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Tennessee , 1420 Circle Drive , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Jelińska A, Zagożdżon A, Górecki M, Wisniewska A, Frelek J, Holyst R. Denaturation of proteins by surfactants studied by the Taylor dispersion analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175838. [PMID: 28426809 PMCID: PMC5398553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed that the Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) is a fast and easy to use method for the study of denaturation proteins. We applied TDA to study denaturation of β-lactoglobulin, transferrin, and human insulin by anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A series of measurements at constant protein concentration (for transferrin was 1.9 x 10−5 M, for β- lactoglobulin was 7.6 x 10−5 M, and for insulin was 1.2 x 10−4 M) and varying SDS concentrations were carried out in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The structural changes were analyzed based on the diffusion coefficients of the complexes formed at various surfactant concentrations. The concentration of surfactant was varied in the range from 1.2 x 10−4 M to 8.7 x 10−2 M. We determined the minimum concentration of the surfactant necessary to change the native conformation of the proteins. The minimal concentration of SDS for β-lactoglobulin and transferrin was 4.3 x 10−4 M and for insulin 2.3 x 10−4 M. To evaluate the TDA as a novel method for studying denaturation of proteins we also applied other methods i.e. electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to study the same phenomenon. The results obtained using these methods were in agreement with the results from TDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Jelińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zagożdżon
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Holyst
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Chamieh J, Jannin V, Demarne F, Cottet H. Hydrodynamic size characterization of a self-emulsifying lipid pharmaceutical excipient by Taylor dispersion analysis with fluorescent detection. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:262-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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