Double hits with bioactive nanozyme based on cobalt-doped nanoglass for acute and diabetic wound therapies through anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic functions

Regeneration of pathological wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, poses a significant challenge in clinical settings, despite the widespread use of drugs. To overcome clinical side effects and complications, drug-free therapeutics need to be developed to promote angiogenesis while overcoming inflammation to restore regenerative events. This study presents a novel bioactive nanozyme based on cobalt-doped nanoglass (namely, CoNZ), which exhibits high enzymatic/catalytic activity while releasing therapeutic ions. Cobalt oxide "Co3O4" tiny crystallites produced in situ through a chemical reaction with H2O2 within CoNZ nanoparticles play a crucial role in scavenging ROS. Results showed that CoNZ-treatment to full-thickness skin wounds in mice significantly accelerated the healing process, promoting neovascularization, matrix deposition, and epithelial lining while reducing pro-inflammatory signs. Notably, CoNZ was highly effective in treating pathological wounds (streptozotocin-induced diabetic wounds). Rapid scavenging of ROS by CoNZ and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory markers while up-regulating tissue healing signs with proliferative cells and activated angiogenic factors contributed to the observed healing events. In vitro experiments involving CoNZ-cultures with macrophages and endothelial cells exposed to high glucose and ROS-generating conditions further confirmed the effectiveness of CoNZ. CoNZ-promoted angiogenesis was attributed to the release of cobalt ions, as evidenced by the comparable effects of CoNZ-extracted ionic medium in enhancing endothelial migration and tubule formation via activated HIF-1α. Finally, we compared the in vivo efficacy of CoNZ with the clinically-available drug deferoxamine. Results demonstrated that CoNZ was as effective as the drug in closing the diabetic wound, indicating the potential of CoNZ as a novel drug-free therapeutic approach.

Generation of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages from human pluripotent stem cells to target glioblastoma

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor giving a poor prognosis with the current treatment options. The advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy revolutionized the field of immunotherapy and has provided a new set of therapeutic options for refractory blood cancers. In an effort to apply this therapeutic approach to solid tumors, various immune cell types and CAR constructs are being studied. Notably, macrophages have recently emerged as potential candidates for targeting solid tumors, attributed to their inherent tumor-infiltrating capacity and abundant presence in the tumor microenvironment.

Materials and methods

In this study, we developed a chemically defined differentiation protocol to generate macrophages from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). A GBM-specific CAR was genetically incorporated into hPSCs to generate CAR hPSC-derived macrophages.

Results

The CAR hPSC-derived macrophages exhibited potent anticancer activity against GBM cells in vitro.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of generating functional CAR-macrophages from hPSCs for adoptive immunotherapy, thereby opening new avenues for the treatment of solid tumors, particularly GBM.

[Establishment of the quality assessment system for pancreatic cancer surgery: from "single complication assessment" to "textbook outcome"]

With the development of neoadjuvant therapy and a multidisciplinary team, the treatment of pancreatic cancer has gradually expanded from "resection" to "cure"."Curative resection" as the core part of the integrated treatment model for patients, its quality directly determines the short-term outcome and affects the long-term prognosis. Previously, the "single complication assessment" model was used to measure the quality of pancreatic cancer surgery. However, the incidence of any specific complication cannot cover the entire surgical procedure, making it difficult to quantify and standardize the interpretation of the outcomes. Recently, the concept of textbook outcome, a comprehensive indicator, has gained popularity in surgical research. Textbook outcome includes multiple complication parameters and reflects optimal surgical outcomes in an "all or none" approach. Implementing a quality improvement program that focuses on textbook outcome will increase the overall standard of complex surgery, ultimately advancing the surgical care of pancreatic cancer in the future. In this article, the latest advances in relevant research are analyzed to provide a brief overview of the textbook outcome of pancreatic cancer.

[Prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety and effect of psychological interventions among schistosomiasis patients in China: a meta-analysis]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety and to evaluate the effect of psychological interventions among schistosomiasis patients in China, so as to provide insights into improvements of psychological health among schistosomiasis patients.

METHODS

Publications pertaining to comorbid depression and anxiety and psychological interventions among Chinese schistosomiasis patients were retrieved in electronic databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The prevalence of comorbidity, psychological interventions, and scores for the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) before and after psychological interventions among Chinese schistosomiasis patients were extracted. The prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety was investigated among Chinese schistosomiasis patients using a meta-analysis, and the effect of psychological interventions for depression and anxiety was evaluated.

RESULTS

A total of 231 publications were retrieved, and 14 publications that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the final analysis, including 2 English publications and 12 Chinese publications. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence rates of comorbid depression and anxiety were 61% [95% confidential interval (CI): (48%, 72%)] and 64% [95% CI: (42%, 81%)] among Chinese schistosomiasis patients. Both the SDS [1.45 points, 95% CI: (1.30, 1.60) points] and SAS scores [2.21 points, 95% CI: (2.05, 2.38) points] reduced among Chinese schistosomiasis patients after psychological interventions than before psychological interventions, and the SDS [-0.47 points, 95% CI: (-6.90, -0.25) points] and SAS scores [-1.30 points, 95% CI: (-1.52, -1.09) points] reduced among Chinese schistosomiasis patients in the case group than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The comorbid anxiety and depression are common among Chinese schistosomiasis patients, and conventional psychological interventions facilitate the improvements of anxiety and depression among schistosomiasis patients.

[Quality assessment indictors and benchmarks for pancreatic surgery]

Pancreatic surgery is the most complex type of abdominal surgery,with high technical requirements and long learning curve,and the quality of surgery is directly related to the prognosis of the patients. In recent years,more and more indicators have been used to evaluate the quality of pancreatic surgery,such as operation time,intraoperative blood loss,morbidity,mortality, prognosis and so on,and different evaluation systems have been established,including benchmarking,auditing,outcome evaluation based on risk factor adjustment and textbook outcomes. Among them,the benchmark is the most widely used to evaluate surgical quality and is expected to become the standard for comparison among peers. This article reviews existing quality evaluation indicators and benchmarks for pancreatic surgery and anticipates its future application prospects.

