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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Bartlett K, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Birchall J, Carlini RD, Cornejo JC, Covrig Dusa S, Dalton MM, Davis CA, Deconinck W, Dowd JF, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Duvall WS, Elaasar M, Falk WR, Finn JM, Forest T, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Gray VM, Grimm K, Guo F, Hoskins JR, Jones DC, Jones MK, Kargiantoulakis M, King PM, Korkmaz E, Kowalski S, Leacock J, Leckey J, Lee AR, Lee JH, Lee L, MacEwan S, Mack D, Magee JA, Mahurin R, Mammei J, Martin JW, McHugh MJ, Meekins D, Mesick KE, Michaels R, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Narayan A, Ndukum LZ, Nelyubin V, van Oers WTH, Owen VF, Page SA, Pan J, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Radloff RW, Rajotte JF, Ramsay WD, Roche J, Sawatzky B, Seva T, Shabestari MH, Silwal R, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Spayde DT, Subedi A, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Tobias WA, Tvaskis V, Waidyawansa B, Wang P, Wells SP, Wood SA, Yang S, Zang P, Zhamkochyan S, Christy ME, Horowitz CJ, Fattoyev FJ, Lin Z. Determination of the ^{27}Al Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:132501. [PMID: 35426696 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of the parity-violating elastic electron scattering asymmetry on ^{27}Al. The ^{27}Al elastic asymmetry is A_{PV}=2.16±0.11(stat)±0.16(syst) ppm, and was measured at ⟨Q^{2}⟩=0.02357±0.00010 GeV^{2}, ⟨θ_{lab}⟩=7.61°±0.02°, and ⟨E_{lab}⟩=1.157 GeV with the Q_{weak} apparatus at Jefferson Lab. Predictions using a simple Born approximation as well as more sophisticated distorted-wave calculations are in good agreement with this result. From this asymmetry the ^{27}Al neutron radius R_{n}=2.89±0.12 fm was determined using a many-models correlation technique. The corresponding neutron skin thickness R_{n}-R_{p}=-0.04±0.12 fm is small, as expected for a light nucleus with a neutron excess of only 1. This result thus serves as a successful benchmark for electroweak determinations of neutron radii on heavier nuclei. A tree-level approach was used to extract the ^{27}Al weak radius R_{w}=3.00±0.15 fm, and the weak skin thickness R_{wk}-R_{ch}=-0.04±0.15 fm. The weak form factor at this Q^{2} is F_{wk}=0.39±0.04.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | | | - K Bartlett
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | | | - J Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Birchall
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - R D Carlini
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C A Davis
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - W Deconinck
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J F Dowd
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J A Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - W S Duvall
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - M Elaasar
- Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70126, USA
| | - W R Falk
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J M Finn
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - T Forest
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M T W Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - V M Gray
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - K Grimm
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - F Guo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J R Hoskins
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - D C Jones
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Korkmaz
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N4Z9, Canada
| | - S Kowalski
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Leacock
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Leckey
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A R Lee
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Lee
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - L Lee
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - S MacEwan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J A Magee
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R Mahurin
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J W Martin
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - M J McHugh
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K E Mesick
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - A Mkrtchyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - A Narayan
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - L Z Ndukum
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - W T H van Oers
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - V F Owen
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S A Page
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Pan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - K D Paschke
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - S K Phillips
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - M L Pitt
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | - J F Rajotte
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W D Ramsay
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Seva
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | - M H Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Silwal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - N Simicevic
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D T Spayde
- Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas 72032, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Suleiman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - V Tvaskis
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | | | - P Wang
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - S P Wells
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Yang
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - P Zang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Zhamkochyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - C J Horowitz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - F J Fattoyev
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Z Lin
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Gogami T, Achenbach P, Akiyama T, Androic D, Asaturyan A, Brash E, Bukhari MH, Camsonne A, Covrig Dusa S, Ebata K, Elaasar MA, Fujii Y, Fujiwara T, Furic M, Garibaldi F, Gueye P, Higinbotham DW, Ishige T, Itabashi K, Kaneta M, Kino R, Lashley N, Markowitz P, Meekins D, Mizuno M, Mkrtchyan HG, Mkrtchyan AH, Nagafusa S, Nagano S, Nagao S, Nakamura SN, Nakamura YR, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okuyama K, Pandey B, Pochodzalla J, Reinhold J, Rodriguez VM, Samanta C, Sawatzky B, Shabestari MH, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Suzuki KN, Tachibana K, Tang L, Toyama Y, Tsutsumi K, Uehara K, Umezaki E, Urciuoli GM, Watanabe D, Wood SA. High accuracy spectroscopy of 3- and 4-body Λ hypernuclei at Jefferson Lab. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202227101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
JLab E12-19-002 Experiment is planned to measure the Λ-binding energies of 3ΛH [Jπ = 1/2+ or 3/2+(T = 0)] and 4ΛH (1+) at JLab Hall C. The expected accuracy for the binding-energy measurement is |ΔBtotal Λ | ≃ 70 keV. The accurate spectroscopy for these light hypernuclei would shed light on the puzzle of the small binding energy and short lifetime of 3ΛH, and the chargesymmetry breaking in the ΛN interaction. We aim to perform the experiment in 2025.
