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Das S, Jegadeesan JT, Basu B. Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)-Based Biomaterial Inks: Process Science for 3D/4D Printing and Current Status. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2156-2221. [PMID: 38507816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering for injured tissue replacement and regeneration has been a subject of investigation over the last 30 years, and there has been considerable interest in using additive manufacturing to achieve these goals. Despite such efforts, many key questions remain unanswered, particularly in the area of biomaterial selection for these applications as well as quantitative understanding of the process science. The strategic utilization of biological macromolecules provides a versatile approach to meet diverse requirements in 3D printing, such as printability, buildability, and biocompatibility. These molecules play a pivotal role in both physical and chemical cross-linking processes throughout the biofabrication, contributing significantly to the overall success of the 3D printing process. Among the several bioprintable materials, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has been widely utilized for diverse tissue engineering applications, with some degree of success. In this context, this review will discuss the key bioengineering approaches to identify the gelation and cross-linking strategies that are appropriate to control the rheology, printability, and buildability of biomaterial inks. This review will focus on the GelMA as the structural (scaffold) biomaterial for different tissues and as a potential carrier vehicle for the transport of living cells as well as their maintenance and viability in the physiological system. Recognizing the importance of printability toward shape fidelity and biophysical properties, a major focus in this review has been to discuss the qualitative and quantitative impact of the key factors, including microrheological, viscoelastic, gelation, shear thinning properties of biomaterial inks, and printing parameters, in particular, reference to 3D extrusion printing of GelMA-based biomaterial inks. Specifically, we emphasize the different possibilities to regulate mechanical, swelling, biodegradation, and cellular functionalities of GelMA-based bio(material) inks, by hybridization techniques, including different synthetic and natural biopolymers, inorganic nanofillers, and microcarriers. At the close, the potential possibility of the integration of experimental data sets and artificial intelligence/machine learning approaches is emphasized to predict the printability, shape fidelity, or biophysical properties of GelMA bio(material) inks for clinically relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Das
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
| | | | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012
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Xu Z, Chen Y, Cao Y, Xue B. Tough Hydrogels with Different Toughening Mechanisms and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2675. [PMID: 38473922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Load-bearing biological tissues, such as cartilage and muscles, exhibit several crucial properties, including high elasticity, strength, and recoverability. These characteristics enable these tissues to endure significant mechanical stresses and swiftly recover after deformation, contributing to their exceptional durability and functionality. In contrast, while hydrogels are highly biocompatible and hold promise as synthetic biomaterials, their inherent network structure often limits their ability to simultaneously possess a diverse range of superior mechanical properties. As a result, the applications of hydrogels are significantly constrained. This article delves into the design mechanisms and mechanical properties of various tough hydrogels and investigates their applications in tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and other fields. The objective is to provide insights into the fabrication and application of hydrogels with combined high strength, stretchability, toughness, and fast recovery as well as their future development directions and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan 250000, China
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Yadav SK, Das S, Lincon A, Saha S, BoseDasgupta S, Ray SK, Das S. Gelatin-decorated Graphene oxide: A nanocarrier for delivering pH-responsive drug for improving therapeutic efficacy against atherosclerotic plaque. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123737. [PMID: 38176480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The progressive inflammatory disease atherosclerosis promotes myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart attack. Anti-inflammatory drugs treat severe atherosclerosis. They are inadequate bioavailability and cause adverse effects at higher doses. A new nanomaterial coupled pH-apperceptive drug delivery system for atherosclerotic plaque is outlined here. We have synthesized a Graphene Oxide-Gelatin-Atorvastatin (GO-Gel-ATR) nanodrug characterized by spectroscopic and imaging techniques. The encapsulation efficiency of GO-Gel-ATR (79.2%) in the loading process is observed to be better than GO-ATR (66.8%). The internal milieu of the plaque cells has a pH of 6.8. The GO-Gel-ATR displays sustained and cumulative release profile at pH 6.8 compared to ATR and GO-ATR. Our proposed nanocomposite demonstrated high cytocompatibility up to 100μg/mL in foam cells induced by Oxidized-Low Density Lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) compared to normal macrophages for 24 and 48 h. The uptake efficacy of the nanodrugs is shown to be enhanced in foam cells compared to normal macrophage. Oil red O staining of foam cells with and without drugs confirmed therapeutic efficacy. Foam cells treated with nanocomposite had more lipids efflux than ATR. The finding of the in-vitro study reveals that the GO-Gel-ATR nanocomposite carriers have the potential to deliver anti-atherosclerotic drugs effectively and inhibit atherosclerotic plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Yadav
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreyasi Das
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Lincon
