1
|
Rijal B, Delbreilh L, Sollogoub C, Baer E, Saiter-Fourcin A. Multiscale Analysis of Segmental Relaxation in PC/PETg Multilayers: Evidence of Immiscible Nanodroplets. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Rijal
- INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS 6634, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS 6634, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, CNAM, HESAM Université, 151 bd de l’Hopital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Baer
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Allisson Saiter-Fourcin
- INSA Rouen, UMR CNRS 6634, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN Normandie, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li JX, Niu DY, Liu B, Xu PW, Yang WJ, Lemstra PJ, Ma PM. Improvement on the Mechanical Performance and Resistance Towards Hydrolysis of Poly(glycolic acid) via Solid-state Drawing. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Anstey A, Tuccitto AV, Lee PC, Park CB. Generation of Tough, Stiff Polylactide Nanocomposites through the In Situ Nanofibrillation of Thermoplastic Elastomer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14422-14434. [PMID: 35302743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) resins are among the most desirable biopolymers due to their biobased and compostable nature, excellent stiffness, and tensile strength. However, the widespread application of PLA has long been hindered by its inherent brittleness. While multiple routes have been successfully developed for the toughening of PLA, this toughening has always come at the cost of compromising the stiffness and strength of the matrix. In this work, we report a robust and scalable method for the development of PLA nanocomposites with an unprecedented combination of stiffness and toughness. Using the in situ nanofibrillation technique, we generated PLA composites containing nanofibrils of thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). Due to the high aspect ratio of these nanofibrils, they form physically percolated networks at low weight fractions (∼2.8 wt %) which dramatically change the mechanical behavior of the material. We found that, upon network formation, the material transitions from brittle to ductile behavior, dramatically increasing its toughness with only a marginal decrease in Young's modulus. We investigate the peculiar rheological behavior and crystallization kinetics of these blends, and propose an extension of the critical ligament thickness mechanism, wherein intrinsic toughening arises at the fiber-matrix interface in the presence of entangled elastomer networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Anstey
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Anthony V Tuccitto
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Patrick C Lee
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory (MCML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory (MPML), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gholami F, Pakzad L, Behzadfar E. Morphological, interfacial and rheological properties in multilayer polymers: A review. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
5
|
Aliotta L, Gazzano M, Lazzeri A, Righetti MC. Constrained Amorphous Interphase in Poly(l-lactic acid): Estimation of the Tensile Elastic Modulus. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20890-20902. [PMID: 32875224 PMCID: PMC7450648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of semicrystalline PLLA containing exclusively α'- or α-crystals have been investigated. The connection between experimental elastic moduli and phase composition has been analyzed as a function of the polymorphic crystalline form. For a complete interpretation of the mechanical properties, the contribution of the crystalline regions and the constrained amorphous interphase or rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) has been quantified by a three-phase mechanical model. The mathematical approach allowed the simultaneous quantification of the elastic moduli of (i) the α'- and α-phases (11.2 and 14.8 GPa, respectively, in excellent agreement with experimental and theoretical data reported in the literature) and (ii) the rigid amorphous fractions linked to the α'- and α-forms (5.4 and 6.1 GPa, respectively). In parallel, the densities of the RAF connected with α'- and α-crystals have been measured (1.17 and 1.11 g/cm3, respectively). The slightly higher value of the elastic modulus of the RAF connected to the α-crystals and its lower density have been associated to a stronger chain coupling at the amorphous/crystal interface. Thus, the elastic moduli at T room of the crystalline (E C), mobile amorphous (E MAF), and rigid amorphous (E RAF) fractions of PLLA turned out to be quantitatively in the order of E MAF < E RAF < E C, with the experimental E MAF value equal to 3.6 GPa. These findings can allow a better tailoring of the properties of PLLA materials in relation to specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department
of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University
of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- CNR-ISOF,
National Research Council−Institute of Organic Synthesis and
Photoreactivity, Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department
of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University
of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56122, Italy
- CNR-IPCF,
National Research Council−Institute for Chemical and Physical
Processes, Via G. Moruzzi
1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF,
National Research Council−Institute for Chemical and Physical
Processes, Via G. Moruzzi
1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monnier X, Delpouve N, Saiter-Fourcin A. Distinct dynamics of structural relaxation in the amorphous phase of poly(l-lactic acid) revealed by quiescent crystallization. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3224-3233. [PMID: 32162627 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) experiments were performed to investigate physical aging in amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(l-lactic acid)s (PLLAs) that were thermally crystallized under conditions leading to the α'- or α-crystalline form, and either favouring or inhibiting the development of a rigid amorphous fraction (RAF). The enthalpy of recovery was calculated after two procedures of rescaling to the content of the whole amorphous phase and also to the only content of the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), which helped in clarifying the contribution of the RAF. From the dependence of the structural relaxation rate on the aging temperature, two regimes were evidenced for all samples. In the aging temperature domain situated close to the glass transition, the structural relaxation occurs significantly faster in the MAF. Its rate is independent of the aging temperature and is not influenced by the microstructure. However, the distance to equilibrium is higher in samples for which the coupling is strong between crystal and amorphous, implying that the time to reach equilibrium is also higher. In contrast, at low aging temperatures, for which the whole amorphous phase can be considered as solid, MAF and RAF exhibit the same structrural relaxation rate. This convergence in the relaxation kinetics by decreasing the temperature of physical aging was interpreted as the evolution of relaxation dynamics in the MAF from segmental to local. This change is highlighted by the comparison between MAF and RAF relaxation kinetics, but it occurs similarly in a pure amorphous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Allisson Saiter-Fourcin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Varol N, Delpouve N, Araujo S, Domenek S, Guinault A, Golovchak R, Ingram A, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. Amorphous rigidification and cooperativity drop in semi−crystalline plasticized polylactide. