1
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Hamdallah SI, Zoqlam R, Yang B, Campbell A, Booth R, Booth J, Belton P, Qi S. Using a systematic and quantitative approach to generate new insights into drug loading of PLGA nanoparticles using nanoprecipitation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3188-3198. [PMID: 38868816 PMCID: PMC11166107 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles through nanoprecipitation in solvent/antisolvent mixtures is well reported but lacks clarity in explaining drug loading mechanisms and the prediction of efficiency of drug entrapment. Various methods using physical parameters such as log P and solid-state drug-polymer solubility aim to predict the intensity of drug-polymer interactions but lack precision. In particular, the zero-enthalpy method for drug/polymer solubility may be intrinsically inaccurate, as we demonstrate. Conventional measurement of loading capacity (LC), expressed in weight ratios, can be misleading for comparing different drugs and we stress the importance of using molar units. This research aims to provide new insights and critically evaluate the established methodologies for drug loading of PLGA nanoparticles. The study employs four model drugs with varying solubilities in solvent/antisolvent mixtures, log P values, and solid-state solubility in PLGA: ketoprofen (KPN), indomethacin (IND), sorafenib (SFN), and clofazimine (CFZ). This study highlights that drug loading efficiency is primarily influenced by the drug's solubilities within the solvent system. We emphasise that both kinetic and thermodynamic factors play a role in the behaviour of the system by considering the changes in drug solubility during mixing. The study introduces a pseudo-constant K* to characterise drug-polymer interactions, with CFZ and SFN showing the highest K* values. Interestingly, while IND and KPN have lower K* values, they achieve higher loading capacities due to their greater solubilities, indicating the key role of solubility in determining LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif I Hamdallah
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Randa Zoqlam
- School of Pharmacy, University College London London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Bin Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Discovery Center (DISC) 1 Francis Crick Avenue Cambridge CB2 0AA UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Discovery Center (DISC) 1 Francis Crick Avenue Cambridge CB2 0AA UK
| | - Rebecca Booth
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Jonathan Booth
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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2
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Helmy AM, Lu A, Duggal I, Rodrigues KP, Maniruzzaman M. Electromagnetic drop-on-demand (DoD) technology as an innovative platform for amorphous solid dispersion production. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124185. [PMID: 38703932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is an effective strategy to promote the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble medicinal substances. In general, ASD is manufactured using a variety of classic and modern techniques, most of which rely on either melting or solvent evaporation. This proof-of-concept study is the first ever to introduce electromagnetic drop-on-demand (DoD) technique as an alternative solvent evaporation-based method for producing ASDs. Herein 3D printing of ASDs for three drug-polymer combinations (efavirenz-Eudragit L100-55, lumefantrine-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and favipiravir-polyacrylic acid) was investigated to ascertain the reliability of this technique. Polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results supported the formation of ASDs for the three drugs by means of DoD 3D printing, which significantly increases the equilibrium solubility of efavirenz from 0.03 ± 0.04 µg/ml to 21.18 ± 4.20 µg/ml, and the equilibrium solubility of lumefantrine from 1.26 ± 1.60 µg/ml to 20.21 ± 6.91 µg/ml. Overall, the reported findings show how this new electromagnetic DoD technology can have a potential to become a cutting-edge 3D printing solvent-evaporation technique for on-demand and continuous manufacturing of ASDs for a variety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Helmy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Anqi Lu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ishaan Duggal
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kristina P Rodrigues
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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3
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Qian K, Stella L, Liu F, Jones DS, Andrews GP, Tian Y. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Interplay of Polymer-Mediated Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation for Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2878-2893. [PMID: 38767457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics of polymer-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation is crucial for designing and implementing an amorphous solid dispersion formulation strategy for poorly water-soluble drugs. This work investigates the phase behaviors of a poorly water-soluble model drug, celecoxib (CXB), in a supersaturated aqueous solution with and without polymeric additives (PVP, PVPVA, HPMCAS, and HPMCP). Drug-polymer-water ternary phase diagrams were also constructed to estimate the thermodynamic behaviors of the mixtures at room temperature. The liquid-liquid phase separation onset point for CXB was detected using an inline UV/vis spectrometer equipped with a fiber optic probe. Varying CXB concentrations were achieved using an accurate syringe pump throughout this study. The appearance of the transient nanodroplets was verified by cryo-EM and total internal reflection fluoresence microscopic techniques. The impacts of various factors, such as polymer composition, drug stock solution pumping rates, and the types of drug-polymer interactions, are tested against the onset points of the CXB liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). It was found that the types of drug-polymer interactions, i.e., hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, are vital to the position and shapes of LLPS in the supersaturation drug solution. A relation between the behaviors of LLPS and its location in the CXB-polymer-water ternary phase diagram was drawn from the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Qian