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Gogami T, Suzuki KN, Pandey B, Itabashi K, Nagao S, Okuyama K, Nakamura SN, Tang L, Abrams D, Akiyama T, Androic D, Aniol K, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bane J, Barcus S, Barrow J, Bellini V, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Biswas D, Camsonne A, Castellanos J, Chen JP, Chen J, Covrig S, Chrisman D, Cruz-Torres R, Das R, Fuchey E, Gnanvo K, Garibaldi F, Gautam T, Gomez J, Gueye P, Hague TJ, Hansen O, Henry W, Hauenstein F, Higinbotham DW, Hyde CE, Kaneta M, Keppel C, Kutz T, Lashley-Colthirst N, Li S, Liu H, Mammei J, Markowitz P, McClellan RE, Meddi F, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Moyer A, Nguyen D, Nycz M, Owen V, Palatchi C, Park S, Petkovic T, Premathilake S, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Riordan S, Rodriguez V, Samanta C, Santiesteban SN, Sawatzky B, Širca S, Slifer K, Su T, Tian Y, Toyama Y, Uehara K, Urciuoli GM, Votaw D, Williamson J, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood SA, Yale B, Ye Z, Zhang J, Zheng X. Cross-section measurement of virtual photoproduction of iso-triplet three-body hypernucleus, Λ nn. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202227102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Missing-mass spectroscopy with the 3H(e, e′K+) reaction was carried out at Jefferson Lab’s (JLab) Hall A in Oct–Nov, 2018. The differential cross section for the 3H(γ∗, K+)Λnn was deduced at ω = Ee − Ee′ = 2.102 GeV and at the forward K+-scattering angle (0° ≤ θγ∗K ≤ 5°) in the laboratory frame. Given typical predicted energies and decay widths, which are (BΛ, Γ) = (−0.25, 0.8) and (−0.55, 4.7) MeV, the cross sections were found to be 11.2 ± 4.8(stat.)+4.1−2.1(sys.) and 18.1 ± 6.8(stat.)+4.2−2.9(sys.) nb/sr, respectively. The obtained result would impose a constraint for interaction models particularly between Λ and neutron by comparing to theoretical calculations.
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4
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Okuyama K, Itabashi K, Nagao S, Nakamura SN, Suzuki KN, Gogami T, Pandey B, Tang L, Abrams D, Akiyama T, Androic D, Aniol K, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bane J, Barcus S, Barrow J, Bellini V, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Biswas D, Camsonne A, Castellanos J, Chen JP, Chen J, Covrig S, Chrisman D, Cruz-Torres R, Das R, Fuchey E, Gnanvo K, Garibaldi F, Gautam T, Gomez J, Gueye P, Hague TJ, Hansen O, Henry W, Hauenstein F, Higinbotham DW, Hyde CE, Kaneta M, Keppel C, Kutz T, Lashley-Colthirst N, Li S, Liu H, Mammei J, Markowitz P, McClellan RE, Meddi F, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Moyer A, Nguyen D, Nycz M, Owen V, Palatchi C, Park S, Petkovic T, Premathilake S, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Riordan S, Rodriguez V, Samanta C, Santiesteban SN, Sawatzky B, Širca S, Slifer K, Su T, Tian Y, Toyama Y, Uehara K, Urciuoli GM, Votaw D, Williamson J, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood SA, Yale B, Ye Z, Zhang J, Zheng X. Study of the Λ/Σ 0 electroproduction in the low- Q2 region at JLab. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202227102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an experiment using tritium and hydrogen cryogenic gas targets at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) in 2018 (E12-17-003)[1, 2]. In this article, we discuss the Λ/Σ0 hyperon electroproduction from hydrogen target. Elementary Λ/Σ0 hyperon production processes are important not only for an absolute mass scale calibration in our experiment, but also for the study of the electroproduction mechanisms themselves. In this article, we reported the results of the differential cross section for the p(e, e’K+)Λ/Σ0 reaction at Q2 ∼ 0.5 (GeV/c)2.