Multifunctional dendrimer@nanoceria engineered GelMA hydrogel accelerates bone regeneration through orchestrated cellular responses

Bone defects in patients entail the microenvironment that needs to boost the functions of stem cells (e.g., proliferation, migration, and differentiation) while alleviating severe inflammation induced by high oxidative stress. Biomaterials can help to shift the microenvironment by regulating these multiple events. Here we report multifunctional composite hydrogels composed of photo-responsive Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) and dendrimer (G3)-functionalized nanoceria (G3@nCe). Incorporation of G3@nCe into GelMA could enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels and their enzymatic ability to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS). The G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels supported the focal adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and further increased their proliferation and migration ability (vs. pristine GelMA and nCe/GelMA). Moreover, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was significantly stimulated upon the G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels. Importantly, the capacity of G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels to scavenge extracellular ROS enabled MSCs to survive against H₂O₂-induced high oxidative stress. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing identified the genes upregulated and the signalling pathways activated by G3@nCe/GelMA that are associated with cell growth, migration, osteogenesis, and ROS-metabolic process. When implanted subcutaneously, the hydrogels exhibited excellent tissue integration with a sign of material degradation while the inflammatory response was minimal. Furthermore, G3@nCe/GelMA hydrogels demonstrated effective bone regeneration capacity in a rat critical-sized bone defect model, possibly due to an orchestrated capacity of enhancing cell proliferation, motility and osteogenesis while alleviating oxidative stress.

[Diagnosis and treatment of blunt high-grade pancreatic trauma]

The clinical data of 20 patients with blunt high-grade pancreatic trauma who were admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University from December 2003 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 males and 5 females with a median age of 39 years (range: 14-54 years). The degree of pancreatic injury was graded according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) scale, including 10 cases of grade Ⅲ (50%), 8 cases of grade Ⅳ (40%), and 2 cases of grade Ⅴ (10%). Then, the strategy of diagnosis and treatment for blunt high-grade pancreatic trauma was summarized. The diagnostic rate of CT was 78.9%. Finally, 17 cases (85%) were cured and 3 cases (15%) died. Among the 10 patients with grade Ⅲ pancreatic injury, 7 cases received distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, 1 case received distal pancreatectomy with spleen preserved, 1 case received pancreatic duct stent placement under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD), and 1 case received only PCD. Among 8 cases of grade Ⅳ, 3 cases underwent Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy, 1 case received distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, 1 case underwent distal pancreatectomy with spleen preserved, 2 cases received necrotic tissue removal+external drainage of pancreatic duct+abdominal drainage, and 1 case received exploratory laparotomy and gauze packing hemostasis. For 2 cases of grade Ⅴ, 1 underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, and the other case underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with right hemicolectomy and splenectomy. Therefore, the treatment of blunt high-grade pancreatic trauma should follow the individualized treatment strategy, pay attention to the control of bleeding, extensive external drainage, appropriate debridement and resection and rational application of damage control surgery, select appropriate patients for conservative treatment, and ultimately benefit the patient.

Hyperelastic, shape‐memorable, and ultra‐cell‐adhesive degradable polycaprolactone‐polyurethane copolymer for tissue regeneration

Novel polycaprolactone‐based polyurethane (PCL‐PU) copolymers with hyperelasticity, shape‐memory, and ultra‐cell‐adhesion properties are reported as clinically applicable tissue‐regenerative biomaterials. New isosorbide derivatives (propoxylated or ethoxylated ones) were developed to improve mechanical properties by enhanced reactivity in copolymer synthesis compared to the original isosorbide. Optimized PCL‐PU with propoxylated isosorbide exhibited notable mechanical performance (50 MPa tensile strength and 1150% elongation with hyperelasticity under cyclic load). The shape‐memory effect was also revealed in different forms (film, thread, and 3D scaffold) with 40%–80% recovery in tension or compression mode after plastic deformation. The ultra‐cell‐adhesive property was proven in various cell types which were reasoned to involve the heat shock protein‐mediated integrin (α5 and αV) activation, as analyzed by RNA sequencing and inhibition tests. After the tissue regenerative potential (muscle and bone) was confirmed by the myogenic and osteogenic responses in vitro, biodegradability, compatible in vivo tissue response, and healing capacity were investigated with in vivo shape‐memorable behavior. The currently exploited PCL‐PU, with its multifunctional (hyperelastic, shape‐memorable, ultra‐cell‐adhesive, and degradable) nature and biocompatibility, is considered a potential tissue‐regenerative biomaterial, especially for minimally invasive surgery that requires small incisions to approach large defects with excellent regeneration capacity.

Effect of Interleukin-17 gene on glomerular ultrastructure and podocyte injury in adriamycin nephropathy rat models

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene in renal tissues of rats suffering from adriamycin (ADM) nephropathy and its effect on the expression level of characteristic proteins, such as Podocalyxin and Nephrin, in podocytes. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group (treated with normal saline) and an ADM group (treated with adriamycin). ADM model rats were transfected with lentivirus and divided into a transfection group (transfected with recombinant plasmid IL-17-shRNA) and a negative control group (transfected with plasmid shNC). Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (CBB) method was adopted to detect the levels of albumin in urine to validate the model. The ultrastructure of rat glomeruli was observed, and the ratio of T helper 17 cells/regulatory T cells (Th17/Treg) was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of IL-17, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), Nephrin, and Podocalyxin were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. Results of the study showed that the proteinuria content of the ADM group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the ADM group, the glomerular basement membrane had uneven thickness and incomplete structure, which showed foot process fusion and electron dense accumulation. However, the glomerular basal membrane in the transfected rats was thin and intact, and a small amount of epithelial foot process fusion and electron density accumulation were observed. The percentages of Th17 cells and IL-17 levels in the ADM group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the percentages of Treg cells, Foxp3, Nephrin, and Podocalyxin levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The percentages of Th17 cells, IL-17, Nephrin, and Podocalyxin in the transfection group were significantly higher than those in the ADM group and the negative control group, while the percentages of Treg cells and Foxp3 were significantly lower than those in the ADM group and the negative control group (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that abnormal activation of Th17/IL-17 cells caused podocyte injury and promoted the occurrence and progression of ADM nephropathy. In addition, inhibition of IL-17 gene expression could improve the imbalance of number of Th17 and Treg cells, which may be potentially applied in treatment of patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS).

