1
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Liu H, Yu Y. Biobased Polyesters with Ultrahigh UV Shielding and Water Degradation Derived from Multifunctional Tetracyclic Diesters. Biomacromolecules 2025; 26:943-953. [PMID: 39754565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
The development of biobased polyesters with the combination of high UV shielding and degradability is a significant challenge. Herein, three 4-membered cyclic monomers containing two pyrrolidone and two furan rings were prepared by the aza-Michael addition of biobased bifuran diamine and dimethyl itaconate (DMI). They were available in melt polycondensation reactions with various diols to synthesize biobased polyesters. The bifuran structure endowed the polyesters with ultrahigh UV-shielding cutoff values of up to 443 nm, which achieved the highest UV-shielding results among the commercial polyesters. The bipyrrolidone structure conferred high hydrolysis sensitivity to the polyesters, which facilitated hydrolytic degradation of the polyester in an aqueous environment. The variability of the link structure between the multirings of the three monomers can regulate the various properties of the polyesters. Overall, the 4-membered cyclic monomers are promising precursors for sustainable biobased materials in providing high UV shielding and hydrolysis sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, P. R. China
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2
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Oksanen V, Rautiainen S, Wirtanen T. Nickel-Electrocatalyzed Synthesis of Bifuran-Based Monomers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302572. [PMID: 37735957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Bifuran motifs can be accessed with nickel-bipyridine electrocatalyzed homocouplings of bromine-substituted methyl furancarboxylates, which, in turn, can be prepared from hemicellulose-derived furfural. The described protocol uses sustainable carbon-based graphite electrodes in the simplest setup - an undivided cell with constant current electrolysis. The reported method avoids using a sacrificial anode by employing triethanolamine as an electron donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Oksanen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sari Rautiainen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Industrial Synthesis & Catalysis, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
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3
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Badry R, El-Nahass MM, Nada N, Elhaes H, Ibrahim MA. UV filters and high refractive index materials based on carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and CuO@ZnO core/shell nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21159. [PMID: 38036662 PMCID: PMC10689428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have substantially contributed to the field of skincare products with ultraviolet (UV) filters to preserve human skin from sun damage. Thus, the current study aims to develop new polymer nanocomposites for the efficient block of UV light that results from the stratospheric ozone layer loss. Co-precipitation method was used to successfully synthesis CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs with a well-crystalline monoclinic CuO core and wurzite ZnO shell. Using the casting method, core/shell NPs were successfully introduced to carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC). The CMC nanocomposites displayed considerably broader optical response extending from near-ultraviolet to visible light, which was likely due to heterojunction between the p-CuO core and n-ZnO shell and defects originating from the synthetic process. The transmittance of pure CMC in the UV, visible, and near IR regions is significantly reduced with the addition of 2 and 4 wt% of CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs to CMC. 99% of UV light is absorbed when 4 wt% of CuO@ZnO core/shell NPs are added. The addition of different concentrations of CMC nanocomposite to one of the sunblock in Egyptian market were studied and showing the highest Sun Protection Factor of 22. Moreover, optical dispersion parameters and refractive index were improved strongly with core/shell NPs addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Badry
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Nahass
- Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadra Nada
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elhaes
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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4
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Yu Y, Liu H, Li J, Song H, Wei Z. Tricyclic Diester and 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid for the Synthesis of Biobased Hydrolysis Copolyesters with High Glass Transition Temperatures. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5105-5115. [PMID: 37800273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The reluctance of a polyester with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties to hydrolyze is a well-known fact, for instance, the high hydrolysis resistance of aromatic polyesters based on terephthalic acid and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The synthesis of polyesters that have a high Tg (>100 °C) and a fast hydrolytic degradation quality at the same time is a valuable topic. Herein, a renewable rigid diester, N,N'-trans-1,4-cyclohexane-bis(pyrrolidone-4-methyl carboxylate) (CBPC), was obtained via Michael addition. CBPC was copolymerized with FDCA and ethylene glycol to prepare a series of copolyesters PECxEFy with a high Mn over 30 kDa. PECxEFy showed a Tg range of 75.2-109.2 °C which outdistanced the most biobased polyesters. The thermal stability of all PECxEFy remained unchanged with the introduction of CBPC. Moreover, PECxEFy presented superior mechanical performances which were matching or exceeding those of commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA). PECxEFy was stable in air but was able to undergo noticeable hydrolytic degradation, proving their enhanced degradability. And the regulation between CBPC and FDCA composition can be leveraged to adjust the degradation and environmental durability of PECxEFy, up to practical applications. Computational studies systematically revealed the relationship between CBPC with a tricyclic structure and the improved Tg and hydrolyzation properties. The outstanding thermal and mechanical performances and hydrolysis of these copolyesters appear to be promising candidates for renewable alternatives to industrial petrochemical polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Huijia Song
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals Production, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian,116622, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian,116024, P. R. China
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5
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Guo D, Jiang K, Gan H, Ren Y, Long J, Li Y, Yin B. Template-Oriented Polyaniline-Supported Palladium Nanoclusters for Reductive Homocoupling of Furfural Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304662. [PMID: 37477076 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Developing well-defined structures and desired properties for porous organic polymer (POP) supported catalysts by controlling their composition, size, and morphology is of great significance. Herein, we report a preparation of polyaniline (PANI) supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with controllable structure and morphology. The protocol involves the introduction of MnO2 with different crystal structures (α, β, γ, δ, ϵ) serving as both the reaction template and the oxidant. The different forms of MnO2 each convert aniline to a PANI that contains a unique regular distribution of benzene and quinone. This leads to the Pd/PANI catalysts with different charge transfer properties between Pd and PANI, as well as different dispersions of the metal NPs. In this case, the Pd/ϵ-PANI catalyst greatly improves the turnover frequency (TOF; to 88.3 h-1 ), in the reductive coupling of furfural derivatives to potential bio-based plasticizers. Systematic characterizations reveal the unique oxidation state of the support in the Pd/ϵ-PANI catalyst and coordination mode of Pd that drives the formation of highly dispersed Pd nanoclusters. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show the more electron rich Pd/PANI catalyst has the lower energy barrier in the oxidative addition step, which favors the C-C coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Long
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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6
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Beppu S, Tachibana Y, Kasuya KI. Recyclable Polycarbosilane from a Biomass-Derived Bifuran-Based Monomer. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:536-542. [PMID: 37031467 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most fundamental principles for the development of next-generation polymers are production from renewable biomass and well-designed recyclability. Bifuran derivatives represent promising building blocks for functional polymers on account of their high rigidity, strong interchain interactions, and extended π-conjugation. In this study, a polycarbosilane containing a bifuran-based repeat unit was prepared via the hydrosilylation of dihydrosilylbifuran and 1,5-hexadiene. The crystallinity and thermal properties of the bifuran-containing polycarbosilane were superior to those of a corresponding polycarbosilane containing a single-furan-based repeat unit and comparable to those of the benzene-based analogue due to the rigidity and interchain interactions of the poly(bifurancarbosilane) unit. The bifuran moiety in the repeat unit causes a red-shift and strong UV absorption of the polycarbosilane compared to that containing the single-furan-based and benzene-based repeat units. The bifuran moiety also renders the resulting polycarbosilane strongly fluorescent, while the polycarbosilanes containing the benzene-based and single-furan-ring-based repeat units did not emit fluorescence. These desirable photoproperties result from the extension of the σ-π conjugation in the repeat unit. Furthermore, the chemical recyclability is a unique and attractive property of the bifuran-based polycarbosilane; upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid, bifuran can be regenerated as the monomer, while trifluoroacetate silane can be up-cycled to the corresponding polysiloxane. Thus, the bifuran motif endows polycarbosilane with improved thermal, optical, and recycling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Beppu
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yuya Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Kasuya
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
- Gunma University Center for Food Science and Wellness, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