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Durán-Vinet B, Araya-Castro K, Chao TC, Wood SA, Gallardo V, Godoy K, Abanto M. Potential applications of CRISPR/Cas for next-generation biomonitoring of harmful algae blooms: A review. Harmful Algae 2021; 103:102027. [PMID: 33980455 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms (HABs and CHABs) has risen dramatically due to their increasing global distribution, frequency, and intensity. These blooms jeopardize public health, ecosystem function, sustainability and can have negative economic impacts. Numerous monitoring programs have been established using light microscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ELISA, and spectrophotometry to monitor HABs/CHABs outbreaks. Recently, DNA/RNA-based molecular methods have been integrated into these programs to replace or complement traditional methods through analyzing environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) with techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), sandwich hybridization assay (SHA), isothermal amplification methods, and microarrays. These have enabled the detection of rare or cryptic species, enhanced sample throughput, and reduced costs and the need for visual taxonomic expertise. However, these methods have limitations, such as the need for high capital investment in equipment or detection uncertainties, including determining whether organisms are viable. In this review, we discuss the potential of newly developed molecular diagnosis technology based on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas proteins (CRISPR/Cas), which utilizes the prokaryotic adaptative immune systems of bacteria and archaea. Cas12 and Cas13-based platforms can detect both DNA and RNA with attomolar sensitivity within an hour. CRISPR/Cas diagnostic is a rapid, inexpensive, specific, and ultrasensitive technology that, with some further development, will provide many new platforms that can be used for HABs/CHABs biomonitoring and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Durán-Vinet
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile; Bachelor of Biotechnology (Honours) Program, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile.
| | - K Araya-Castro
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile
| | - T C Chao
- Institute of Environmental Change & Society, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Wascana Parkway, 3737 Regina, Canada
| | - S A Wood
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - V Gallardo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile; Bachelor of Biotechnology (Honours) Program, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile
| | - K Godoy
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Microscopy and Flow Cytometry Unit, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile
| | - M Abanto
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar, 1145 Temuco, Chile
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Bhetuwal D, Matter J, Szumila-Vance H, Kabir ML, Dutta D, Ent R, Abrams D, Ahmed Z, Aljawrneh B, Alsalmi S, Ambrose R, Androic D, Armstrong W, Asaturyan A, Assumin-Gyimah K, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bandari A, Basnet S, Berdnikov V, Bhatt H, Biswas D, Boeglin WU, Bosted P, Brash E, Bukhari MHS, Chen H, Chen JP, Chen M, Christy EM, Covrig S, Craycraft K, Danagoulian S, Day D, Diefenthaler M, Dlamini M, Dunne J, Duran B, Evans R, Fenker H, Fomin N, Fuchey E, Gaskell D, Gautam TN, Gonzalez FA, Hansen JO, Hauenstein F, Hernandez AV, Horn T, Huber GM, Jones MK, Joosten S, Karki A, Keppel C, Khanal A, King PM, Kinney E, Ko HS, Kohl M, Lashley-Colthirst N, Li S, Li WB, Liyanage AH, Mack D, Malace S, Markowitz P, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Nazeer SJ, Nanda S, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Nguyen D, Pandey B, Park S, Pooser E, Puckett A, Rehfuss M, Reinhold J, Santiesteban N, Sawatzky B, Smith GR, Sun A, Tadevosyan V, Trotta R, Wood SA, Yero C, Zhang J. Ruling out Color Transparency in Quasielastic ^{12}C(e,e^{'}p) up to Q^{2} of 14.2 (GeV/c)^{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:082301. [PMID: 33709760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.082301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quasielastic ^{12}C(e,e^{'}p) scattering was measured at spacelike 4-momentum transfer squared Q^{2}=8, 9.4, 11.4, and 14.2 (GeV/c)^{2}, the highest ever achieved to date. Nuclear transparency for this reaction was extracted by comparing the measured yield to that expected from a plane-wave impulse approximation calculation without any final state interactions. The measured transparency was consistent with no Q^{2} dependence, up to proton momenta of 8.5 GeV/c, ruling out the quantum chromodynamics effect of color transparency at the measured Q^{2} scales in exclusive (e,e^{'}p) reactions. These results impose strict constraints on models of color transparency for protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - J Matter
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - H Szumila-Vance
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M L Kabir
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Abrams
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - B Aljawrneh
- North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - S Alsalmi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - R Ambrose
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W Armstrong
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - A Asaturyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - K Assumin-Gyimah
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - C Ayerbe Gayoso
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
- The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A Bandari
- The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Basnet
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - V Berdnikov
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Biswas
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - W U Boeglin
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P Bosted
- The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - E Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - H Chen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - J P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Chen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - E M Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Covrig
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Craycraft
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - D Day
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - M Diefenthaler
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Dlamini
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - B Duran
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Evans
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H Fenker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Fomin
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T N Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - F A Gonzalez
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A V Hernandez
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Joosten
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Karki
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Kinney