[Diagnostic efficacy for predicting intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas with high grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma based on the surgery indications in different guidelines]

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the European Evidence-based Guidelines on Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms (EEGPCN)(2018) and International Association of Pancreatology(IAP) Guideline(Version 2017) in predicting high grade dysplasia/invasive carcinoma-intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(HGD/INV-IPMN). Methods: A retrospective analysis of 363 patients,who underwent surgical resection in Changhai Hospital affiliated to Navy Medical University from January 2012 to December 2018 and were pathologically identified as (intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, IPMN),was performed. The patients,including 230 males and 133 females,aging (61.7±10.1) years(range:19 to 83 years). The proportion of HGD/INV-IPMN who met with the absolute indication(AI) of EEGPCN and high risk stigma(HRS) of IAP were compared. The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to find the independent risk factors of HGD/INV-IPMN.Eight combinations of risk factors derived from relative indication/worrisome feature or risk factors in this study,were made to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy. The area under curve(AUC) of receiver operating characteristics was used to evaluate the the cutoff value of risk factors(①CA19-9≥37 U/ml,②diameter of main pancreatic duct 5.0-9.9 mm,③enhancing mural nodule<5 mm,④(acute) pancreatiti,⑤^acyst diameter ≥40 mm,⑤^bcyst diameter ≥30 mm, ⑥thickened or enhancing cyst walls,⑦neutrophile granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)≥2, ⑧cyst located in head, uncinate or neck,⑨carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) ≥5 μg/L) number for predicting HGD/INV-IPMN.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,true positive,true negative,false positive,false negative,positive likelihood ratio,negative likelihood ratio,Youden index and F1 score were calculated. Results: Ninety-two patients(49.5%) of 186 ones who met AI and 85 patients(48.3%) of 176 ones who met HRS were respectively confirmed as HGD/INV-IPMN. In those patients who were not met AI,tumor location,thickened/enhancing cyst wall,CA19-9 elevated,NLR≥2 and CEA elevated were significantly (P<0.05) correlated with HGD/INV-IPMN. And tumor location(head/uncinate/neck vs. body/tail,OR=3.284,95%CI:1.268-8.503,P=0.014),thickened/enhancement cyst wall (with vs.without,OR=2.713,95%CI:1.177-6.252,P=0.019),CA19-9(≥37 U/L vs.<37 U/L, OR=5.086,95%CI:2.05-12.62,P<0.01) and NLR(≥2 vs.<2,OR=2.380,95%CI:1.043-5.434,P=0.039) were the independent risk factors of HGD/INV-IPMN. Patients with ≥4 risk factors of 9 in combination Ⅷ(①②③④⑤^b⑥⑦⑧⑨) were diagnosed as HGD/INV-IPMN with the moderate accuracy(71.0%),moderate sensitivity (62.0%) and moderate specificity (73.0%). Patients with ≥4 risk factors of 9 in Combination Ⅶ(①②③④⑤^a⑥⑦⑧⑨) were diagnosed as HGD/INV-IPMN with the highest specificity(83.0%) and patients with ≥3 risk factors of 8 in combination Ⅵ(①②③④⑤^b⑥⑧⑨) were diagnosed as HGD/INV-IPMN with the highest sensitivity(74.0%). The AUC for diagnosis of HGD/INV-IPMN in combination Ⅵ,Ⅶ and Ⅷ were 0.72,0.75 and 0.75,respectively. Older patients and younger patients could respectively refer to combination Ⅶ and combination Ⅵ to improve the management of IPMN. Conclusions: Patients who meet AI of EEGPCN should undertake resection, otherwise the method we explored is recommended. The method of improvement for diagnosis of HGD/INV-IPMN is relatively applicable and efficient for decision-making of surgery, especially for younger patients with decreasing of missed diagnosis and elder patients with decreasing of misdiagnosis.

[Overview of tumor stroma ratio in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma]

The current studies show that tumor microenvironment of malignant tumor plays critical roles in the tumor progression. The stroma is the main component of tumor microenvironment and the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) may reflect the relationship of tumor and tumor microenvironment, which has drawn increasing attention from the field of clinical research of cancer.With poor survival,pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease characterized by an intense fibrotic stromal response and the clinical researches related with TSR in PDAC are more significant for patients management compared with that in other tumors.The evaluation methods for TSR are not inconsistent in different studies. But the evaluation result of TSR in pathological method based on whole-mount slide image agrees with that in radiological method, so as the prognosis prediction, that TSR>1 indicated poor prognosis.So TSR can be a stratification marker for patients with PDAC to optimize the tumor stage system used currently. The radiological evaluation before surgery widen the clinical application of TSR in the precise and individual management of patients with PDAC.The comparison for evaluation methods of TSR and the relationship of TSR and prognosis are still needed thorough investigation in ongoing studies with a larger number of patients in multiple centers.

[Research progress on the occurrence and prevention of low back pain in naval officers and soldiers]

Low back pain (LBP) is a common occupational disease among naval officers and soldiers. This article reviewed the incidence of LBP in naval personnel in different positions in recent years, and analyzed the causes combined with the operating environment and occupational characteristics of personnel in different positions in order to clarify the causes of LBP in naval officers and soldiers in different positions and improve their awareness of the disease. Moreover, this study aims to help naval officers and soldiers to take protective measures in training life to reduce the incidence of LBP.

Genomic Signature of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Areca Nut-Related Oral Cancer

Areca nut (AN) chewing contributes to an increase of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases in South and Southeast Asia; however, genomic events underlying the carcinogenesis process of AN-related OSCC remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively describe the genomic and transcriptome alterations of 113 Chinese OSCC patients (89 AN related and 24 AN negative) by whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing, and we compared the genomic differences between AN-related and AN-negative samples by integrating sequencing data of 325 OSCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and 50 from a published Taiwanese study. We identified 11 significantly mutated genes for OSCC, including 4 novel ones (ATG2A, WEE1, DST, and TSC2), of which WEE1 and ATG2A mutated with significantly higher rates in AN-related samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.003, respectively). Mutational signature analysis revealed that AN-related OSCCs were specially characterized by the genomic signature of mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), which could also predict the prognosis status of AN-related OSCC. In addition, an elevated PD-L1 expression was also observed in both AN-related patients (P = 3.71 × 10^-11) and those with a high dMMR level (P = 1.99 × 10^-4). Further differential expression analysis and in vitro experiments confirmed the role of dMMR in the development of OSCC induced by AN exposure. Taken together, this study first revealed the molecular profiles and highlighted the role of dMMR in AN-related OSCC among the Chinese population and identified that AN-related OSCC may represent a potential cohort for effective anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy.

