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Tsolaki E, McCartney F, Healy AM, Brayden DJ, Ferguson S. Solidified ionic liquid-based formulations of metformin with enhanced GI epithelial permeability. Int J Pharm 2025; 678:125649. [PMID: 40320021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/07/2025]
Abstract
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Ionic Liquids (API-ILs) can enhance intestinal epithelial membrane permeability of poorly bioavailable APIs, improving bioavailability. However, clinical and commercial application is to date limited due to challenging physical handling properties. Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) are commonly used to enhance intestinal drug absorption but face challenges including low drug-loading capacity and limited stability. To address these issues, a method for transforming liquid API-ILs and LBFs into high-loading solid forms via spray-encapsulation with polymers was developed. Here the method was applied to a lipophilic API-IL of BCS Class III, namely metformin, and multi-component API-IL solutions containing known intestinal permeation enhancers (Labrasol®, docusate). The spray-encapsulated solid formulations exhibited improved handling, self-emulsified in both phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), while exhibiting superior in vitro release profiles compared to the liquid formulations. Ex vivo permeability studies on metformin docusate formulations using rat intestinal mucosae in Ussing chambers demonstrated a 2.3- to 6.3-fold increase in permeability (Papp) for solidified formulations, with metformin hydrochloride as the control. Further studies revealed a correlation between docusate concentration and permeability enhancement. These findings highlight the potential of solidified docusate-based lipophilic API-IL formulations to improve membrane permeability of poorly bioavailable APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsolaki
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, The Research Ireland Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, the Research Irealnd Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona McCartney
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- SSPC, the Research Irealnd Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; EPSRC-SFI Centre for Doctoral Training in Transformative Pharmaceutical Technologies, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Steven Ferguson
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, The Research Ireland Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, the Research Irealnd Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, 24 Foster's Ave, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland.
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2
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Grassiri B, Esin S, Piatek ME, More O'Ferrall L, Sake JA, Griffith DM, Kavanagh K, Ehrhardt C, Maria Piras A, Batoni G, Marie Healy A. The activity of a Ga(III) catecholate complex against Aspergillus fumigatus in conditions mimicking cystic fibrosis lung and inhaled formulations for its pulmonary administration. Int J Pharm 2024; 667:124871. [PMID: 39490551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is an emerging worldwide pathogen. Pulmonary aspergillosis primarily affects severely immunocompromised patients and is also a particularly critical condition for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A recently designed gallium polypyridyl catecholate complex, GaS1, has previously demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In the present work GaS1 activity was assessed against A. fumigatus clinical isolates in a novel air-liquid-interface lung infection model, mimicking the conditions found in the CF airways. Furthermore, in this study both a solution for nebulisation and dry powders for inhalation were developed with a view to optimising GaS1 delivery to the lung. The solution for nebulisation was characterised for its osmolality and pH, while the dry powders were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and laser light scattering particle size analysis. The aerodynamic deposition profiles of all formulations were determined using a next generation impactor. GaS1, tested in a concentration range of 0.016-0.5 mg/mL, inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus lung isolates in a complex host-environment-mimicking medium at the non-toxic concentration of 0.063 mg/mL. A marked dose-dependent antifungal activity of GaS1 was also observed in the presence of differentiated human distal lung epithelial cells (NCI-H441) at the air liquid interface, with nearly no fungal growth detected at the macroscopic and microscopic level. A solution for nebulisation and three different dry powder inhaler formulations, prepared by spray-drying GaS1 with different concentrations of L-leucine, displayed suitable aerodynamic characteristics for GaS1 delivery to the lungs, while maintaining excellent antifungal activity. Overall, the results obtained highlight the potential of gallium-polypyridyl catecholate complexes for the management of difficult-to-treat A. fumigatus pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Grassiri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Magdalena E Piatek
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Lewis More O'Ferrall
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johannes A Sake
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren M Griffith
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland; Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Kavanagh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland.