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Fanjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - David S Jones
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Yiwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Northern Ireland BT9 7BL, U.K
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Wang H, Zhao P, Ma R, Jia J, Fu Q. Drug-drug co-amorphous systems: An emerging formulation strategy for poorly water-soluble drugs. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103883. [PMID: 38219970 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming the poor water solubility of small-molecule drugs is a major challenge in the development of clinical pharmaceuticals. Amorphization of crystalline drugs is a highly effective strategy to improve their aqueous solubility. However, amorphous drugs are thermodynamically unstable and likely to crystallize during manufacturing and storage. Recently, drug-drug co-amorphous systems have emerged as a novel strategy to not only enable enhanced dissolution and physical stability of the individual drugs within the system but also to provide a strategy for combination therapy of the same or different clinical indications. This review serves to highlight advances in the methods used to manufacture and characterize drug-drug co-amorphous systems, summarize drug-drug co-amorphous applications reported in recent decades, and provide an outlook on future possibilities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peixu Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruilong Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jirun Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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5
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Al-Japairai K, Hamed Almurisi S, Mahmood S, Madheswaran T, Chatterjee B, Sri P, Azra Binti Ahmad Mazlan N, Al Hagbani T, Alheibshy F. Strategies to improve the stability of amorphous solid dispersions in view of the hot melt extrusion (HME) method. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123536. [PMID: 37865133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of drugs is preferred over other routes for several reasons: it is non-invasive, easy to administer, and easy to store. However, drug formulation for oral administration is often hindered by the drug's poor solubility, which limits its bioavailability and reduces its commercial value. As a solution, amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) was introduced as a drug formulation method that improves drug solubility by changing the molecular structure of the drugs from crystalline to amorphous. The hot melt extrusion (HME) method is emerging in the pharmaceutical industry as an alternative to manufacture ASD. However, despite solving solubility issues, ASD also exposes the drug to a high risk of crystallisation, either during processing or storage. Formulating a successful oral administration drug using ASD requires optimisation of the formulation, polymers, and HME manufacturing processes applied. This review presents some important considerations in ASD formulation, including strategies to improve the stability of the final product using HME to allow more new drugs to be formulated using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khater Al-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang 26300, Malaysia.
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Mumbai 400055, India.
| | - Prasanthi Sri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | | | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden 6075, Yemen.
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6
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Klueppelberg J, Handge UA, Thommes M, Winck J. Composition Dependency of the Flory-Huggins Interaction Parameter in Drug-Polymer Phase Behavior. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2650. [PMID: 38139992 PMCID: PMC10747291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An innovative strategy to address recent challenges in the oral administration of poorly soluble drugs is the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), where the drug is dissolved in a highly soluble carrier polymer. Therefore, special knowledge of the drug-polymer phase behavior is essential for an effective product and process design, accelerating the introduction of novel efficacious ASD products. Flory-Huggins theory can be applied to model solubility temperatures of crystalline drugs in carrier polymers over the drug fraction. However, predicted solubility temperatures lack accuracy in cases of strong drug/polymer interactions that are not represented in the Flory-Huggins lattice model. Within this study, a modeling strategy is proposed to improve the predictive power through an extension of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter by a correlation with the drug fraction. Therefore, the composition dependency of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter was evaluated experimentally for various drug-polymer formulations that cover a wide variety of drug and polymer characteristics regarding molecular weights, glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures, as well as drug-polymer interactions of different strengths and effects. The extended model was successfully approved for nine exemplary ASD formulations containing the drugs acetaminophen, itraconazole, and griseofulvine, as well as the following polymers: basic butylated methacrylate copolymer, Soluplus®, and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer. A high correlation between the predicted solubility temperatures and experimental and literature data was found, particularly at low drug fractions, since the model accounts for composition dependent drug-polymer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Klueppelberg
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Street 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Ulrich A. Handge
- Chair of Plastics Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Leonhard-Euler-Street 5, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Markus Thommes
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Street 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Judith Winck
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Street 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (J.K.); (M.T.)