LncRNA TUG1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating XBP1 via competitively binding to miR-498

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major subtype of esophageal cancer with high mortality. Previous reports suggested that lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) functioned as an oncogene in numerous cancers. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential mechanism of TUG1 carcinogenesis in ESCC. The expression of TUG1 and miR-498 was measured by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were identified through the transwell assay. The interaction between miR-498 and TUG1 or X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) was predicted by bioinformatics software starBase and verified by luciferase reporter assay. The expression of XBP1 was quantified by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Xenograft tumor mouse model was established to determine the function of TUG1 in vivo. TUG1 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cells, and its high expression was associated with tumor lymph node metastasis and low cumulative survival. TUG1 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion but promoted apoptosis in ESCC cells. It was confirmed that miR-498 was a target of TUG1, and XBP1 was a target of miR-498. The expression of miR-498 was reduced in ESCC tissues while XBP1 expression was notably enhanced. Mechanism analysis manifested that TUG1 regulated proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by upregulating XBP1 via targeting miR-498 in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown of TUG1 attenuated tumor growth in vivo. TUG1 accelerated tumorigenesis and metastasis by inducing XBP1 expression through directly targeting miR-498 in ESCC.

[Five million wear simulation and particle analysis of carbon-based nano-multilayer coatings titanium alloy femoral head]

Objective: To analyze the wear debris characteristics ofcarbon-based nano- multilayer coatings on Ti(6)Al(4)V alloys and compared with the cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy (CoCrMo) femoral head to evaluate the friction and wear performance of the new coated femoral head. Methods: Three groups were set up in the wear simulation experiment according to the type of femoral head. Group A: imported Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy femoral head (CoCrMo); group B: Titanium alloy femoral head (Ti(6)Al(4)V) with carbon-based nano-multilayer coatings; group C: domestic Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy femoral head (CoCrMo). All heads were jointed with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup. Serum samples were collected and stored in the hip joint simulator. After the sample has been digested and diluted, it was filtered through 5 μm, 1.2 μm and 0.4 μm filters, and the filter paper was collected for testing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to randomly select regions on the filter to obtain images of wear debris. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the elemental type of the particle and to eliminate possible contamination. The composition and structure of the abrasive chips were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The parameters related to the wear debris includingparticle size, shape, number and volume were calculated. The differences in correlation parameters between the groups were compared to evaluate the friction and wear properties of the new coated joints. Results: The main component of the wear debris produced was UHMWPE, and the particle size was mostly below 1 μm. The submicron particle ratio of group B was 49.4%, which was significantly lower than that of the group A and C (75% and 60%, respectively; χ(2)=66.032, 31.754, both P<0.017). The shape was mainly round, and there was no statistical difference between the groups (χ(2)=0.590, P=0.744). The number of particles in group B was significantly less than that of group C on all filters (t=9.960, 8.019, 5.790, all P<0.01), and less than group A on the 0.4 μm filter (t=7.810, P=0.000). Conclusion: The frictional wear performance of the new carbon-based nano-multilayer coatings femoral head is significantly better than that of the domestic femoral head, and even partially exceeds the imported femoral head level, which helps to reduce the production of particles and prevent osteolysis and aseptic loosening induced by UHMWPE particles.

[Practice and challenge of precision medicine for pancreatic cancer]

Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate less than 9%, mainly due to late diagnosis and lack of effective therapeutic options.In the last decade, post-operative survival has been enhanced with advent of neoadjuvant therapy and combined adjuvant therapy.Furthermore, the information gained from the omics data, including next generation sequencing data, hasn't yet begun to affect treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.However, in terms of precision medicine, pancreatic cancer has always lagged behind other tumors.Therefore, combined with practical experience, summary of the latest development and research progress of precise medical treatment of pancreatic cancer, especially from the fields of molecular biology and experimental models, is of critical importance. Further development of precise medicine for pancreatic cancer based on platforms using PDX and organoid model would promisingly help in effective improvement of clinical treatment.

[Analysis of prognostic factors for hyperamylasemia following pancreaticoduodenectomy]

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of hyperamylasemia following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) . Methods: Clinical data of 359 patients were collected prospectively who underwent PD by the same group at Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University from January 2017 to June 2018.There were 212 males and 147 females.The median age was 63 years old (range: 23 to 82 years old) .According to whether the patient's serum amylase was greater than 120 U/L at 0 or 1 day after surgery,the patients were divided into hyperamylasemia group and non-hyperamylasemia group. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to find out the prognostic factors of hyperamylasemia after PD. Results: Of the 359 patients, 238 cases (66.3%) developed hyperamylasemia.The incidence rate of clinically related pancreatic fistula (15.1% vs.2.5%, P<0.01) , grade B/C post pancreatectomy hemorrhage (8.8% vs. 2.5%, P<0.01) , and surgical site infection (9.2% vs. 3.3%, P=0.04) was significantly higher in the hyperamylasemia group.The severity of complications (CD grade≥Ⅲ: 11.3% vs.4.1%, P=0.023) and postoperative hospital stay (11 days vs. 9 days, P=0.001) were higher in the hyperamylasemia group.In the multivariate analysis, the main pancreatic duct diameter (MPD) ≤3 mm (OR=4.469, 95% CI: 2.563-7.793, P<0.01) , pathological type of disease (pancreatic cancer or pancreatitis) (OR=0.230, 95% CI: 0.122-0.436, P<0.01) and soft texture of pancreas (OR=3.297, 95%CI: 1.930-5.635, P<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for hyperamylasemia. Conclusions: Post-PD hyperamylasemia increased the incidence and severity of postoperative complications after PD.MPD≤3 mm, soft texture of pancreas and pathological type of disease were independent prognostic factors of hyperamylasemia.