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Tsolaki E, Healy AM, Ferguson S. Development of polymer-encapsulated microparticles of a lipophilic API-IL and its lipid based formulations for enhanced solubilisation. Int J Pharm 2024; 667:124878. [PMID: 39491654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Ionic liquids (API-ILs) have the potential to improve the bioavailability of BCS Class IV Drugs. However, the problematic physical handling properties of room temperature API-ILs have impaired clinical and commercial exploitation to date. Lipid-based formulations (LBFs) are used to improve the absorption of drugs with limited bioavailability. Nonetheless, LBFs face limitations such as low drug loading capacity and sub-par physical stability. A platform for transforming API-ILs into solid forms at high loadings via spray encapsulation with polymers has been developed and previously demonstrated for hydrophilic API-ILs. The current work demonstrates that this platform technology can be applied to a lipophilic API-IL of the BCS Class IV API, chlorpromazine, and to multi-component solutions comprising API-IL and a LBF. Furthermore, solidification of a type IIIB, liquid LBF was achieved via spray encapsulation with cellulose- and methacrylate- based polymers for the first time. The spray-encapsulated formulations had excellent physical handling properties, and successfully eluted the API-IL in aqueous media. The chlorpromazine release profiles from the API-IL, the API-IL containing LBF, and the solidified formulations, were evaluated in vitro using phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF). Spray-encapsulated formulations exhibited improved release profiles compared to the liquid formulations. Overall, these findings indicate that phase-separated, polymeric, solid formulations of liquid API forms represent a promising platform technology for developing oral solid dosage forms of poorly bioavailable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsolaki
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; EPSRC-SFI Centre for Doctoral Training in Transformative Pharmaceutical Technologies, Ireland.
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- EPSRC-SFI Centre for Doctoral Training in Transformative Pharmaceutical Technologies, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Steven Ferguson
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; EPSRC-SFI Centre for Doctoral Training in Transformative Pharmaceutical Technologies, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, 24 Foster's Ave, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland.
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Khachatrian AA, Mukhametzyanov TA, Salikhov RZ, Klimova AE, Gafurov ZN, Kantyukov AO, Yakhvarov DG, Garifullin BF, Mironova DA, Voloshina AD, Solomonov BN. New ionic liquids based on 5-fluorouracil: Tuning of BSA binding and cytotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128642. [PMID: 38061517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we describe the synthesis, interactions with bovine serum albumin, and cytotoxicity of new ionic liquids based on 5-fluorouracil (API-ILs) with different cations (imidazolium, choline, isoquinolinium, guanidinium). The secondary and tertiary structure of BSA in solutions with different concentrations of API-ILs was monitored by the circular dichroism (CD) technique. The addition of API-ILs does not lead to structural changes in BSA. A quenching of fluorescence spectra intensity of BSA in presence of all API-ILs was observed, allowing the quantification of binding between API-ILs and BSA. The preferred localization of both ions in API-ILs differs significantly depending on the structure of the cation according to molecular docking. The aggregation of BSA in presence of API-ILs was analyzed by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, revealing a moderate increase in particle size. Cytotoxicity and selectivity of API-ILs on cancer and normal cell lines were estimated, showing a clear modification of the pharmaceutic activity of ionic liquid compared to 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artashes A Khachatrian
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation.
| | - Timur A Mukhametzyanov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Ramazan Z Salikhov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra E Klimova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Zufar N Gafurov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Artyom O Kantyukov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G Yakhvarov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Bulat F Garifullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Diana A Mironova
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Boris N Solomonov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str.18, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
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Guo W, Dong X, Li Y, Li C, Tian Y, Gao H, Li T, Zhu H, Wang J, Yang C. Co-amorphous formulation of dipyridamole with p-hydroxybenzoic acid: Underlying molecular mechanisms, physical stability, dissolution behavior and pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:139-149. [PMID: 36709922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Coamorphization has been proven to be an effective approach to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by virtue of solubilization, and also contributes to overcome limitation of physical stability associated with amorphous drug alone. In current work, a co-amorphous formulation of dipyridamole (DPM), a poor solubility drug, with p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) was prepared and investigated. At a molar ratio of 1:2, DPM and HBA were melted result in the formation of a binary co-amorphous system. The DPM-HBA co-amorphous was structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and solution state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The molecular mechanisms in the co-amorphous were further analysed via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation. All the results consistently revealed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between -OH of DPM and -COOH on HBA. Accelerated test and glass transition kinetics showed excellent physical stability of DPM-HBA co-amorphous compared with amorphous DPM along with glass transition temperatures (Tg). The phase-solubility study indicated that complexation occurred between DPM and HBA in solution, which contributed to the solubility and dissolution enhancement of DPM in co-amorphous system. Pharmacokinetic study of co-amorphous DPM-HBA in mouse plasma revealed that the DPM exhibited 1.78-fold and 2.64-fold improvement in AUC0‑∞ value compared with crystalline and amorphous DPM, respectively. This current study revealed coamorphization is an effective approach for DPM to improve the solubility and biopharmaceutical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanchun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Congwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanruo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caiqin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Combining Isolation-Free and Co-processing Manufacturing Approaches to Access Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Forms of APIs. J Pharm Sci 2023:S0022-3549(23)00052-7. [PMID: 36806585 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The addition of non-active components at the point of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) isolation by means of co-processing is an attractive approach for improving the material properties of APIs. Simultaneously, there is increased interest in the pharmaceutical industry in continuous manufacturing processes. These often consist of liquid feeds which maintain materials in solution and mean that solids handling is avoided until the final step. Such techniques enable new forms of APIs to be used in final dosage forms which have been overlooked due to unfavourable material properties. API-based ionic liquids (API-ILs) are an example of a class of compounds that exhibit exceptional solubility and stability qualities at the cost of their physical characteristics. API-ILs could benefit from isolation-free manufacturing in combination with co-processing approaches to circumvent handling issues and make them viable routes to formulating poorly soluble APIs. However, API-ILs are most commonly synthesised via a batch reaction that produces an insoluble solid by-product. To avoid this, an ion exchange resin protocol was developed to enable the API-IL to be synthesised and purified in a single step, and also produce it in a liquid effluent that can be integrated with other unit operations. Confined agitated bed crystallisation and spray drying are examples of processes that have been adapted to produce or consume liquid feeds and were combined with the ion exchange process to incorporate the API-IL synthesis into isolation-free frameworks and continuous manufacturing streams. This combination of isolation-free and co-processing techniques paves the way towards end-to-end continuous manufacturing of API-IL drug products.
