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Rizi K, Xu K, Begum T, Faull J, Bhakta S, Murdan S. A drug-in-adhesive anti-onychomycotic nail patch: Influence of drug and adhesive nature on drug release, ungual permeation, in vivo residence in human and anti-fungal efficacy. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121437. [PMID: 34973408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nail patch is an attractive option for the topical treatment of onychomycosis, although no product is commercially available. We previously identified optimal nail patch formulations for two anti-onychomycotic drugs, based on their properties, as well as those of the other patch components. In this paper, our aim was to further investigate the potential of the patch formulations as topical nail medicines, in particular, whether the drug-in-adhesive patches release drug which then permeates into and through the nail plate and show anti-fungal efficacy, and whether and to what extent they remain adhered to the human nail plate in vivo when tested over 2 week durations. In addition, the influence of the drug (amorolfine HCl, ciclopirox olamine) and PSA (Duro-Tak 2852 or Duro-Tak 202A) on these parameters was determined. We found that both the nature of the drug and of the PSA influenced in vitro drug release. The nature of the drug, but not that of the PSA, influenced ungual drug permeation through human nail clippings, with considerably greater (almost double) permeation for ciclopirox olamine, the smaller and less lipophilic molecule. In vivo residence, tested with 3 out of the 4 patches, excluding the patch where ciclopirox olamine degraded with time, showed greater residence on toenails compared to fingernails reflecting their far lesser exposure to environmental stresses during daily activities. In vivo residence was enhanced when the patch was cut to the shape of the nail, was applied at bedtime, and when a clear colourless nail varnish was applied on top of the patch to 'seal' it into place on the nail. Comparison of the patches indicated greater residence of Duro-Tak 202A containing patches over those containing Duro-Tak 2852. Amorolfine HCl in Duro-Tak 202A based patch also showed antifungal efficacy in contrast to Duro-Tak 2852-based patch, and is particularly promising for further development as a potential toenail medicine, remaining almost fully adhered to toenails for at least two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rizi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - K Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - T Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - J Faull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - S Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - S Murdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Kim S, Fouladian P, Afinjuomo F, Song Y, Youssef SH, Vaidya S, Garg S. Effect of plasticizers on drug-in-adhesive patches containing 5-fluorouracil. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121316. [PMID: 34838623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Topical patches containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are a feasible alternative to overcome the shortcomings of commercial cream for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Plasticizers are a critical component of drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patches as they can significantly affect the mechanical, adhesive and drug release characteristics of the patches. Eudragit® E (EuE) is a methacrylate-based cationic copolymer capable of producing flexible and adhesive films for topical application. In this study, the effect of plasticizers on the mechanical, adhesive and 5-FU release characteristics of EuE-based patches was comprehensively evaluated. While the elongation at break (%) and adhesion of the films were significantly increased with increasing triacetin, dibutyl sebacate (DBS) and triethyl citrate (TEC) concentrations, the tensile strength showed an inverse relationship. EuE plasticized with 40% triacetin, 30% DBS or 40% w/w TEC produced elastic and adhesive films most suitable for topical application. In vitro release studies of the 5-FU-loaded patches demonstrated an initial burst release pattern during the first 10 min followed by a slow release over 120 min. In summary, this study provides important information on effect of plasticizers for preparation of EuE-based patches with desired mechanical, adhesive and release characteristics of 5-FU towards their potential application in the treatment of NMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangseo Kim
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paris Fouladian
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Souha H Youssef
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sachin Vaidya
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development Group (PIDG), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Xu CA, Qu Z, Lu M, Meng H, Chen B, Jiao E, Zhang E, Wu K, Shi J. Effect of modified bamboo lignin replacing part of C5 petroleum resin on properties of polyurethane/polysiloxane pressure-sensitive adhesive and its application on the wood substrate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:394-405. [PMID: 34139537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a fresh and robust strategy to develop polyurethane/polysiloxane pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with excellent properties by replacing part of C5 petroleum resin with modified lignin. A unique aspect of this work is the use of renewable lignin to obtain modified monomers. The phenolic hydroxyl group of lignin is increased by 21.4% after demethylation, which will help to introduce 6-bromo-1-hexene into the lignin structure through Williamson method. The L3 lignin and C5 petroleum resin are mixed with polyurethane/polysiloxane prepolymer, and furthermore a series of PSAs are obtained under ultraviolet light. It turns out that L3 lignin can not only replace part of C5 petroleum resin, but also obtain attractive and controllable features. Especially when the mass ratio of C5 petroleum resin to L3 lignin is 6:4, compared with pure C5 petroleum resin, the 180° peel strength and the shear strength of PU46 are increased by 24.1% and 91.5% respectively. Additionally, the shear strength on the wood substrate is increased by 320.6%. This study provides an effective method for the preparation of high value-added lignin PSA, and expands the application fields of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhencai Qu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Huifa Meng
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bing Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Enxiang Jiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ending Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; CASH GCC (Nanxiong) Research Institute of New Materials Co., Ltd., Shaoguan 512026, PR China
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Musazzi UM, Ortenzi MA, Gennari CGM, Casiraghi A, Minghetti P, Cilurzo F. Design of pressure-sensitive adhesive suitable for the preparation of transdermal patches by hot-melt printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119607. [PMID: 32652181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to design low-melting pressure sensitive adhesives and to demonstrate the feasibility of the preparation of (trans)dermal patches by hot-melt ram extrusion printing. This approach allows defining both the geometry of (trans)dermal patch and the drug strength easily according to patient needs. The preparation steps are the mixing of a poly-ammonium methacrylate polymer (i.e. Eudragit RL and RS) with a suitable amount of plasticizer (triacetin or tributyl citrate) and drug (ketoprofen or nicotine), the melting in the ram extruder, and the printing on the backing layer foil. The formulations were characterized in terms of rheological and adhesive properties, in vitro drug release and skin permeation profiles. The (trans)dermal patches made of Eudragit RL or Eudragit RS plasticized with the 40% triacetin could be printed at 90 °C giving formulations with suitable adhesive properties and without cold flow after 1 month of storage at 40 °C. Furthermore, the overall results showed that the performances of printed (trans)dermal patches overlapped those made by solvent casting, suggesting that the proposed solvent-free technology can be useful to treat cutaneous pathologies when the availability of (trans)dermal patches with size and shape that perfectly fit with the skin area affected by the disease improves the safety of the pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M Musazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Ortenzi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19-20133 Milan, Italy; CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi, 19-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara G M Gennari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Nail patches have a potential role as drug carriers for the topical treatment of nail diseases such as onychomycosis, a common condition. Our aim was therefore to develop a systematic and novel approach to the formulation of a simple drug-in-adhesive ungual patch. Twelve pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), four backing membranes, two release liners and three drugs were screened for pharmaceutical and mechanical properties. From this initial screening, two PSAs, two drugs, one backing membrane and one release liner were selected for further investigation. Patches were prepared by solvent-casting and characterised. The patches had good uniformity of thickness and of drug content, and showed minimal drug crystallisation during six months of storage. Meanwhile, the drug stability in the patch upon storage and patch adhesion to the nail was influenced by the nature of the drug, the PSA and the backing membrane. The reported methodology paves the way for a systematic formulation of ungual nail patches to add to the armamentarium of nail medicines. Further, from this work, the best patch formulation has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rizi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - I K Mohammed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - K Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - A J Kinloch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M N Charalambides
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S Murdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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