Prediction of the livestock carrying capacity using neural network in the meadow steppe

In order to predict the livestock carrying capacity in meadow steppe, a method using back propagation neural network is proposed based on the meteorological data and the remote-sensing data of Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. In the proposed method, back propagation neural network was first utilised to build a behavioural model to forecast precipitation during the grass-growing season (June–July–August) from 1961 to 2015. Second, the relationship between precipitation and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index during the grass-growing season from 2000 to 2015 was modelled with the help of back propagation neural network. The prediction results demonstrate that the proposed back propagation neural network-based model is effective in the forecast of precipitation and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. Thus, an accurate prediction of livestock carrying capacity is achieved based on the proposed back propagation neural network-based model. In short, this work can be used to improve the utilisation of grassland and prevent the occurrence of vegetation degradation by overgrazing in drought years for arid and semiarid grasslands.

[Progress in clinical research of pancreatic cancer: from "resection" to "cure"]

Because of the high malignancy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the cancer-related mortality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is increasing year by year. Despite advance in surgical techniques, the 5-year survival rate of patients after resection is still less than 30%. Recent studies have found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a systemic disease, which may not be cured completely by up-front resection, but requires perioperative multidisciplinary therapy. With the concept of "potentially curable pancreatic cancer" , clinicians need to evaluate the resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma accurately before operation, and use the innovative multidisciplinary therapy including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy,surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy to improve the R0 resection rate and reduce the risk of early metastasis. Therefore, the therapeutic goal of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is no longer "simple resection" , but long survival through perioperative multidisciplinary treatment. In this article, we briefly introduce the progress of resectability assessment, surgical techniques and perioperative adjuvant therapy of "potentially curable pancreatic cancer" .

Genome-wide compound heterozygosity analysis highlighted 4 novel susceptibility loci for congenital heart disease in Chinese population

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have achieved great success in deciphering the genetic cause of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the heritability of CHD remains to be clarified, and numerous genetic factors responsible for occurrence of CHD are yet unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide search for relaxed forms of compound heterozygosity (CH) in association with CHD using our existing GWAS data including 2265 individuals (957 CHD cases and 1308 controls). CollapsABEL was used to iteratively test the association between the CH genotype and the CHD phenotype in a sliding window manner. We highlighted 17 genetic loci showing suggestive CH-like associations with CHD (P < 5 × 10^-8 ), among which 4 genetic loci had expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects in blood (P_eQTL  < 0.01). After conditional association analysis, each loci had only 1 independently effective signal reaching the significance threshold (rs2071477/rs3129299 at 6p21.32, P = 2.47 × 10^-10 ; rs10773097/rs2880921 at 12q24.31, P = 3.30 × 10^-8 ; rs73032040/rs7259476 at 19q13.11, P = 1.14 × 10^-8 ; rs10416386/rs4239517 at 19q13.31, P = 1.15 × 10^-9 ), together explained 7.83% of the CHD variance. Among these 4 associated loci, outstanding candidates for CHD-associated genes included UBC, CFM2, ZNF302, LYPD3 and CADM4. Although replication studies with larger sample size are warranted, the first CH GWAS of CHD may extend our current knowledge of the genetic contributions to CHD in the Han Chinese population.

[Analysis on the clinical therapeutic effects of arterial first approach pancreatoduodenectomy in the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma]

Objective: To compare the clinical therapeutic effects of arterial first approach pancreaticoduodenectomy(AFA-PD) with standard approach pancreaticoduodenectomy(SPD) in the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 113 cases of pancreatic cancer patients from January 2014 to August 2015 at Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, including 43 cases in AFA-PD group and 70 cases in SPD group.Every patient had gone high-resolusion computed tomography before the surgery, when BRPC was definitely diagnosed by both experienced radiologist and pancreatic surgeon.There were 24 males and 19 females in the AFA-PD group, with average age of (61.6±10.2)years.And in the SPD group, there were 47 males and 23 females, with average age of (62.7±9.4)years. Results: The operation time was (210.7±31.5)minutes in AFA-PD group, (187.9±27.4)minutes in SPD group, and peroperative bleeding volume was (1 007.1±566.3)ml in AFA-PD group, (700.0±390.0)ml in the other group.Those two indicators of AFA-PD group, compared with SPD group, were relatively higher, the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01). And with regard to postoperative diarrhea(9.3% vs.5.7%), postoperative 1, 3 days of white blood cells(postoperative 1 day: (13.3±1.1)×10(9)/L vs.(12.4±2.4)×10(9)/L; postoperative 3 days: (12.7±1.6)×10(9)/L vs.(11.7±2.5)×10(9)/L), postoperative 1, 3, 5 days of peritoneal drainage fluid volume(postoperative 1 day: (184±42)ml vs.(156±54)ml; postoperative 3 days: (155±48)ml vs.(133±35)ml; postoperative 5 days: (66±20)ml vs.(47±31)ml), the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). One patient in the SPD group was treated with unplanned secondary surgery for postoperative intraperitoneal hemorrhage, and the patient was cured and discharged.There was no death in the two groups within 30 days after surgical operation and no patient with positive gastric margin, duodenal margin, or anterior margin.The resection rate of superiormesenteric artery(SMA) margin R0 in AFA-PD group was higher than that in SPD group (P=0.019). The two groups were followed up for 14 to 30 months.As for AFA-PD group, the average survival time, progression free survival time and median survival time was respectively (20.4±1.2)months, (21.5±1.4)months and 20 months.There were 3 cases(7.0%) with local recurrence and 8 cases(18.6%) with liver metastasis or distant metastasis.In the SPD group, the average survival time, progression free survival time and median survival time was (17.1±1.1)months, (16.4±1.3)months and 16 months, respectively.There were 13 cases(18.6%) with local recurrence and 25 cases(35.7%) with liver metastasis or distant metastasis.As a result, the AFA-PD group had longer survival time(P=0.001)and progression free survival time(P=0.002). However, the lower local recurrence and distant metastasis rate in AFA-PD group did not reach statistical standard (P>0.05). Conclusion: The arterial first approach pancreaticoduodenectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, which can improve the resection rate of SMA margin R0, and prolong patient survival time.

Levothyroxine monotherapy versus levothyroxine and selenium combination therapy in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis

PURPOSE

New strategies are needed for prevention and treatment of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). This study aimed to assess whether combination of levothyroxine treatment and selenium (Se) supplementation results in improved therapeutic effects in CLT compared with levothyroxine monotherapy.