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H S Ko
- Institut de Physique Nucleaire, Orsay, France
| | - M Kohl
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | | | - S Li
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - W B Li
- The College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A H Liyanage
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - S J Nazeer
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Nanda
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Park
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - E Pooser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Rehfuss
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - N Santiesteban
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Sun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - R Trotta
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Yero
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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7
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Yero C, Abrams D, Ahmed Z, Ahmidouch A, Aljawrneh B, Alsalmi S, Ambrose R, Armstrong W, Asaturyan A, Assumin-Gyimah K, Ayerbe Gayoso C, Bandari A, Bane J, Basnet S, Berdnikov VV, Bericic J, Bhatt H, Bhetuwal D, Biswas D, Boeglin WU, Bosted P, Brash E, Bukhari MHS, Chen H, Chen JP, Chen M, Christy ME, Covrig S, Craycraft K, Danagoulian S, Day D, Diefenthaler M, Dlamini M, Dunne J, Duran B, Dutta D, Ent R, Evans R, Fenker H, Fomin N, Fuchey E, Gaskell D, Gautam TN, Gonzalez FA, Hansen JO, Hauenstein F, Hernandez AV, Horn T, Huber GM, Jones MK, Joosten S, Kabir ML, Karki A, Keppel CE, Khanal A, King P, Kinney E, Lashley-Colthirst N, Li S, Li WB, Liyanage AH, Mack DJ, Malace SP, Matter J, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Nazeer SJ, Nanda S, Niculescu G, Niculescu M, Nguyen D, Nuruzzaman N, Pandey B, Park S, Perdrisat CF, Pooser E, Rehfuss M, Reinhold J, Sawatzky B, Smith GR, Sun A, Szumila-Vance H, Tadevosyan V, Wood SA, Zhang J. Probing the Deuteron at Very Large Internal Momenta. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:262501. [PMID: 33449750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.262501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We measure ^{2}H(e,e^{'}p)n cross sections at 4-momentum transfers of Q^{2}=4.5±0.5 (GeV/c)^{2} over a range of neutron recoil momenta p_{r}, reaching up to ∼1.0 GeV/c. We obtain data at fixed neutron recoil angles θ_{nq}=35°, 45°, and 75° with respect to the 3-momentum transfer q[over →]. The new data agree well with previous data, which reached p_{r}∼500 MeV/c. At θ_{nq}=35° and 45°, final state interactions, meson exchange currents, and isobar currents are suppressed and the plane wave impulse approximation provides the dominant cross section contribution. We compare the new data to recent theoretical calculations, where we observe a significant discrepancy for recoil momenta p_{r}>700 MeV/c.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yero
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Abrams
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Z Ahmed
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - A Ahmidouch
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - B Aljawrneh
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - S Alsalmi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - R Ambrose
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - W Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Asaturyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K Assumin-Gyimah
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - C Ayerbe Gayoso
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A Bandari
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J Bane
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Basnet
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - V V Berdnikov
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - J Bericic
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Bhatt
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Bhetuwal
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Biswas
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - W U Boeglin
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P Bosted
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - E Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - H Chen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - J P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Chen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Covrig
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Craycraft
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - D Day
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - M Diefenthaler
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Dlamini
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - J Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - B Duran
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Evans
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H Fenker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Fomin
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T N Gautam
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - F A Gonzalez
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Hauenstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A V Hernandez
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Joosten
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M L Kabir
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - A Karki
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - C E Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Khanal
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Kinney
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | - S Li
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - W B Li
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A H Liyanage
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - D J Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S P Malace
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Matter
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S J Nazeer
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Nanda
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - D Nguyen
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - B Pandey
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA
| | - S Park
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - C F Perdrisat
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - E Pooser
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Rehfuss
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, University Park, Florida 33199, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Sun
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Szumila-Vance
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 0036, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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8
