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Zhang S, Ji Y, He Y, Dong J, Li H, Yu S. Effect of Environmental pH on the Mechanics of Chitin and Chitosan: A Single-Molecule Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:995. [PMID: 38611253 PMCID: PMC11014069 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are important structural macromolecules for most fungi and marine crustaceans. The functions and application areas of the two molecules are also adjacent beyond their similar molecular structure, such as tissue engineering and food safety where solution systems are involved. However, the elasticities of chitin and chitosan in solution lack comparison at the molecular level. In this study, the single-molecule elasticities of chitin and chitosan in different solutions are investigated via atomic force microscope (AFM) based single-molecule spectroscopy (SMFS). The results manifest that the two macromolecules share the similar inherent elasticity in DOSM due to their same chain backbone. However, obvious elastic deviations can be observed in aqueous conditions. Especially, a lower pH value (acid environment) is helpful to increase the elasticity of both chitin and chitosan. On the contrary, the tendency of elastic variation of chitin and chitosan in a larger pH value (alkaline environment) shows obvious diversity, which is mainly determined by the side groups. This basic study may produce enlightenment for the design of intelligent chitin and chitosan food packaging and biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shirui Yu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (J.D.); (H.L.)
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2
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Yu M, Guo X, Zhang K, Kang X, Zhang S, Qian L. Hyaluronic Acid Unveiled: Exploring the Nanomechanics and Water Retention Properties at the Single-Molecule Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2616-2623. [PMID: 38251884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a vital glycosaminoglycan in living organisms, possesses remarkable mechanical and viscoelastic properties that have garnered significant attention in therapeutic, biomedical, and cosmetic applications. However, a comprehensive picture of the physicochemical and biocharacterization of HA at the single-molecule level remains elusive. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to investigate the nanomechanics and water retention properties of HA at the single-molecule level. The present study aims to unravel the intricate details of the influence of molecular structure on HA behavior and shed light on its unique attributes. According to the force measurements, the energy used to stretch a HA chain in water is 8.45 kJ/mol, significantly surpassing that of Curdlan (3.45 kJ/mol) and chitin (2.23 kJ/mol), both of which possess molecular structures partially similar to that of HA. Intriguingly, the strength of the intrachain interaction of HA (5.54 kJ/mol) was considerably weaker compared to Curdlan (11.06 kJ/mol) and chitin (or cellulose, 10.76 kJ/mol). This result indicates that HA exhibits a preference for interacting with water rather than with itself, thereby showing enhanced water affinity. Moreover, the force measurements demonstrated that changing the glycosidic bond from β-(1-3) (Curdlan) or β-(1-4) (chitin or cellulose) to β-(1-3) + β-(1-4) (HA) resulted in polysaccharides displaying improved water affinity and more extended conformation. These conclusions were further verified by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Overall, our work sheds new light on the nanomechanics and water retention properties of HA at the single-molecule level, offering valuable insights for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, Guizhou, China
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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3
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Zhang S, Zheng H, Miao X, Zhang G, Song Y, Kang X, Qian L. Surprising Nanomechanical and Conformational Transition of Neutral Polyacrylamide in Monovalent Saline Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10088-10096. [PMID: 37939001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide (PAM) is one of the most important water-soluble polymers that has been extensively applied in water treatment, drug delivery, and flexible electronic devices. The basic properties, e.g., microstructure, nanomechanics, and solubility, are deeply involved in the performance of PAM materials. Current research has paid more attention to the development and expansion of the macroscopic properties of PAM materials, and the study of the mechanism involved with the roles of water and ions on the properties of PAM is insufficient, especially for the behaviors of neutral amide side groups. In this study, single molecule force spectroscopy was combined with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, atomic force microscope imaging, and dynamic light scattering to investigate the effects of monovalent ions on the nanomechanics and molecular conformations of neutral PAM (NPAM). These results show that the single-molecule elasticity and conformation of NPAM exhibit huge variation in different monovalent salt solutions. NPAM adopts an extended conformation in aqueous solutions of strong hydrated ion (acetate), while transforms into a collapse globule in the existence of weakly hydrated ion (SCN-). It is believed that the competition between intramolecular and intermolecular weak interactions plays a key role to adjust the molecular conformation and elasticity of NPAM. The competition can be largely influenced by the type of monovalent ions through hydration or a chaotropic effect. Methods utilized in this study provide a means to better understand the Hofmeister effect of ions on other macromolecules containing amide groups at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Huayan Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohe Miao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Physical Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Ya Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
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4