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7
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Kainulainen T, Parviainen TAO, Sirviö JA, McGeachie LJR, Heiskanen JP. High Oxygen Barrier Polyester from 3,3'-Bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylic Acid. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:147-151. [PMID: 36638046 PMCID: PMC9948531 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An exceptional oxygen barrier polyester prepared from a new biomass-derived monomer, 3,3'-bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid, is reported. When exposed to air, the furan-based polyester cross-links and gains O2 permeability 2 orders of magnitude lower than initially, resulting in performance comparable to the best polymers in this class, such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers. The cross-links hinder the crystallization of amorphous samples, also rendering them insoluble. The process was observable via UV-vis measurements, which showed a gradual increase of absorbance between wavelengths of 320 and 520 nm in free-standing films. The structural trigger bringing about these changes appears subtle: the polyester containing 5,5'-disubstituted 3,3'-bifuran moieties cross-linked, whereas the polyester with 5,5'-disubstituted 2,2'-bifuran moieties was inert. The 3,3'-bifuran-based polyester is effectively a semicrystalline thermoplastic, which is slowly converted into a cross-linked material with intriguing material properties once sufficiently exposed to ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo
P. Kainulainen
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomi A. O. Parviainen
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre
and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Liam J. R. McGeachie
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P. Heiskanen
- Research
Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland,
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8
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Synthesis of High-T Fluorinated Polyesters Based on 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Lv X, Luo F, Zheng L, Niu R, Liu Y, Xie Q, Song D, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Zhu S. Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene furandicarboxylate): Effect of butylene furandicarboxylate unit on thermal, mechanical, and ultraviolet shielding properties, and biodegradability. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Lv
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Faliang Luo
- High‐Efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan China
| | - Liuchun Zheng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Ruixue Niu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning China
| | - Qiqi Xie
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - DanQing Song
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - YunChuan Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Tianbo Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Shifan Zhu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
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10
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Weathering of Furan and 2,2’-Bifuran Polyester and Copolyester Films. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Ahmed AM, Kainulainen TP, Sirviö JA, Heiskanen JP. Renewable Furfural-Based Polyesters Bearing Sulfur-Bridged Difuran Moieties with High Oxygen Barrier Properties. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1803-1811. [PMID: 35319861 PMCID: PMC9006217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
With the goal of
achieving high barrier with bio-based materials,
for example, for packaging applications, a series of novel furfural-based
polyesters bearing sulfide-bridged difuran dicarboxylic acid units
with high oxygen barrier properties were synthesized and characterized.
For the novel poly(alkylene sulfanediyldifuranoate)s, a 11.2–1.9×
higher barrier improvement factor compared to amorphous poly(ethylene
terephthalate) was observed which places the novel polyesters in the
top class among previously reported 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)
and 2,2′-bifuran-based polyesters. Titanium-catalyzed polycondensation
reactions between the novel synthesized monomer, dimethyl 5,5′-sulfanediyldi(furan-2-carboxylate),
and four different diols, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol,
and 1,5-pentanediol, afforded difuran polyesters with high intrinsic
viscosities (0.76–0.90 dL/g). These polyesters had good thermal
stability, decomposing at 342–363 and 328–570 °C
under nitrogen and air, respectively, which allowed processing them
into free-standing films via melt-pressing. In tensile testing of
the film specimens, tensile moduli in the range of 0.4–2.6
GPa were recorded, with higher values observed for the polyesters
with shorter diol units. Interestingly, besides the low oxygen permeability,
the renewable sulfide-bridged furan monomer also endowed the polyesters
with slight UV shielding effect, with cutoff wavelengths of ca. 350
nm, in contrast to FDCA-based polyesters, which lack significant UV
light absorption at over 300 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Ahmed
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo P Kainulainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Heiskanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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12