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Schenck L, Patel P, Sood R, Bonaga L, Capella P, Dirat O, Erdemir D, Ferguson S, Gazziola C, Gorka LS, Graham L, Ho R, Hoag S, Hunde E, Kline B, Lee SL, Madurawe R, Marziano I, Merritt JM, Page S, Polli J, Ramanadham M, Sapru M, Stevens B, Watson T, Zhang H. FDA/M-CERSI Co-Processed API Workshop Proceedings. J Pharm Sci 2023:S0022-3549(23)00007-2. [PMID: 36638959 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
These proceedings contain presentation summaries and discussion highlights from the University of Maryland Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI) Workshop on Co-processed API, held on July 13 and 14, 2022. This workshop examined recent advances in the use of co-processed active pharmaceutical ingredients as a technology to improve drug substance physicochemical properties and drug product manufacturing process robustness, and explored proposals for enabling commercialization of these transformative technologies. Regulatory considerations were discussed with a focus on the classification, CMC strategies, and CMC documentation supporting the use of this class of materials from clinical studies through commercialization. The workshop format was split between presentations from industry, academia and the FDA, followed by breakout sessions structured to facilitate discussion. Given co-processed API is a relatively new concept, the authors felt it prudent to compile these proceedings to gain further visibility to topics discussed and perspectives raised during the workshop, particularly during breakout discussions. Disclaimer: This paper reflects discussions that occurred among stakeholder groups, including FDA, on various topics. The topics covered in the paper, including recommendations, therefore, are intended to capture key discussion points. The paper should not be interpreted to reflect alignment on the different topics by the participants, and the recommendations provided should not be used in lieu of FDA published guidance or direct conversations with the Agency about a specific development program. This paper should not be construed to represent FDA's views or policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Schenck
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States.
| | - Paresma Patel
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Ramesh Sood
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Llorente Bonaga
- CMC Pharmaceutical Development and New Products, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter Capella
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Olivier Dirat
- Global Regulatory CMC, Global Product Development, Pfizer R&D UK Ltd, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Erdemir
- Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Steven Ferguson
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4. & National Institute for Bioprocess Research and Training, 24 Foster's Ave, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 × 099, Ireland
| | - Cinzia Gazziola
- Technical Regulatory Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Roche Basel, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurie Graham
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Raimundo Ho
- Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Stephen Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ephrem Hunde
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Billie Kline
- Engineering and Materials Sciences, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, MA 02210, United States
| | - Sau Larry Lee
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Rapti Madurawe
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Ivan Marziano
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer R&D UK Ltd, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Miles Merritt
- Synthetic Molecule Design and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Sharon Page
- Global Regulatory CMC, Global Product Development, Pfizer R&D UK Ltd, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - James Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Mahesh Ramanadham
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Mohan Sapru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Ben Stevens
- CMC Policy and Advocacy, Global CMC Regulatory Affairs, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA 19426, United States
| | - Tim Watson
- Global Regulatory CMC, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Chemical Process R&D, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough MA, 01752 USA
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Application of Ethyl Cellulose and Ethyl Cellulose + Polyethylene Glycol for the Development of Polymer-Based Formulations using Spray-Drying Technology for Retinoic Acid Encapsulation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162533. [PMID: 36010533 PMCID: PMC9407561 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl cellulose (EC)-based microparticles, with and without the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a second encapsulating agent, were prepared using the spray-drying process for the encapsulation of retinoic acid (RA). The production of a suitable controlled delivery system for this retinoid will promote its antitumor efficiency against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) due to the possibility of increasing the bioavailability of RA. Product yield ranged from 12 to 28% in all the microparticle formulations, including unloaded microparticles and RA-loaded microparticles. Microparticles with a mean diameter between 0.090 ± 0.002 and 0.54 ± 0.02 µm (number size distribution) and with an irregular form and rough surface were obtained. Furthermore, regarding RA-loaded microparticles, both polymer-based formulations exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of around 100%. A rapid and complete RA release was reached in 40 min from EC− and EC + PEG-based microparticles.