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Zhang S, Yu M, Zhang G, He G, Ji Y, Dong J, Zheng H, Qian L. Revealing the Control Mechanisms of pH on the Solution Properties of Chitin via Single-Molecule Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:6769. [PMID: 37836611 PMCID: PMC10574145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is one of the most common polysaccharides and is abundant in the cell walls of fungi and the shells of insects and aquatic organisms as a skeleton. The mechanism of how chitin responds to pH is essential to the precise control of brewing and the design of smart chitin materials. However, this molecular mechanism remains a mystery. Results from single-molecule studies, including single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), AFM imaging, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, have shown that the mechanical and conformational behaviors of chitin molecules show surprising pH responsiveness. This can be compared with how, in natural aqueous solutions, chitin tends to form a more relaxed spreading conformation and show considerable elasticity under low stretching forces in acidic conditions. However, its molecular chain collapses into a rigid globule in alkaline solutions. The results show that the chain state of chitin can be regulated by the proportions of inter- and intramolecular H-bonds, which are determined via the number of water bridges on the chain under different pH values. This basic study may be helpful for understanding the cellular activities of fungi under pH stress and the design of chitin-based drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (S.Z.); (G.Z.); (G.H.); (Y.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (S.Z.); (G.Z.); (G.H.); (Y.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Guanmei He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (S.Z.); (G.Z.); (G.H.); (Y.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Yunxu Ji
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (S.Z.); (G.Z.); (G.H.); (Y.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Juan Dong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (S.Z.); (G.Z.); (G.H.); (Y.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Huayan Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China; (S.Z.); (G.Z.); (G.H.); (Y.J.); (J.D.)
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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5
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Yu M, Zhang K, Guo X, Qian L. Effects of the Degree of Deacetylation on the Single-Molecule Mechanics of Chitosans. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4261-4267. [PMID: 37141100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most prevalent biomass materials, and its physicochemical and biological characteristics, such as solubility, crystallinity, flocculation ability, biodegradability, and amino-related chemical processes, are directly connected to the degree of deacetylation (DD). However, the specifics about the effects of the DD on the characteristics of chitosan are still unclear up to now. In this work, atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule force spectroscopy was used to study the role of the DD in the single-molecule mechanics of chitosan. Even though the DD varies largely (17% ≤ DD ≤ 95%), the experimental results demonstrate that the chitosans exhibit the same natural (in nonane) and backbone (in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) single-chain elasticity. This suggests that chitosans have the same intra-chain hydrogen bond (H-bond) state in nonane and to which these H-bonds can be eliminated in DMSO. However, when the experiments are carried out in ethylene glycol (EG) and water, the single-chain mechanics are increased with the increases of the DD. The energy consumed to stretch chitosans in water is larger than that in EG, indicating that amino can form a strong interaction with water and induce the formation of the binding water around the sugar rings. The strong interaction between water and amino may be the key factor for the well solubility and chemical activity of chitosan. The results of this work are anticipated to provide fresh light on the significant role played by the DD and water in the structures and functions of chitosan at the single molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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6
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Del Mundo JT, Rongpipi S, Yang H, Ye D, Kiemle SN, Moffitt SL, Troxel CL, Toney MF, Zhu C, Kubicki JD, Cosgrove DJ, Gomez EW, Gomez ED. Grazing-incidence diffraction reveals cellulose and pectin organization in hydrated plant primary cell wall. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5421. [PMID: 37012389 PMCID: PMC10070456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cell wall is highly hydrated in its native state, yet many structural studies have been conducted on dried samples. Here, we use grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) with a humidity chamber, which enhances scattering and the signal-to-noise ratio while keeping outer onion epidermal peels hydrated, to examine cell wall properties. GIWAXS of hydrated and dried onion reveals that the cellulose ([Formula: see text]) lattice spacing decreases slightly upon drying, while the (200) lattice parameters are unchanged. Additionally, the ([Formula: see text]) diffraction intensity increases relative to (200). Density functional theory models of hydrated and dry cellulose microfibrils corroborate changes in crystalline properties upon drying. GIWAXS also reveals a peak that we attribute to pectin chain aggregation. We speculate that dehydration perturbs the hydrogen bonding network within cellulose crystals and collapses the pectin network without affecting the lateral distribution of pectin chain aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Del Mundo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sintu Rongpipi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah N Kiemle
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Charles L Troxel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resource Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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7
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Qian L, Zhang K, Guo X, Yu M. What happens when chitin becomes chitosan? A single-molecule study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2294-2300. [PMID: 36741137 PMCID: PMC9841443 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are important support structures for many organisms and are important renewable macromolecular biomass resources. Structurally, with the removal of acetyl group, the solubility of chitosan is improved. However, the specific mechanism of solubility enhancement from chitin to chitosan is still unclear. In this study, the atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) was used to obtain the single-chain mechanical behavior of chitin and chitosan. The results show that the hydrogen (H)-bonds' state, which can be influenced by the solvent, determines the degree of binding water (solubility) of polysaccharides, and that the binding water energy of a single chitosan chain is 6 times higher than that of chitin in water. Thus, H-bonding is the key to solubility enhancement and can be used to modulate the solubility properties of chitosan. It is expected that our studies can help to understand the structural and functional properties of chitin and chitosan at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China