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Asaturyan A, Bartlett K, Beaufait J, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Birchall J, Carlini RD, Cornejo JC, Dusa SC, Dalton MM, Davis CA, Deconinck W, Dowd JF, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Duvall WS, Elaasar M, Falk WR, Finn JM, Forest T, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Gray VM, Grimm K, Guo F, Hoskins JR, Jones D, Jones MK, Jones RT, Kargiantoulakis M, King PM, Korkmaz E, Kowalski S, Leacock J, Leckey JP, Lee AR, Lee JH, Lee L, MacEwan S, Mack D, Magee JA, Mahurin R, Mammei J, Martin JW, McHugh MJ, Meekins D, Mei J, Mesick KE, Michaels R, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Morgan N, Narayan A, Ndukum LZ, Nelyubin V, van Oers WTH, Owen VF, Page SA, Pan J, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Radloff RW, Rajotte JF, Ramsay WD, Roche J, Sawatzky B, Seva T, Shabestari MH, Silwal R, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Spayde DT, Subedi A, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Tobias WA, Tvaskis V, Waidyawansa B, Wang P, Wells SP, Wood SA, Yang S, Zang P, Zhamkochyan S. Precision Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Forward-Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:112502. [PMID: 32976004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A beam-normal single-spin asymmetry generated in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons from unpolarized nucleons is an observable related to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange process. We report a 2% precision measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering with a mean scattering angle of θ_{lab}=7.9° and a mean energy of 1.149 GeV. The asymmetry result is B_{n}=-5.194±0.067(stat)±0.082 (syst) ppm. This is the most precise measurement of this quantity available to date and therefore provides a stringent test of two-photon exchange models at far-forward scattering angles (θ_{lab}→0) where they should be most reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | | | - A Asaturyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - K Bartlett
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J Beaufait
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R S Beminiwattha
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - J Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, Pittburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - J Birchall
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - R D Carlini
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C A Davis
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - W Deconinck
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J F Dowd
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J A Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - W S Duvall
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - M Elaasar
- Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70126, USA
| | - W R Falk
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J M Finn
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - T Forest
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M T W Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Grames
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V M Gray
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - K Grimm
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - F Guo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J R Hoskins
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - D Jones
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R T Jones
- University of Connecticut, Storrs-Mansfield, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Korkmaz
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N4Z9, Canada
| | - S Kowalski
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Leacock
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J P Leckey
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A R Lee
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Lee
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - L Lee
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - S MacEwan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J A Magee
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R Mahurin
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J W Martin
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - M J McHugh
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K E Mesick
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 088754, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - A Mkrtchyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - N Morgan
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Narayan
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - L Z Ndukum
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - W T H van Oers
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - V F Owen
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S A Page
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Pan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - K D Paschke
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - S K Phillips
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - M L Pitt
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | - J F Rajotte
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W D Ramsay
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Seva
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | - M H Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Silwal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - N Simicevic
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D T Spayde
- Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas 72032, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Subedi
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - R Suleiman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - V Tvaskis
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - B Waidyawansa
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - P Wang
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - S P Wells
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Yang
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - P Zang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Zhamkochyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
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9
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Burford MA, Carey CC, Hamilton DP, Huisman J, Paerl HW, Wood SA, Wulff A. Perspective: Advancing the research agenda for improving understanding of cyanobacteria in a future of global change. Harmful Algae 2020; 91:101601. [PMID: 32057347 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (=cyanoHABs) are an increasing feature of many waterbodies throughout the world. Many bloom-forming species produce toxins, making them of particular concern for drinking water supplies, recreation and fisheries in waterbodies along the freshwater to marine continuum. Global changes resulting from human impacts, such as climate change, over-enrichment and hydrological alterations of waterways, are major drivers of cyanoHAB proliferation and persistence. This review advocates that to better predict and manage cyanoHABs in a changing world, researchers need to leverage studies undertaken to date, but adopt a more complex and definitive suite of experiments, observations, and models which can effectively capture the temporal scales of processes driven by eutrophication and a changing climate. Better integration of laboratory culture and field experiments, as well as whole system and multiple-system studies are needed to improve confidence in models predicting impacts of climate change and anthropogenic over-enrichment