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Liu J, Moreno A, Chang J, Morsali M, Yuan J, Sipponen MH. Fully Biobased Photothermal Films and Coatings for Indoor Ultraviolet Radiation and Heat Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12693-12702. [PMID: 35230795 PMCID: PMC8931727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable materials are needed to mitigate against the increase in energy consumption resulting from population growth and urbanization. Here, we report fully biobased nanocomposite films and coatings that display efficient photothermal activity and selective absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The nanocomposites with 20 wt % of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) embedded in a chitosan matrix displayed an efficient UV blocking of 97% at 400 nm along with solar energy-harvesting properties. The reflectance spectra of the nanocomposite films revealed the importance of well-dispersed nanoparticles in the matrix to achieve efficient UV-blocking properties. Finally, yet importantly, we demonstrate the nanocomposites with 20 wt % LNPs as photothermal glass coatings for passive cooling of indoor temperature by simply tailoring the coating thickness. Under simulated solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm2, the 20 μm coating achieved a 58% decrease in the temperature increment in comparison to the system with uncoated glass. These renewable nanocomposite films and coatings are highly promising sustainable solutions to facilitate indoor thermal management and improve human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Liu
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Moreno
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Chang
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Morsali
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Hanson KG, Lin CH, Abu-Omar MM. Preparation and properties of renewable polyesters based on lignin-derived bisphenol. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Zhu J, Yin G. Catalytic Transformation of the Furfural Platform into Bifunctionalized Monomers for Polymer Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guochuan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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15
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Ahmed AM, Kainulainen TP, Heiskanen JP. Furfural-Based Modification of PET for UV-Blocking Copolymers with Decreased Oxygen Permeability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Ahmed
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo P. Kainulainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P. Heiskanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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16
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Wang P, Zhang B. Sustainable aromatic polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16480-16489. [PMID: 35479171 PMCID: PMC9031847 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to unravel the impact of disubstitution patterns on the physical properties and processing characteristics of indole-based aromatic polyesters. A series of hydroxyl-carboxylate (AB-type) monomers with 1,5-disubstituted indole and 3-6 methylene units was conveniently synthesized and used in bulk polycondensation to yield the corresponding polyesters with decent molecular weight. These new monomers and polyesters showed enhanced thermal stability compared to the previously reported monomers and polyesters with a 1,3-disubstituted indole structure. According to DSC results, these polyesters showed tunable glass transition temperatures (T g ∼57-80 °C), depending on the length of the aliphatic methylene units. DSC and WAXD measurements revealed that these polymers did not crystalize from melt, but the ones with 3 or 5 methylene units per repeating unit crystalized from solution. Finally, we demonstrated that the new polyesters with 1,5-disubstituted indole units could be crosslinked using sustainable aromatic aldehyde, which could further enhance their thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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Synthesis of polyarylates and aliphatic polyesters by divalent acyl-1,2,4-triazole: a route to metal-free synthesis at low temperature. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel method for the synthesis of ester and amide derivatives containing furan rings (furfural derivatives) under mild synthetic conditions supported by microwave radiation. N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)furan-2-carboxamide and furan-2-ylmethyl furan-2-carboxylate were produced using 2-furoic acid, furfurylamine, and furfuryl alcohol. The reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor in the presence of effective coupling reagents: DMT/NMM/TsO− or EDC. The reaction time, the solvent, and the amounts of the substrates were optimized. After crystallization or flash chromatography, the final compounds were isolated with good or very good yields. Our method allows for the synthesis of N-blocked amides using N-blocked amino acids (Boc, Cbz, Fmoc) and amine. As well as compounds with a monoamide and ester moiety, products with diamides and diester bonds (N,N-bis(furan-2-ylmethyl)furan-2,5-dicarboxamide, bis(furan-2-ylmethyl) furan-2,5-dicarboxylate, and furan-3,4-diylbis(methylene) bis(furan-2-carboxylate)) were synthesized with moderate yields in the presence of DMT/NMM/TsO– or EDC, using 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as substrates.