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Fernandes Nassar S, Delpouve N, Sollogoub C, Guinault A, Stoclet G, Régnier G, Domenek S. Impact of Nanoconfinement on Polylactide Crystallization and Gas Barrier Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9953-9965. [PMID: 32011861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The barrier properties of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) were investigated in multinanolayer systems, probing the effect of confinement, the compatibility between the confining and the confined polymer, crystal orientation, and amorphous phase properties. The multilayer coextrusion process was used to confine PLLA between two amorphous polymers (polystyrene, PS; and polycarbonate, PC), which have different chemical affinities with PLLA. Confined PLLA layers of approximately 20 nm thickness were obtained. The multinanolayer materials were annealed at different temperatures to obtain PLLA crystallites with distinct polymorphs. PLLA annealed in PC/PLLA films at 120 °C afforded a crystallinity degree up to 65%, and PLLA annealed in PC/PLLA or PS/PLLA films at 85 °C had a crystallinity degree of 45%. WAXS measurements evidenced that the PLLA lamellas between PS layers had a mixed in-plane and on-edge orientation. PLLA lamellas between PC layers were uniquely oriented in-plane. DMA results evidenced a shift of the PC glass transition toward lower temperature, suggesting the possible presence of an interphase. The development of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in the amorphous phase during annealing was impacted by the confiner polymer. The RAF content of semicrystalline PLLA was about 15% in PC/PLLA, whereas it was neglectable in PS/PLLA. The oxygen barrier properties appeared to be governed by RAF content, and no impact of the PLLA polymorph or the crystalline orientation was observed. This study shows that the confinement of PLLA on itself does not impact barrier properties but that the proper choice of the confiner polymer can lead to decrease the phase coupling which creates the RAF. It is the prevention of RAF that decreases permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ , UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux , 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS , CNAM, Hesam Université , 151, Boulevard de l'Hôpital , F-75013 Paris Cedex , France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS , CNAM, Hesam Université , 151, Boulevard de l'Hôpital , F-75013 Paris Cedex , France
| | - Gregory Stoclet
- Univ Lille , CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Gilles Régnier
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS , CNAM, Hesam Université , 151, Boulevard de l'Hôpital , F-75013 Paris Cedex , France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech , INRAE, UMR 0782 SayFood , 91300 Massy , France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beuguel Q, Guinault A, Léger L, Restagno F, Sollogoub C, Miquelard-Garnier G. Nanorheology with a Conventional Rheometer: Probing the Interfacial Properties in Compatibilized Multinanolayer Polymer Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1309-1315. [PMID: 35651150 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Measuring the viscoelastic behavior of polymers in the vicinity of a surface or under confinement is an experimental challenge. Simple rheological tests of nanolayered films of polyethylene/polyamide 6 compatibilized in situ during the coextrusion process enabled the probing of these interfacial properties. Taking advantage of the different melting points and of the multiplication of the number of interfaces, a drastic increase of dynamic moduli was reported when increasing the interphase volume fraction in the films. A solid-like behavior for the interphase was identified. The complex viscosity of nanolayered films as a function of angular frequency was quantitatively captured for all samples using a weighted mixing law of bulk and interphase viscosities, without additional adjusting parameters, highlighting the interfacial synergy developed in nanolayered polymer films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Beuguel
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Liliane Léger
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ Paris-SUD, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Restagno
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ Paris-SUD, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Miquelard-Garnier
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers, CNRS, CNAM, Hesam Université, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Araujo S, Delpouve N, Domenek S, Guinault A, Golovchak R, Szatanik R, Ingram A, Fauchard C, Delbreilh L, Dargent E. Cooperativity Scaling and Free Volume in Plasticized Polylactide. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Araujo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
- CEREMA, Direction territoriale Normandie Centre, 76120 Grand-Quevilly, France
| | - Nicolas Delpouve
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sandra Domenek
- UMR Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université de Saclay, 1 Avenue des Olympiades, F-91744 Massy Cedex, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Laboratoire PIMM, Ensam, CNRS, Cnam, 151 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Roman Golovchak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee 37044 United States
| | - Roman Szatanik
- Institute of Physics, Opole University, Opole PL-45052, Poland
| | - Adam Ingram
- Faculty of Physics, Opole University of Technology, Opole PL-45370, Poland
| | - Cyrille Fauchard
- CEREMA, Direction territoriale Normandie Centre, 76120 Grand-Quevilly, France
| | - Laurent Delbreilh
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Eric Dargent
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN Normandie, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao XR, Li Y, Huang HD, Xu JZ, Xu L, Ji X, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Extensional Stress-Induced Orientation and Crystallization can Regulate the Balance of Toughness and Stiffness of Polylactide Films: Interplay of Oriented Amorphous Chains and Crystallites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Monnier X, Fernandes Nassar S, Domenek S, Guinault A, Sollogoub C, Dargent E, Delpouve N. Reduced physical aging rates of polylactide in polystyrene/polylactide multilayer films from fast scanning calorimetry. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Sangroniz A, Chaos A, Iriarte M, del Río J, Sarasua JR, Etxeberria A. Influence of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction and Crystallinity on Polylactide Transport Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Sangroniz
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Ana Chaos
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Marian Iriarte
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Javier del Río
- Department of Material Physics, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- POLYMAT, Department of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Agustin Etxeberria
- POLYMAT, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|