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7
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Pavliš J, Mathers A, Fulem M, Klajmon M. Can Pure Predictions of Activity Coefficients from PC-SAFT Assist Drug-Polymer Compatibility Screening? Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3960-3974. [PMID: 37386723 PMCID: PMC10410664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be improved via the formulation of an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), where the API is incorporated into a suitable polymeric carrier. Optimal carriers that exhibit good compatibility (i.e., solubility and miscibility) with given APIs are typically identified through experimental means, which are routinely labor- and cost-inefficient. Therefore, the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state, a popular thermodynamic model in pharmaceutical applications, is examined in terms of its performance regarding the computational pure prediction of API-polymer compatibility based on activity coefficients (API fusion properties were taken from experiments) without any binary interaction parameters fitted to API-polymer experimental data (that is, kij = 0 in all cases). This kind of prediction does not need any experimental binary information and has been underreported in the literature so far, as the routine modeling strategy used in the majority of the existing PC-SAFT applications to ASDs comprised the use of nonzero kij values. The predictive performance of PC-SAFT was systematically and thoroughly evaluated against reliable experimental data for almost 40 API-polymer combinations. We also examined the effect of different sets of PC-SAFT parameters for APIs on compatibility predictions. Quantitatively, the total average error calculated over all systems was approximately 50% in the weight fraction solubility of APIs in polymers, regardless of the specific API parametrization. The magnitude of the error for individual systems was found to vary significantly from one system to another. Interestingly, the poorest results were obtained for systems with self-associating polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol). Such polymers can form intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which are not accounted for in the PC-SAFT variant routinely applied to ASDs (i.e., that used in this work). However, the qualitative ranking of polymers with respect to their compatibility with a given API was reasonably predicted in many cases. It was also predicted correctly that some polymers always have better compatibility with the APIs than others. Finally, possible future routes to improve the cost-performance ratio of PC-SAFT in terms of parametrization are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jáchym Pavliš
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alex Mathers
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fulem
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Klajmon
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University
of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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8
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Jia X, Chen J, Cheng H, Pan X, Ke Y, Fu T, Qiao H, Cui X, Li W, Zou L, Cheng J, Li J. Use of surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions for BDDCS class II drugs to enhance oral bioavailability: A case report of resveratrol. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123059. [PMID: 37196879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to improve in vitro dissolution/solubility as well as inhibit intestinal metabolism and thus enhance oral bioavailability for a BDDCS class II drug by constructing surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions using resveratrol (RES) as a model drug. After preliminary screening of polymers and surfactants, and subsequent prescription optimization, two optimized spray-drying RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs were obtained and exhibited a significant increase in solubility of RES by 2.69-3.45-fold compared to crystalline RES, and by 1.13-1.56-fold compared to corresponding RES-polymer ASDs, maintaining a higher concentration in the dissolution process. A metabolism study using everted sacs showed that two optimized ASDs reduced the concentration ratio of RES-G to RES to 51.66%-52.05% of crystalline RES on the serosal side of the rat everted intestinal sac at 2 h. Consequently, these two RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs achieved significantly higher exposure of RES in the plasma with significant enhancements in Cmax (2.33-2.35-fold higher than crystalline RES, and 1.72-2.04-fold higher than corresponding RES-polymer ASDs), and in AUC 0-∞ (3.51-3.56-fold higher than crystalline RES, and 1.38-1.41-fold higher than corresponding RES-polymer ASDs). These advantages of the RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs in oral absorption of RES were attributed to solubilization by ASDs and metabolic inhibition by UGT inhibitors. The introduction of surfactants including EL and Lab to ASDs plays an important role in inhibiting glucuronidation and further improving solubility. This study demonstrated that such surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions may serve as a new approach to increase the oral absorption of BDDCS class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshun Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqing Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinxin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Yixin Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Lisi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianming Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, 138 Xianlin Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Junsong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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9
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Rao MRP, Sonawane AS, Sapate SA, Mehta CH, Nayak U. Molecular modeling and in vitro studies to assess solubility enhancement of nevirapine by solid dispersion technique. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Song S, Wang C, Zhang B, Sun CC, Lodge TP, Siegel RA. A Rheological Approach for Predicting Physical Stability of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:204-212. [PMID: 36030843 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Miscibility is an important indicator of physical stability against crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Currently available methods for miscibility determination have both theoretical and practical limitations. Here we report a method of miscibility determination based on the overlap concentration, c*, which can be conveniently determined from the viscosity-composition diagram. The determined c* values for ASDs of two model drugs, celecoxib and loratadine, with four different grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were correlated strongly with the physical stability of ASDs. This result suggests potential application of the c* concept in guiding the design of stable high drug loaded ASD formulations. A procedure is provided to facilitate broader adoption of this methodology. The procedure is easy to apply and widely applicable for thermally stable binary drug/polymer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ronald A Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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11