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saradindu Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Samit K Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumen Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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Gupta PS, Wasnik K, Patra S, Pareek D, Singh G, Yadav DD, Maity S, Paik P. Nitric oxide releasing novel amino acid-derived polymeric nanotherapeutic with anti-inflammatory properties for rapid wound tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1770-1791. [PMID: 38170815 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) is a central signalling molecule that modulates wound healing by maintaining homeostasis, collagen formation, wound contraction, anti-microbial action and accelerating tissue regeneration. The optimum delivery of NO using nanoparticles (NPs) is clinically challenging; hence, it is drawing significant attention in wound healing. Herein, a novel polymeric nanoplatform loaded with sodium nitroprusside (SP) NPs was prepared and used for wound healing to obtain the sustained release of NO in therapeutic quantities. SP NPs-induced excellent proliferation (∼300%) of mouse fibroblast (L929) cells was observed. With an increase in the SP NPs dose at 200 μg mL-1 concentration, a 200% upsurge in proliferation was observed along with enhanced migration, and only 17.09 h were required to fill the 50% gap compared to 37.85 h required by the control group. Further, SP NPs showed an insignificant impact on the coagulation cascade, revealing safe wound-healing treatment when tested in isolated rat RBCs. Additionally, SP NPs exhibited excellent angiogenic activity at a 10 μg mL-1 dose. Moreover, the formulated SP nanoformulation is non-irritant, non-toxic, and does not produce any skin sensitivity reaction on the rat's skin. Further, an in vivo wound healing study revealed that within 11 days of treatment with SP nanoformulation, 99.2 ± 1.0% of the wound was closed, while in the control group, only 45.5 ± 3.8% was repaired. These results indicate that owing to sustained NO release, the SP NP and SP nanoformulations are paramount with enormous clinical potential for the regeneration of wound tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Science and Technology, University of Hydrabad, Hydrabad, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
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Choi CE, Chakraborty A, Adzija H, Shamiya Y, Hijazi K, Coyle A, Rizkalla A, Holdsworth DW, Paul A. Metal Organic Framework-Incorporated Three-Dimensional (3D) Bio-Printable Hydrogels to Facilitate Bone Repair: Preparation and In Vitro Bioactivity Analysis. Gels 2023; 9:923. [PMID: 38131909 PMCID: PMC10742699 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) water-swellable polymeric matrices that are used extensively in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Hydrogels can be conformed into any desirable shape using 3D bio-printing, making them suitable for personalized treatment. Among the different 3D bio-printing techniques, digital light processing (DLP)-based printing offers the advantage of quickly fabricating high resolution structures, reducing the chances of cell damage during the printing process. Here, we have used DLP to 3D bio-print biocompatible gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) scaffolds intended for bone repair. GelMA is biocompatible, biodegradable, has integrin binding motifs that promote cell adhesion, and can be crosslinked easily to form hydrogels. However, GelMA on its own is incapable of promoting bone repair and must be supplemented with pharmaceutical molecules or growth factors, which can be toxic or expensive. To overcome this limitation, we introduced zinc-based metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles into GelMA that can promote osteogenic differentiation, providing safer and more affordable alternatives to traditional methods. Incorporation of this nanoparticle into GelMA hydrogel has demonstrated significant improvement across multiple aspects, including bio-printability, and favorable mechanical properties (showing a significant increase in the compressive modulus from 52.14 ± 19.42 kPa to 128.13 ± 19.46 kPa with the addition of ZIF-8 nanoparticles). The designed nanocomposite hydrogels can also sustain drug (vancomycin) release (maximum 87.52 ± 1.6% cumulative amount) and exhibit a remarkable ability to differentiate human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells toward the osteogenic lineage. Furthermore, the formulated MOF-integrated nanocomposite hydrogel offers the unique capability to coat metallic implants intended for bone healing. Overall, the remarkable printability and coating ability displayed by the nanocomposite hydrogel presents itself as a promising candidate for drug delivery, cell delivery and bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-E Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Aishik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hailey Adzija
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yasmeen Shamiya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Khaled Hijazi
- Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ali Coyle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Amin Rizkalla
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N5A 5B9, Canada
| | - David W. Holdsworth
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Collaborative Specialization in Musculoskeletal Health Research and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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Yang Q, Miao Y, Luo J, Chen Y, Wang Y. Amyloid Fibril and Clay Nanosheet Dual-Nanoengineered DNA Dynamic Hydrogel for Vascularized Bone Regeneration. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17131-17147. [PMID: 37585498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic hydrogels have attracted enormous interest for bone tissue engineering as they demonstrate reversible mechanics to better mimic biophysical cues of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) compared to traditional static hydrogels. However, the facile development of therapeutic dynamic hydrogels that simultaneously recapitulate the filamentous architecture of the ECM of living tissues and induce both osteogenesis and angiogenesis to augment vascularized bone regeneration remains challenging. Herein, we report a dual nanoengineered DNA dynamic hydrogel developed through the supramolecular coassembly of amyloid fibrils and clay nanosheets with DNA strands. The nanoengineered ECM-like fibrillar hydrogel network is facilely formed without a complicated and tedious molecular synthesis. Amyloid fibrils together with clay nanosheets synergistically enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the dynamic hydrogel and, more remarkably, endow the matrix with an array of tunable features, including shear-thinning, injectability, self-healing, self-supporting, and 