METHODS

An open-label, randomized controlled study was performed in 60 CLT patients assigned to two groups. Levothyroxine group (LT) patients (n = 24) received levothyroxine alone for 3 months; meanwhile, the combination (LTSS) group (n = 36) was administered levothyroxine with selenium yeast capsule. Blood selenium concentrations, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody levels, and inflammatory cytokine amounts were compared between both groups before and after treatment.

RESULTS

At baseline, similar values were obtained in both groups for all the parameters assessed (p > 0.05). After treatment, significantly increased blood selenium levels (µg/L) [90.05 (80.69, 107.76) vs. 39.64 (29.42, 51.10), p < 0.001] and decreased anti-TPO antibody (23.63 ± 9.31 vs. 32.00 ± 10.41%, p = 0.002), anti-Tg antibody (35.84 ± 15.21 vs. 45.47 ± 14.24%, p = 0.015) and IL-2 amounts (pg/mL) [159.29 (124.54, 189.70) vs. 226.48 (190.74, 266.56), p < 0.001] were observed in the LTSS group compared with the LT group post-treatment; meanwhile, similar IL-10 concentrations [23.14 (21.65, 28.56) pg/mL vs. 24.68 (21.71, 29.67) pg/mL] were obtained in both groups. Subgroup analysis of patients with hypothyroidism showed the same trend observed in the whole population; in patients with normal thyroid function, only Se and IL-2 amounts differed between the two treatment groups. Correlation analysis of of the indexes: in HT patients, the basal serum selenium concentration was positively correlated with TT₄ (r = 0.294, p < 0.05), significantly negatively correlated with TSH (r = -0.343, p < 0.01), and had no significant correlation with TT3 (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings indicated that levothyroxine and selenium combination results in improved therapeutic effects than the levothyroxine monotherapy in preventing CLT progression.

The relationship between serum CXCL16 level and carotid vulnerable plaque in patients with ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the relationship between the serum macrophage chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) levels and the vulnerable carotid plaque in patients with ischemic stroke.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We successively selected 118 cases of patients with an initial diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (time of onset < 72 h), recorded risk factors, including gender, age, family history, smoking, body mass index, blood glucose levels, blood lipid levels, average systolic pressure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and homocysteine levels. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum CXCL16. GE-3000 color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was applied for the detection of the cervical artery (including a bilateral common carotid artery, internal carotid artery and external carotid artery) intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque number, size, nature (stable and vulnerable) and luminal stenosis rate. Delica EMS-9EBx2P type transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was used to detect micro-arterial micro-embolic signals (MES). Stroke, according to etiologic type, was divided into large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), small artery occlusion (SAA) and others.

RESULTS

Serum CXCL16 levels were not significantly correlated with sex, age, family history, smoking, BMI, blood glucose levels, blood lipid levels, mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and homocysteine levels. Serum CXCL16 levels increased with an increase of IMT, plaque area and lumen stenosis rate. Serum CXCL16 levels of vulnerable plaques were significantly higher than those of stable plaques; differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). It has nothing to do with the number of atherosclerotic plaques. The levels of serum CXCL16 in MES positive group were significantly higher than that in MES negative group; differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The serum CXCL16 levels of LAA patients were significantly higher than that of SAA and other types of patients; differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The levels of serum CXCL16 are not related to high-risk factors for acute stroke and closely related to characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque, micro-embolic signals and stroke subtypes.

Combined two foot flaps with iliac bone graft for reconstruction of the thumb

The purpose of this report was to retrospectively review the results of reconstruction of the thumb by use of combined two foot flaps with an iliac bone graft. From 2009 to 2014, nine patients with traumatic amputation of the thumb had their thumbs reconstructed. The two flaps were based on one pedicle. All flaps survived completely. Patients were followed for a mean of 15.6 months (range, 6-35 months). The appearance of the reconstructed thumb was comparable to a normal one, except for one thumb which required debulking. The appearance of the nail was satisfactory without deformity. The range of joint motion was satisfactory. The two point discrimination of the pulp ranged from 6 mm to >15 mm. The Michigan Hand Questionnaire outcome score was a mean of 76.2 ± 11.3 points and the Maryland foot rating score a mean of 94.8 ± 3.4 points. The combined two foot flaps with iliac bone graft might provide an option for the reconstruction of the thumb.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

III.

A potentially functional polymorphism in ABCG2 predicts clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese population

ABCG2, CD133 and CD117 are pivotal markers of cancer stem cell, which are involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The expression of these genes has been reported to be associated with the development and progression of many cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We selected and genotyped 9 potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3 genes in a clinical cohort of 1001 NSCLC patients in a Chinese population. We found that variant genotypes of ABCG2 rs3114020 were associated with a significantly increased risk of death for NSCLC (additive model: adjusted hazard ratio=1.25, 95% confidence intervals=1.10-1.42, P<0.001). Further stepwise regression analysis suggested that rs3114020 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of NSCLC. Besides, histology interacted with the genetic effect of rs3114020 in relation to NSCLC survival in the interaction analysis. Our findings show that ABCG2 rs3114020 might be one of the candidate biomarkers for NSCLC survival in this Chinese population, especially among patients with adenocarcinoma.

Ropinirole alters gene expression profiles in SH-SY5Y cells: a whole genome microarray study

Ropinirole (ROP) is a dopamine agonist that has been used as therapy for Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we aimed to detect whether gene expression was modulated by ROP in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cell lines were treated with 10 µM ROP for 2 h, after which total RNA was extracted for whole genome analysis. Gene expression profiling revealed that 113 genes were differentially expressed after ROP treatment compared with control cells. Further pathway analysis revealed modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, with prominent upregulation of PIK3C2B. Moreover, batches of regulated genes, including PIK3C2B, were found to be located on chromosome 1. These findings were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our study, therefore, revealed that ROP altered gene expression in SH-SY5Y cells, and future investigation of PIK3C2B and other loci on chromosome 1 may provide long-term implications for identifying novel target genes of Parkinson's disease.