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9
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Interaction of an imidazolium based ionic liquid with antidepressant drugs: A physicochemical study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Shi Q, Li F, Yeh S, Moinuddin SM, Xin J, Xu J, Chen H, Ling B. Recent Advances in Enhancement of Dissolution and Supersaturation of Poorly Water-Soluble Drug in Amorphous Pharmaceutical Solids: A Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:16. [PMID: 34893936 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphization is one of the most effective pharmaceutical approaches to enhance the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. In recent years, amorphous formulations have been experiencing rapid development both in theoretical and practical application. Based on using different types of stabilizing agents, amorphous formulations can be mainly classified as polymer-based amorphous solid dispersion, coamorphous formulation, mesoporous silica-based amorphous formulation, etc. This paper summarizes recent advances in the dissolution and supersaturation of these amorphous formulations. Moreover, we also highlight the roles of stabilizing agents such as polymers, low molecular weight co-formers, and mesoporous silica. Maintaining supersaturation in solution is a key factor for the enhancement of dissolution profile and oral bioavailability, and thus, the strategies and challenges for maintaining supersaturation are also discussed. With an in-depth understanding of the inherent mechanisms of dissolution behaviors, the design of amorphous pharmaceutical formulations will become more scientific and reasonable, leading to vigorous development of commercial amorphous drug products.
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Wu X, Zhu Q, Chen Z, Wu W, Lu Y, Qi J. Ionic liquids as a useful tool for tailoring active pharmaceutical ingredients. J Control Release 2021; 338:268-283. [PMID: 34425167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields as solvents or permeation enhancers. Recently, more and more researchers focused on optimizing the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by ILs technology. Converting APIs into ILs (API-ILs) has shown great potential for drug delivery by eliminating polymorphism, tailoring solubility, improving thermal stability, increasing dissolution, controlling drug release, modulating the surfactant properties, enhancing permeability of APIs and modulating cytotoxicity on tumor cells. In addition, API-ILs are also used in various formulations as active ingredients, such as solutions, emulsions, even tablets or nanoparticles. This paper aims to review current status of API-ILs, including the rational and design, preparation and characterization, the improvement on the physicochemical characteristics of APIs, the compatibility of API-ILs with various formulations, and the future prospects of API-ILs in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Tsolaki E, Stocker MW, Healy AM, Ferguson S. Formulation of ionic liquid APIs via spray drying processes to enable conversion into single and two-phase solid forms. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120669. [PMID: 33989753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid (IL) forms of drugs are increasingly being explored to address problems presented by poorly water-soluble drugs and solid-state stability. However, before ILs of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be routinely incorporated into oral solid dosage forms (OSDs), challenges surrounding their ease of handling and manufacture must be addressed. To this end a framework for transforming API-ILs into solid forms at high loadings based on spray encapsulation using an immiscible polymer has recently been demonstrated. The current work demonstrates that this framework can be applied to a broad range of newly synthesized low glass transition temperature (Tg) API-ILs. Furthermore, the work explores a second novel approach to solidification of API-ILs based on polymer-API-IL miscibility that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously demonstrated. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that it was possible to produce spray dried solid materials, at acceptable loadings and yields for OSD applications in the form of both two-phase phase encapsulated systems and single phase amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This was achieved by the appropriate selection of an API-IL insoluble polymer (ethyl cellulose) for phase separated systems, or a miscible polymer with an exceptionally high Tg (the polysaccharide, maltodextrin) for the ASDs. Both approaches successfully overcame the Tg suppression associated with room temperature ILs. This work represents the first step to understanding the fundamental critical physical attributes of these systems to facilitate a more mechanistic methodology for their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Tsolaki
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; EPSRC-SFI Centre for Doctoral Training in Transformative Pharmaceutical Technologies, Ireland.
| | - Michael W Stocker
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Steven Ferguson
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; SSPC, The SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; I-Form, The SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; National Institute for Bioprocess Research and Training, 24 Foster's Ave, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland.
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