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Fraenza CC, Greenbaum SG, Suarez SN. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Pathways in Electrolytes for Energy Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10373. [PMID: 37373520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spin relaxation times have been an instrumental tool in deciphering the local environment of ionic species, the various interactions they engender and the effect of these interactions on their dynamics in conducting media. Of particular importance has been their application in studying the wide range of electrolytes for energy storage, on which this review is based. Here we highlight some of the research carried out on electrolytes in recent years using NMR relaxometry techniques. Specifically, we highlight studies on liquid electrolytes, such as ionic liquids and organic solvents; on semi-solid-state electrolytes, such as ionogels and polymer gels; and on solid electrolytes such as glasses, glass ceramics and polymers. Although this review focuses on a small selection of materials, we believe they demonstrate the breadth of application and the invaluable nature of NMR relaxometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C Fraenza
- Physics Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Steve G Greenbaum
- Physics Department, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Physics Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sophia N Suarez
- Physics Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Physics Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
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Chubak I, Alon L, Silletta EV, Madelin G, Jerschow A, Rotenberg B. Quadrupolar 23Na + NMR relaxation as a probe of subpicosecond collective dynamics in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:84. [PMID: 36604414 PMCID: PMC9816157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry represents a powerful tool for extracting dynamic information. Yet, obtaining links to molecular motion is challenging for many ions that relax through the quadrupolar mechanism, which is mediated by electric field gradient fluctuations and lacks a detailed microscopic description. For sodium ions in aqueous electrolytes, we combine ab initio calculations to account for electron cloud effects with classical molecular dynamics to sample long-time fluctuations, and obtain relaxation rates in good agreement with experiments over broad concentration and temperature ranges. We demonstrate that quadrupolar nuclear relaxation is sensitive to subpicosecond dynamics not captured by previous models based on water reorientation or cluster rotation. While ions affect the overall water retardation, experimental trends are mainly explained by dynamics in the first two solvation shells of sodium, which contain mostly water. This work thus paves the way to the quantitative understanding of quadrupolar relaxation in electrolyte and bioelectrolyte systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Chubak
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Physico-Chimie des électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Leeor Alon
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, 660 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Emilia V Silletta
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación, Medina Allende s/n, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola, CONICET, Medina Allende s/n, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, 660 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- New York University, Department of Chemistry, 100 Washington Square E, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne Université CNRS, Physico-Chimie des électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Jones S, Bamford J, Fredrickson GH, Segalman RA. Decoupling Ion Transport and Matrix Dynamics to Make High Performance Solid Polymer Electrolytes. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:430-448. [PMID: 36561285 PMCID: PMC9761859 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Transport of ions through solid polymeric electrolytes (SPEs) involves a complicated interplay of ion solvation, ion-ion interactions, ion-polymer interactions, and free volume. Nonetheless, prevailing viewpoints on the subject promote a significantly simplified picture, likening ion transport in a polymer to that in an unstructured fluid at low solute concentrations. Although this idealized liquid transport model has been successful in guiding the design of homogeneous electrolytes, structured electrolytes provide a promising alternate route to achieve high ionic conductivity and selectivity. In this perspective, we begin by describing the physical origins of the idealized liquid transport mechanism and then proceed to examine known cases of decoupling between the matrix dynamics and ionic transport in SPEs. Specifically we discuss conditions for "decoupled" mobility that include a highly polar electrolyte environment, a percolated path of free volume elements (either through structured or unstructured channels), high ion concentrations, and labile ion-electrolyte interactions. Finally, we proceed to reflect on the potential of these mechanisms to promote multivalent ion conductivity and the need for research into the interfacial properties of solid polymer electrolytes as well as their performance at elevated potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus
D. Jones
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - James Bamford
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States,Mitsubishi
Chemical Center for Advanced Materials, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,
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Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques for Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Volkov VI, Yarmolenko OV, Chernyak AV, Slesarenko NA, Avilova IA, Baymuratova GR, Yudina AV. Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied by NMR Techniques. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040416. [PMID: 35448386 PMCID: PMC9028971 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to different types of novel polymer electrolytes for lithium power sources developed during the last decade. In the first part, the compositions and conductivity of various polymer electrolytes are considered. The second part contains NMR applications to the ion transport mechanism. Polymer electrolytes prevail over liquid electrolytes because of their exploitation safety and wider working temperature ranges. The gel electrolytes are mainly attractive. The systems based on polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, etc., modified by nanoparticle (TiO2, SiO2, etc.) additives and ionic liquids are considered in detail. NMR techniques such as high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed-field gradient NMR applications are discussed. 1H, 7Li, and 19F NMR methods applied to polymer electrolytes are considered. Primary attention is given to the revelation of the ion transport mechanism. A nanochannel structure, compositions of ion complexes, and mobilities of cations and anions studied by NMR, quantum-chemical, and ionic conductivity methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I. Volkov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Olga V. Yarmolenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
| | - Alexander V. Chernyak
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Slesarenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
| | - Irina A. Avilova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
| | - Guzaliya R. Baymuratova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
| | - Alena V. Yudina
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (O.V.Y.); (A.V.C.); (N.A.S.); (I.A.A.); (G.R.B.); (A.V.Y.)
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Molecular-level insights into structure and dynamics in ionic liquids and polymer gel electrolytes. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pipertzis A, Papamokos G, Sachnik O, Allard S, Scherf U, Floudas G. Ionic Conductivity in Polyfluorene-Based Diblock Copolymers Comprising Nanodomains of a Polymerized Ionic Liquid and a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Doped with LiTFSI. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Pipertzis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Papamokos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Oskar Sachnik
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (cm@s), Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sybille Allard
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (cm@s), Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems (cm@s), Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI) − Institute of Materials Science and Computing, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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Voropaeva DY, Novikova SA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The results of studies on polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries are analyzed and generalized. Progress in this field of research is driven by the need for solid-state batteries characterized by safety and stable operation. At present, a number of polymer electrolytes with a conductivity of at least 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C were synthesized. Main types of polymer electrolytes are described, viz., polymer/salt electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes containing inorganic particles and anion acceptors, and polymer electrolytes based on cation-exchange membranes. Ion transport mechanisms and various methods for increasing the ionic conductivity in these systems are discussed. Prospects of application of polymer electrolytes in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries are outlined.
The bibliography includes 349 references.
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Loo WS, Faraone A, Grundy LS, Gao KW, Balsara NP. Polymer Dynamics in Block Copolymer Electrolytes Detected by Neutron Spin Echo. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:639-645. [PMID: 35648570 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer chain dynamics of a nanostructured block copolymer electrolyte, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) mixed with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, are investigated by neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy on the 0.1-100 ns time scale and analyzed using the Rouse model at short times (t ≤ 10 ns) and the reptation tube model at long times (t ≥ 50 ns). In the Rouse regime, the monomeric friction coefficient increases with increasing salt concentration, as seen previously in homopolymer electrolytes. In the reptation regime, the tube diameters, which represent entanglement constraints, decrease with increasing salt concentration. The normalized longest molecular relaxation time, calculated from the NSE results, increases with increasing salt concentration. We argue that quantifying chain motion in the presence of ions is essential for predicting the behavior of polymer-electrolyte-based batteries operating at large currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Antonio Faraone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Shen KH, Hall LM. Ion Conductivity and Correlations in Model Salt-Doped Polymers: Effects of Interaction Strength and Concentration. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsuan Shen
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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