Vertical distribution of sediment phosphorus in Lake Hachirogata related to the effect of land reclamation on phosphorus accumulation

The focus of this work is the change in sediment properties and chemical characteristics that occur after land reclamation projects. The results indicate a higher sedimentation rate in Lake Hachirogata after reclamation, with the rate increasing with proximity to the agricultural zone. In the west-side water samples, higher levels of dissolved total nitrogen and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) were found in both surface and bottom waters. The increase in P (39-80%) was generally greater than that for N (12-16%), regarding the nutrient supply from reclaimed farmland in the western part of the lake. In the eastern part of the lake, the pore-water Cl^- profile showed a decreasing vertical gradient in the sediment core. This indicates desalination of the lake water after construction of a sluice gate in 1961. In the western sediment-core sample, a uniform Cl^- profile indicates the mixing of lake water and pore water after reclamation. Considering the sedimentation of P in the last 100 years, there is a trend of increasing accumulation of P and P-activities after the reclamation project. This appears to be an impact from change in the lake environment as a result of increased agricultural nutrients, desalination, and residence. A large amount of mobile phosphorus (42-72% of TP in the western core sample) trapped in sediment increases the risk of phosphorus release and intensification of algal blooms. High sediment phosphorus and phosphorus mobility should be considered a source of pollution in the coastal environment.

Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Quasielastic Scattering from the Reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e')

We report the first measurement of the target single-spin asymmetry, A(y), in quasielastic scattering from the inclusive reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e') on a (3)He gas target polarized normal to the lepton scattering plane. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero for one-photon exchange. A nonzero A(y) can arise from the interference between the one- and two-photon exchange processes which is sensitive to the details of the substructure of the nucleon. An experiment recently completed at Jefferson Lab yielded asymmetries with high statistical precision at Q(2)=0.13, 0.46, and 0.97  GeV(2). These measurements demonstrate, for the first time, that the (3)He asymmetry is clearly nonzero and negative at the 4σ-9σ level. Using measured proton-to-(3)He cross-section ratios and the effective polarization approximation, neutron asymmetries of -(1-3)% were obtained. The neutron asymmetry at high Q(2) is related to moments of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Our measured neutron asymmetry at Q(2)=0.97  GeV(2) agrees well with a prediction based on two-photon exchange using a GPD model and thus provides a new, independent constraint on these distributions.

Indole derivatives inhibit hepatitis C virus replication through induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Previously, we discovered a series of indole derivatives as a new class of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication inhibitors by using a target-free chemical genetic strategy. Through a structure-activity relationship study, the compound 12e was identified as the most potent inhibitor of this class (EC50 = 1.1 μmol/l) with minimal cytotoxicity (CC50 = 61.8 μmol/l). In order to gain insight into its detailed antiviral mechanism of action, we performed PCR array analyses and found that 12e was able to activate transcription of a number of pro-inflammatory as well as antiviral cytokine genes including CXCL-8, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-3, IRAK-1, and DDX58. Their induction by 12e was verified by individual RT-PCR analyses. In addition, 12e was found to stimulate secretion of soluble factors with anti-HCV replication activity. Among the 12e-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, CXCL-8 showed a strong positive correlation between its transcriptional activation and antiviral potency. Interestingly, a recombinant CXCL-8 protein also reduced HCV replication, though only moderately. In conclusion, we found a novel mode of action of indole derivatives in inhibiting HCV replication, particularly the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

A role of 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by choline-deficient diet

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

It has been reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-VD3) ameliorates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, it is unclear whether 1,25-VD3 plays a role in NASH induced by a choline-deficient (CD) diet. In this study, we investigated the roles of 1,25-VD3 in the development and progression of NASH in rats induced by a CD diet.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Wistar rats with NASH induced by a CD diet were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of 1, 5, or 10 μg/kg of 1,25-VD3 twice weekly for 12 weeks. The administration of 1,25-VD3 decreased free fatty acids (FFAs), triglycerides (TGs), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), the number of apoptotic cells, and the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the liver, and it improved liver histology, but it did not change the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in the liver. Interestingly, the level of CK18-M30 was decreased in the liver of model animals. Treatment with 1,25-VD3 may restrain the downregulation of CK18-M30 in the liver and its release into the bloodstream, thus decreasing the level of serum CK18-M30. 1,25-VD3 supplementation elevated the serum level of 25(OH)D3 and the expression of VDR in the liver. The dose-effect relationship of 1,25-VD3 indicated that 1,25-VD3 slows down the development and progression of NASH induced by a CD diet, but higher doses of 1,25-VD3 may lead to adverse effects.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest the presence of both antagonistic and adverse dose-dependent effects of the long-term supplementation of 1,25-VD3 on NASH induced by a CD diet.

Genome-wide association study of myelosuppression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with platinum-based chemotherapy

Platinum-induced myelosuppression severely impedes successful chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Hence, it is clinically important to identify the patients who are at high risk for severe toxicity to certain chemotherapy. We first carried out a genome-wide scan of 906 703 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify genetic variants associated with platinum-induced myelosuppression risk in 333 NSCLC patients with chemotherapy. Then, we replicated 24 SNPs that had P<1 × 10(-4) in another independent cohort of 876 NSCLC patients. With P<0.05 as the criterion of statistical significance, we found that rs13014982 at 2q24.3 and rs9909179 at 17p12 exhibited consistently significant associations with myelosuppression risk in both the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) scan and the replication stage (rs13014982: odds ratio (OR)=0.55, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.41-0.74, P=7.29 × 10(-5) for GWAS scan and OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.93, P=0.006 for replication stage; rs9909179: OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.37-0.70, P=4.60 × 10(-5) for GWAS scan and OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, P=0.040 for replication stage; both in additive model). In combined samples of genome-wide scan and replication samples, the minor alleles of rs13014982 and rs9909179 remained significant associations with the decreased risk of myelosuppression (rs13014982: OR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.61-0.83, P =1.36 × 10(-5); rs9909179: OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.65-0.89, P=0.001). Rs13014982 at 2q24.3 and rs9909179 at 17p12 might be independent susceptibility markers for platinum-induced myelosuppression risk in NSCLC patients.