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19
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Hayashi S, Tachibana Y, Tabata N, Kasuya KI. Chemically recyclable bio-based polyester composed of bifuran and glycerol acetal. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Xie Y, Yu B, Luo J, Yin B, Jiang H. Synthesis of [2,2’]Bifuranyl‐5,5’‐dicarboxylic Acid Esters
via
Reductive Homocoupling of
5‐Bromofuran
‐2‐carboxylates Using Alcohols as Reductants
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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21
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Lei Y, Zhang S, Shen G, Zhu J, Xue JW, Chen Z, Yin G. Feasible Synthesis of a Bifuran-Based Monomer for Polymer Synthesis from a Hemicellulose-Derived Platform. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guanfei Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jinlian Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhuqi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guochuan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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22
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Quilez-Molina AI, Marini L, Athanassiou A, Bayer IS. UV-Blocking, Transparent, and Antioxidant Polycyanoacrylate Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2011. [PMID: 32899256 PMCID: PMC7564323 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of cyanoacrylate monomers are generally limited to adhesives/glues (instant or superglues) and forensic sciences. They tend to polymerize rapidly into rigid structures when exposed to trace amounts of moisture. Transforming cyanoacrylate monomers into transparent polymeric films or coatings can open up several new applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and have surgical uses. Like other acrylics, cyanoacrylate polymers are glassy and rigid. To circumvent this, we prepared transparent cyanoacrylate films by solvent casting from a readily biodegrade solvent, cyclopentanone. To improve the ductility of the films, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) biopolymer was used as an additive (maximum 5 wt.%) while maintaining transparency. Additionally, ductile films were functionalized with caffeic acid (maximum 2 wt.%), with no loss of transparency while establishing highly effective double functionality, i.e., antioxidant effect and effective UV-absorbing capability. Less than 25 mg antioxidant caffeic acid release per gram film was achieved within a 24-h period, conforming to food safety regulations. Within 2 h, films achieved 100% radical inhibition levels. Films displayed zero UVC (100-280 nm) and UVB (280-315 nm), and ~15% UVA (315-400 nm) radiation transmittance comparable to advanced sunscreen materials containing ZnO nanoparticles or quantum dots. Transparent films also exhibited promising water vapor and oxygen barrier properties, outperforming low-density polyethylene (LPDE) films. Several potential applications can be envisioned such as films for fatty food preservation, biofilms for sun screening, and biomedical films for free-radical inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Quilez-Molina
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.)
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingenieria, Robotica e Ingenieria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), Università di Genova, Via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Lara Marini
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Ilker S. Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.)
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23
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Zhang H, Zhou G, Jiang M, Zhang H, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang R. Bio-Based Polyesters with High Glass-Transition Temperatures and Gas Barrier Properties Derived from Renewable Rigid Tricyclic Diacid or Tetracyclic Anhydride. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wu
- School of New Energy and Materials, State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL 22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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25
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Kainulainen TP, Hukka TI, Özeren HD, Sirviö JA, Hedenqvist MS, Heiskanen JP. Utilizing Furfural-Based Bifuran Diester as Monomer and Comonomer for High-Performance Bioplastics: Properties of Poly(butylene furanoate), Poly(butylene bifuranoate), and Their Copolyesters. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:743-752. [PMID: 31790208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two homopolyesters and a series of novel random copolyesters were synthesized from two bio-based diacid esters, dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate, a well-known renewable monomer, and dimethyl 2,2'-bifuran-5,5'-dicarboxylate, a more uncommon diacid based on biochemical furfural. Compared to homopolyesters poly(butylene furanoate) (PBF) and poly(butylene bifuranoate) (PBBf), their random copolyesters differed dramatically in that their melting temperatures were either lowered significantly or they showed no crystallinity at all. However, the thermal stabilities of the homopolyesters and the copolyesters were comparable. Based on tensile tests from amorphous film specimens, it was concluded that the elastic moduli, tensile strengths, and elongation at break values for all copolyesters were similar as well, irrespective of the furan:bifuran molar ratio. Tensile