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8
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Aramfard M, Kaynan O, Hosseini E, Zakertabrizi M, Pérez LM, Asadi A. Aqueous Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials with Cellulose Nanocrystals: An Investigation of Molecular Interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202216. [PMID: 35902243 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dispersing carbon nanomaterials in solvents is effective in transferring their significant mechanical and functional properties to polymers and nanocomposites. However, poor dispersion of carbon nanomaterials impedes exploiting their full potential in nanocomposites. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are promising for dispersing and stabilizing pristine carbon nanotubes (pCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (pGnP) in protic media without functionalization. Here, the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level are investigated between CNC and pCNT/pGnP that stabilize their dispersion in polar solvents. Based on the spectroscopy and microscopy characterization of CNCpCNT/pGnP and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an additional intermolecular mechanism is proposed between CNC and pCNT/pGnP that forms carbonoxygen covalent bonds between hydroxyl end groups of CNCs and the defected sites of pCNTs/pGnPs preventing re-agglomeration in polar solvents. This work's findings indicate that the CNC-assisted process enables new capabilities in harnessing nanostructures at the molecular level and tailoring the performance of nanocomposites at higher length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aramfard
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ozge Kaynan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| | - Ehsan Hosseini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| | - Mohammad Zakertabrizi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
| | - Lisa M Pérez
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, MS 3361, College Station, TX, 77843-3361, USA
| | - Amir Asadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3367, USA
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9
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Bao Y, Huang X, Xu D, Xu J, Jiang L, Lu ZY, Cui S. Bound water governs the single-chain property of Poly(vinyl alcohol) in aqueous environments. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Qian L, Zhang K, Guo X, Zhou J, Yu M. Single-Chain Mechanical Properties of Gelatin: A Single-Molecule Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:869. [PMID: 35267692 PMCID: PMC8912665 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is an important natural biological resource with a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical, industrial and food industries. We investigated the single-chain behaviors of gelatin by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), and found that gelatin exists as long chains by fitting with the M-FJC model. By comparing the single-chain elasticity in a nonpolar organic solvent (nonane) and DI water, it was surprising to find that there was almost no difference in the single-chain elasticity of gelatin in nonane and DI water. Considering the specificity of gelatin solubility and the solvent size effect of nonane molecules, when a single gelatin chain is pulled into loose nonane, dehydration does not occur due to strong binding water interactions. Gelatin chains can only interact with water molecules at high temperatures; therefore, no further interaction of single gelatin chains with water molecules occurred at the experimental temperature. This eventually led to almost no difference in the single-chain F-E curves under the two conditions. It is expected that our study will enable the deep exploration of the interaction between water molecules and gelatin and provide a theoretical basis and experimental foundation for the design of gelatin-based materials with more functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (K.Z.); (X.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (K.Z.); (X.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyu Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (K.Z.); (X.G.); (J.Z.)
| | - Miao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (K.Z.); (X.G.); (J.Z.)
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11
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Yang JX, Qian HJ, Gong Z, Lu ZY, Cui SX. Stretching Elasticity and Flexibility of Single Polyformaldehyde Chain. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Zhang F, Gong Z, Cai W, Qian HJ, Lu ZY, Cui S. Single-chain mechanics of cis-1,4-polyisoprene and polysulfide. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Gong Z, Zhang Y, Lu H, Cui S. Single-chain Mechanics of Proline-based Polyesters. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Bao Y, Huang X, Xu J, Cui S. Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds on the Single-Chain Elasticity of Poly(vinyl alcohol): Evidencing the Synergistic Enhancement Effect at the Single-Molecule Level. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bao
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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15
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Zhu J, Lu K, Liu H, Bao X, Yang M, Chen L, Yu L. Influence of Moisture Content on Starch Esterification by Solvent‐Free Method. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Kai Lu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
- Sino‐Singapore International Joint Research Institute Guangzhou Knowledge City Guangzhou 510663 China
| | - Xianyang Bao
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mao Yang
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ling Chen
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Long Yu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resource School of Food Science and Engineering SCUT Guangzhou 510640 China
- Sino‐Singapore International Joint Research Institute Guangzhou Knowledge City Guangzhou 510663 China
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