3D printable properties. The QK peptide is further chemically grafted onto amyloid fibrils, and its sustainable release from the hydrogel matrix stimulates the tube formation and migration with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Meanwhile, the nanoengineered hydrogel matrix promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells due to the sustainable release of Si4+ and Mg2+ derived from clay nanosheets. Furthermore, the manipulation of enhanced vascularized bone regeneration by the dynamic hydrogel is revealed in a rat cranial bone defect model. This dual nanoengineered strategy envisions great promise in developing therapeutic dynamic hydrogels for improved and customizable bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yali Miao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinshui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Zahid AA, Chakraborty A, Luo W, Coyle A, Paul A. Tailoring the Inherent Properties of Biobased Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37378614 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Biobased nanoparticles are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanomedicine and biotherapeutics. Their unique size, shape, and biophysical properties make them attractive tools for biomedical research, including vaccination, targeted drug delivery, and immune therapy. These nanoparticles are engineered to present native cell receptors and proteins on their surfaces, providing a biomimicking camouflage for therapeutic cargo to evade rapid degradation, immune rejection, inflammation, and clearance. Despite showing promising clinical relevance, commercial implementation of these biobased nanoparticles is yet to be fully realized. In this perspective, we discuss advanced biobased nanoparticle designs used in medical applications, such as cell membrane nanoparticles, exosomes, and synthetic lipid-derived nanoparticles, and highlight their benefits and potential challenges. Moreover, we critically assess the future of preparing such particles using artificial intelligence and machine learning. These advanced computational tools will be able to predict the functional composition and behavior of the proteins and cell receptors present on the nanoparticle surfaces. With more advancement in designing new biobased nanoparticles, this field of research could play a key role in dictating the future rational design of drug transporters, thereby ultimately improving overall therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alap Ali Zahid
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Aishik Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ali Coyle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Arghya Paul
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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Omidian H, Dey Chowdhury S, Babanejad N. Cryogels: Advancing Biomaterials for Transformative Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1836. [PMID: 37514023 PMCID: PMC10384998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryogels, composed of synthetic and natural materials, have emerged as versatile biomaterials with applications in tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, optimizing cryogel properties, such as mechanical strength and release profiles, remains challenging. To advance the field, researchers are exploring advanced manufacturing techniques, biomimetic design, and addressing long-term stability. Combination therapies and drug delivery systems using cryogels show promise. In vivo evaluation and clinical trials are crucial for safety and efficacy. Overcoming practical challenges, including scalability, structural integrity, mass transfer constraints, biocompatibility, seamless integration, and cost-effectiveness, is essential. By addressing these challenges, cryogels can transform biomedical applications with innovative biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Sumana Dey Chowdhury
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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Kurian AG, Mandakhbayar N, Singh RK, Lee JH, Jin G, Kim HW. Multifunctional dendrimer@nanoceria engineered GelMA hydrogel accelerates bone regeneration through orchestrated cellular responses. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100664. [PMID: 37251417 PMCID: PMC10209037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects in patients entail the microenvironment that needs to boost the functions of stem cells (e.g., proliferation, migration, and differentiation) while alleviating severe inflammation induced by high oxidative stress. Biomaterials can help to shift the microenvironment by regulating these multiple events. Here we report multifunctional composite hydrogels composed of photo-responsive Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) and dendrimer (G3)-functionalized nanoceria (G3@nCe). Incorporation of G3@nCe into GelMA could enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels and their enzymatic ability to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS). The G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels supported the focal adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and further increased their proliferation and migration ability (vs. pristine GelMA and nCe/GelMA). Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was significantly stimulated upon the G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels. Importantly, the capacity of G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels to scavenge extracellular ROS enabled MSCs to survive against H2O2-induced high oxidative stress. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing identified the genes upregulated and the signalling pathways activated by G3@nCe/GelMA that are associated with cell growth, migration, osteogenesis, and ROS-metabolic process. When implanted subcutaneously, the hydrogels exhibited excellent tissue integration with a sign of material degradation while the inflammatory response was minimal. Furthermore, G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels demonstrated effective bone regeneration capacity in a rat critical-sized bone defect model, possibly due to an orchestrated capacity of enhancing cell proliferation, motility and osteogenesis while alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal George Kurian
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra K. Singh
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Gangshi Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
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