and hydrological modifications. Recent studies examining adaptation of species and strains to long-term perturbations, e.g. temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, as well as incorporating multi-species and multi-stressor approaches emphasize the limitations of approaches focused on single stressors and individual species. There are also emerging species of concern, such as toxic benthic cyanobacteria, for which the effects of global change are less well understood, and require more detailed study. This review provides approaches and examples of studies tackling the challenging issue of understanding how global changes will affect cyanoHABs, and identifies critical information needs for effective prediction and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - C C Carey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - D P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - J Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - S A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - A Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Li WB, Huber GM, Blok HP, Gaskell D, Horn T, Semenov-Tian-Shansky K, Pire B, Szymanowski L, Laget JM, Aniol K, Arrington J, Beise EJ, Boeglin W, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chang CC, Christy ME, Ent R, Gibson EF, Holt RJ, Jin S, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Kim W, King PM, Kovaltchouk V, Liu J, Lolos GJ, Mack DJ, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, Meekins D, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Pentchev L, Perdrisat C, Potterveld D, Punjabi V, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Roche J, Roos PG, Sarty A, Smith GR, Tadevosyan V, Tang LG, Tvaskis V, Volmer J, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wood SA, Xu C, Zheng X. Unique Access to u-Channel Physics: Exclusive Backward-Angle Omega Meson Electroproduction. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:182501. [PMID: 31763910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Backward-angle meson electroproduction above the resonance region, which was previously ignored, is anticipated to offer unique access to the three quark plus sea component of the nucleon wave function. In this Letter, we present the first complete separation of the four electromagnetic structure functions above the resonance region in exclusive ω electroproduction off the proton, ep→e^{'}pω, at central Q^{2} values of 1.60, 2.45 GeV^{2}, at W=2.21 GeV. The results of our pioneering -u≈-u_{min} study demonstrate the existence of a unanticipated backward-angle cross section peak and the feasibility of full L/T/LT/TT separations in this never explored kinematic territory. At Q^{2}=2.45 GeV^{2}, the observed dominance of σ_{T} over σ_{L}, is qualitatively consistent with the collinear QCD description in the near-backward regime, in which the scattering amplitude factorizes into a hard subprocess amplitude and baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes: universal nonperturbative objects only accessible through backward-angle kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Li
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H P Blok
- VU University, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- NIKHEF, Postbus 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - K Semenov-Tian-Shansky
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute: Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, RU-188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RU-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - B Pire
- CPHT, CNRS, École Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128-Palaiseau, France
| | - L Szymanowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J-M Laget
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Aniol
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J Arrington
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E J Beise
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - E J Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Breuer
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C C Chang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E F Gibson
- California State University, Sacramento, California 95819, USA
| | - R J Holt
- Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Jin
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C E Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - V Kovaltchouk
- Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - J Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - G J Lolos
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - D J Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - A Matsumura
- Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Miyoshi
- Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - Y Okayasu
- Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - L Pentchev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Potterveld
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - P G Roos
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - L G Tang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - V Tvaskis
- NIKHEF, Postbus 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
- VU University, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Volmer
- VU University, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - W Vulcan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Warren
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Xu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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11
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Albayrak I, Mamyan V, Christy ME, Ahmidouch A, Arrington J, Asaturyan A, Bodek A, Bosted P, Bradford R, Brash E, Bruell A, Butuceanu C, Coleman SJ, Commisso M, Connell SH, Dalton MM, Danagoulian S, Daniel A, Day DB, Dhamija S, Dunne J, Dutta D, Ent R, Gaskell D, Gasparian A, Gran R, Horn T, Huang L, Huber GM, Jayalath C, Johnson M, Jones MK, Kalantarians N, Liyanage A, Keppel CE, Kinney E, Li Y, Malace S, Manly S, Markowitz P, Maxwell J, Mbianda NN, McFarland KS, Meziane M, Meziani ZE, Mills GB, Mkrtchyan H, Mkrtchyan A, Mulholland J, Nelson J, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Pentchev L, Puckett A, Punjabi V, Qattan IA, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Rodriguez VM, Rondon-Aramayo O, Sakuda M, Sakumoto WK, Segbefia E, Seva T, Sick I, Slifer K, Smith GR, Steinman J, Solvignon P, Tadevosyan V, Tajima S, Tvaskis V, Vulcan WF, Walton T, Wesselmann FR, Wood SA, Ye Z. Measurements of Nonsinglet Moments of the Nucleon Structure Functions and Comparison to Predictions from Lattice QCD for Q^{2}=4 GeV^{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:022501. [PMID: 31386522 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present extractions of the nucleon nonsinglet moments utilizing new precision data on the deuteron F_{2} structure function at large Bjorken-x determined via the Rosenbluth separation technique at Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C. These new data are combined with a complementary set of data on the proton previously measured in Hall C at similar kinematics and world datasets on the proton and deuteron at lower x measured at SLAC and CERN. The new Jefferson Lab data provide coverage of the upper third of the x range, crucial for precision determination of the higher moments. In contrast to previous extractions, these moments have been corrected for nuclear effects in the deuteron using a new global fit to the deuteron and proton data. The obtained experimental moments represent an order of magnitude improvement in precision over previous extractions using high x data. Moreover, recent exciting developments in lattice QCD calculations provide a first ever comparison of these new experimental results with calculations of moments carried out at the physical pion mass, as well as a new approach that first calculates the quark distributions directly before determining moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Albayrak