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A New Method to Determine Drug-Polymer Solubility Through Enthalpy of Melting and Mixing. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Shi Q, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang R, Xu J, Zhang C. Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Role of the Polymer and Its Importance in Physical Stability and In Vitro Performance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081747. [PMID: 36015373 PMCID: PMC9413000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions stabilized by one or more polymer(s) have been widely used for delivering amorphous drugs with poor water solubilities, and they have gained great market success. Polymer selection is important for preparing robust amorphous solid dispersions, and considerations should be given as to how the critical attributes of a polymer can enhance the physical stability, and the in vitro and in vivo performances of a drug. This article provides a comprehensive overview for recent developments in the understanding the role of polymers in amorphous solid dispersions from the aspects of nucleation, crystal growth, overall crystallization, miscibility, phase separation, dissolution, and supersaturation. The critical properties of polymers affecting the physical stability and the in vitro performance of amorphous solid dispersions are also highlighted. Moreover, a perspective regarding the current research gaps and novel research directions for better understanding the role of the polymer is provided. This review will provide guidance for the rational design of polymer-based amorphous pharmaceutical solids with desired physicochemical properties from the perspective of physical stability and in vitro performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haibiao Chen
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Ruoxun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (C.Z.)
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13
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Kyeremateng SO, Voges K, Dohrn S, Sobich E, Lander U, Weber S, Gessner D, Evans RC, Degenhardt M. A Hot-Melt Extrusion Risk Assessment Classification System for Amorphous Solid Dispersion Formulation Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051044. [PMID: 35631630 PMCID: PMC9147278 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several literature publications have described the potential application of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)–polymer phase diagrams to identify appropriate temperature ranges for processing amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations via the hot-melt extrusion (HME) technique. However, systematic investigations and reliable applications of the phase diagram as a risk assessment tool for HME are non-existent. Accordingly, within AbbVie, an HME risk classification system (HCS) based on API–polymer phase diagrams has been developed as a material-sparing tool for the early risk assessment of especially high melting temperature APIs, which are typically considered unsuitable for HME. The essence of the HCS is to provide an API risk categorization framework for the development of ASDs via the HME process. The proposed classification system is based on the recognition that the manufacture of crystal-free ASD using the HME process fundamentally depends on the ability of the melt temperature to reach the API’s thermodynamic solubility temperature or above. Furthermore, we explored the API–polymer phase diagram as a simple tool for process design space selection pertaining to API or polymer thermal degradation regions and glass transition temperature-related dissolution kinetics limitations. Application of the HCS was demonstrated via HME experiments with two high melting temperature APIs, sulfamerazine and telmisartan, with the polymers Copovidone and Soluplus. Analysis of the resulting ASDs in terms of the residual crystallinity and degradation showed excellent agreement with the preassigned HCS class. Within AbbVie, the HCS concept has been successfully applied to more than 60 different APIs over the last 8 years as a robust validated risk assessment and quality-by-design (QbD) tool for the development of HME ASDs.
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14
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Kim S, Fouladian P, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Youssef SH, Vaidya S, Garg S. Effect of plasticizers on drug-in-adhesive patches containing 5-fluorouracil. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121316. [PMID: 34838623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical patches containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are a feasible alternative to overcome the shortcomings of commercial cream for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Plasticizers are a critical component of drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patches as they can significantly affect the mechanical, adhesive and drug release characteristics of the patches. Eudragit® E (EuE) is a methacrylate-based cationic copolymer capable of producing flexible and adhesive films for topical application. In this study, the effect of plasticizers on the mechanical, adhesive and 5-FU release characteristics of EuE-based patches was comprehensively evaluated. While the elongation at break (%) and adhesion of the films were significantly increased with increasing triacetin, dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and triethyl citrate (TEC) concentrations, the tensile strength showed an inverse relationship. EuE plasticized with 40% triacetin, 30% DBS or 40% w/w TEC produced elastic and adhesive films most suitable for topical application. In vitro release studies of the 5-FU-loaded patches demonstrated an initial burst release pattern during the first 10 min followed by a slow release over 120 min. In summary, this study provides important information on effect of plasticizers for preparation of EuE-based patches with desired mechanical, adhesive and release characteristics of 5-FU towards their potential application in the treatment of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangseo Kim
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paris Fouladian
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Souha H Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sachin Vaidya
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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