moduli of approximately 2 GPa and tensile strengths up to 66 MPa were observed for amorphous film specimens prepared from the copolyesters. However, copolymerizing bifuran units into PBF allowed the glass transition temperature to be increased by increasing the amount of bifuran units. Besides enhancing the glass transition temperatures, the bifuran units also conferred the copolyesters with significant UV absorbance. This combined with the highly amorphous nature of the copolyesters allowed them to be melt-pressed into highly transparent films with very low ultraviolet light transmission. It was also found that furan-bifuran copolyesters could be as effective, or better, oxygen barrier materials as neat PBF or PBBf, which themselves were found superior to common barrier polyesters such as PET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terttu I Hukka
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere , Finland
| | - Hüsamettin D Özeren
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Mikael S Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 , Stockholm , Sweden
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27
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Pang C, Jiang X, Yu Y, Chen L, Ma J, Gao H. Copolymerization of Natural Camphor-Derived Rigid Diol with Various Dicarboxylic Acids: Access to Biobased Polyesters with Various Properties. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1442-1448. [PMID: 35651189 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, alicyclic (1R,3S)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dimethanol (TCDM), derived from natural camphor, was copolymerized with linear α,ω-diacids, terephthalic acid (TPA), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), affording a series of polyesters with functional properties. 2D NMR spectroscopy revealed that the stereoconfiguration of TCDM was preserved after polymerization. The TCDM polyester based on TPA showed high thermostability, high Tg value (115 °C), high modulus (1.3 GPa), and high ultimate strength (29.8 MPa). The TCDM polyester based on 1,4-succinic acid exhibited excellent ductility and resilience. Lastly, the rigidity analysis based on van Krevelen's group contribution method, coupled with the comparisons between TCDM- and sugar-based polyesters, confirmed that TCDM is a highly reactive and rigid diol. Results indicate that TCDM polyesters are suitable for a wide range of applications, including hot-filled containers and transparent packaging materials. This work addresses some critical needs for high performance biopolymers such as achieving high Tg values, high thermostability, and high transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Binshui West Road 391, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xueshuang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Binshui West Road 391, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Binshui West Road 391, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Binshui West Road 391, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Binshui West Road 391, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology, Binshui West Road 391, Tianjin 300384, China
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28
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Hatti-Kaul R, Nilsson LJ, Zhang B, Rehnberg N, Lundmark S. Designing Biobased Recyclable Polymers for Plastics. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 38:50-67. [PMID: 31151764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several concurrent developments are shaping the future of plastics. A transition to a sustainable plastics system requires not only a shift to fossil-free feedstock and energy to produce the carbon-neutral building blocks for polymers used in plastics, but also a rational design of the polymers with both desired material properties for functionality and features facilitating their recyclability. Biotechnology has an important role in producing polymer building blocks from renewable feedstocks, and also shows potential for recycling of polymers. Here, we present strategies for improving the performance and recyclability of the polymers, for enhancing degradability to monomers, and for improving chemical recyclability by designing polymers with different chemical functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lars J Nilsson
- Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Rehnberg
- Bona Sweden AB, Murmansgatan 130, Box 210 74, SE-200 21, Malmö, Sweden
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29
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Preparation and Characterization of UV-absorbing PVDF Membranes via Pre-irradiation Induced Graft Polymerization. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Wang P, Arza CR, Zhang B. Indole as a new sustainable aromatic unit for high quality biopolyesters. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00962g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, indole has been used as a sustainable aromatic unit to produce high quality biopolyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Lund University
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis
- SE-22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Carlos R. Arza
- Lund University
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis
- SE-22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Lund University
- Centre of Analysis and Synthesis
- SE-22100 Lund
- Sweden
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