Effects of physical and morphometric factors on nutrient removal properties in agricultural ponds

Effects of physical and morphometric factors on nutrient removal properties were studied in small agricultural ponds with different depths, volumes, and residence times in western Japan. Average residence time was estimated to be >15 days, and it tended to decrease from summer to winter because of the increase in water withdrawal for agricultural activity. Water temperature was clearly different between the surface and bottom layers; this indicates that thermal stratification occurred in summer. Chlorophyll-a was significantly high (>20 μg/L) in the surface layer (<0.5 m) and influenced by the thermal stratification. Removal ratios of dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and dissolved total phosphorus in the ponds were estimated to be 53-98% and 39-98% in August and 10-92% and 36-57% in December, respectively. Residence time of the ponds was longer in August than in December, and DTN removal, in particular, was more significant in ponds with longer residence time. Our results suggest residence time is an important factor for nitrogen removal in small agricultural ponds as well as large lakes.

Correction: Three bonding modes of bis(2-picolyl)phenylphosphine at iron: isolation of a dinuclear iron complex featuring dearomatized pyridine moieties

Correction for ‘Three bonding modes of bis(2-picolyl)phenylphosphine at iron: isolation of a dinuclear iron complex featuring dearomatized pyridine moieties’ by G. Jin et al., Dalton Trans., 2015, 44, 7500–7505.

Three bonding modes of bis(2-picolyl)phenylphosphine at iron: isolation of a dinuclear iron complex featuring dearomatized pyridine moieties

Three iron complexes displaying different coordination modes of the NPN ligand were isolated, including one dinuclear compound featuring dearomatized pyridine moieties.

Measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the quasielastic (3)He[→](e[→],e(')d) process

We present a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in the ^{3}He[over →](e[over →],e^{'}d) reaction. This particular process is a uniquely sensitive probe of hadron dynamics in ^{3}He and the structure of the underlying electromagnetic currents. The measurements have been performed in and around quasielastic kinematics at Q^{2}=0.25(GeV/c)^{2} for missing momenta up to 270  MeV/c. The asymmetries are in fair agreement with the state-of-the-art calculations in terms of their functional dependencies on p_{m} and ω, but are systematically offset. Beyond the region of the quasielastic peak, the discrepancies become even more pronounced. Thus, our measurements have been able to reveal deficiencies in the most sophisticated calculations of the three-body nuclear system, and indicate that further refinement in the treatment of their two-and/or three-body dynamics is required.

Topical intrawound application of vancomycin powder in addition to intravenous administration of antibiotics: A meta-analysis on the deep infection after spinal surgeries

BACKGROUND

The intrawound application of vancomycin powder in addition to intravenous administration of antibiotics has been reported to be an easy and cost-efficient technique for reducing the deep infection, which is a serious complication of spinal surgeries. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to derive a preliminary estimation on the clinical performance of this technique.

HYPOTHESIS

The intrawound application of vancomycin powder in addition to intravenous administration of antibiotics may significantly reduce the risk of deep infection after spinal surgeries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE searches. After comprehensive review, data were extracted from eligible studies. A meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled odds ratio (OR) of this technique.

RESULTS

Eight studies (4592 patients) were included. The pooled OR (95% CI) was 0.22 (0.07-0.63). I(2) value was 65.2% (P=0.005). The pooled ORs were stable in sensitivity analyses. No analysis of subgroup, meta-regression or publication bias was performed because of inadequate included studies.

DISCUSSION

The intrawound application of vancomycin powder in addition to intravenous administration of antibiotics may significantly reduce the risk of deep infection after spinal surgeries. Further studies with large sample size and high quality are needed to provide more evidences.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

II.

Precision measurement of the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n): probing color forces

Double-spin asymmetries and absolute cross sections were measured at large Bjorken x  (0.25≤x≤0.90), in both the deep-inelastic and resonance regions, by scattering longitudinally polarized electrons at beam energies of 4.7 and 5.9 GeV from a transversely and longitudinally polarized (3)He target. In this dedicated experiment, the spin structure function g(2)((3)He) was determined with precision at large x, and the neutron twist-3 matrix element d(2)(n) was measured at ⟨Q(2)⟩ of 3.21 and 4.32  GeV(2)/c(2), with an absolute precision of about 10(-5). Our results are found to be in agreement with lattice QCD calculations and resolve the disagreement found with previous data at ⟨Q(2)⟩=5  GeV(2)/c(2). Combining d(2)(n) and a newly extracted twist-4 matrix element f(2)(n), the average neutron color electric and magnetic forces were extracted and found to be of opposite sign and about 30  MeV/fm in magnitude.

Measurement of the target-normal single-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering from the reaction (3)He(↑)(e,e')X

We report the first measurement of the target-normal single-spin asymmetry in deep-inelastic scattering from the inclusive reaction 3)He(↑)(e,e')X on a polarized (3)He gas target. Assuming time-reversal invariance, this asymmetry is strictly zero in the Born approximation but can be nonzero if two-photon-exchange contributions are included. The experiment, conducted at Jefferson Lab using a 5.89 GeV electron beam, covers a range of 1.7<W<2.9  GeV, 1.0<Q(2)<4.0  GeV(2) and 0.16<x<0.65. Neutron asymmetries were extracted using the effective nucleon polarization and measured proton-to-(3)He cross-section ratios. The measured neutron asymmetries are negative with an average value of (-1.09±0.38)×10(-2) for invariant mass W>2  GeV, which is nonzero at the 2.89σ level. Our measured asymmetry agrees both in sign and magnitude with a two-photon-exchange model prediction that uses input from the Sivers transverse momentum distribution obtained from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering.

Probing the repulsive core of the nucleon-nucleon interaction via the (4)He(e,e'pN) triple-coincidence reaction

We studied simultaneously the (4)He(e,e'p), (4)He(e,e'pp), and (4)He(e,e'pn) reactions at Q(2)=2(GeV/c)(2) and x(B)>1, for an (e,e'p) missing-momentum range of 400 to 830  MeV/c. The knocked-out proton was detected in coincidence with a proton or neutron recoiling almost back to back to the missing momentum, leaving the residual A=2 system at low excitation energy. These data were used to identify two-nucleon short-range correlated pairs and to deduce their isospin structure as a function of missing momentum, in a region where the nucleon-nucleon (NN) force is expected to change from predominantly tensor to repulsive. The abundance of neutron-proton pairs is reduced as the nucleon momentum increases beyond ∼500  MeV/c. The extracted fraction of proton-proton pairs is small and almost independent of the missing momentum. Our data are compared with calculations of two-nucleon momentum distributions in (4)He and discussed in the context of probing the elusive repulsive component of the NN force.