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - V Mamyan
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - A Ahmidouch
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - J Arrington
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Asaturyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - A Bodek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Bosted
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - R Bradford
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Brash
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Bruell
- DFG, German Research Foundation, Bonn 51170, Germany
| | - C Butuceanu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - S J Coleman
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - M Commisso
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S H Connell
- University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M M Dalton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - A Daniel
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, USA
| | - D B Day
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S Dhamija
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Gasparian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - R Gran
- Department of Physics, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Liting Huang
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C Jayalath
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Johnson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Kalantarians
- Virginia Union University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, USA
| | - A Liyanage
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - C E Keppel
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Kinney
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Y Li
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - S Malace
- Duke University, Department of Physics, Box 90305, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - S Manly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Maxwell
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - N N Mbianda
- University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - K S McFarland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Meziane
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z E Meziani
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - G B Mills
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - J Mulholland
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22801, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22801, USA
| | - L Pentchev
- Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - A Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - I A Qattan
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - P E Reimer
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | | | | | - M Sakuda
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - W K Sakumoto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - E Segbefia
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - T Seva
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - I Sick
- University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Slifer
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Steinman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - S Tajima
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - V Tvaskis
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - W F Vulcan
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Walton
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | | | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jeferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Zhihong Ye
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
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12
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Dzierlenga MW, Yoon M, Wania F, Ward PL, Armitage JM, Wood SA, Clewell HJ, Longnecker MP. Quantitative bias analysis of the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153). Environ Int 2019; 125:291-299. [PMID: 30735960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An association between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. Conditional on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), a higher serum PCB-153 concentration may be a marker of T2DM risk because it reflects other aspects of obesity that are related to T2DM risk and to PCB-153 clearance. To estimate the amount of residual confounding by other aspects of obesity, we performed a quantitative bias analysis on the results of a specific study. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to predict serum levels of PCB-153 for a simulated population. T2DM status was assigned to simulated subjects based on age, sex, BMI, WC, and visceral adipose tissue mass. The distributions of age, BMI, WC, and T2DM prevalence of the simulated population were tailored to closely match the target population. Analysis of the simulated data showed that a small part of the observed association appeared to be due to residual confounding. For example, the predicted odds ratio of T2DM that would have been obtained had the results been adjusted for visceral adipose tissue mass, for the ≥90th percentile of PCB-153 serum concentration, was 6.60 (95% CI 2.46-17.74), compared with an observed odds ratio of 7.13 (95% CI 2.65-19.13). Our results predict that the association between PCB-153 and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus would not be substantially changed by additional adjustment for visceral adipose tissue mass in epidemiologic analyses. Confirmation of these predictions with longitudinal data would be reassuring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - F Wania
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P L Ward
- Ramboll, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J M Armitage
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S A Wood
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H J Clewell
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Farias NE, Wood SA, Obenat S, Schwindt E. Genetic barcoding confirms the presence of the neurotoxic sea slug Pleurobranchaea maculata in southwestern Atlantic coast. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2016.1159582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NE Farias
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - SA Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- Environmental Research Institute, Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - S Obenat
- Laboratorio de Invertebrados, FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - E Schwindt
- Grupo de Ecología en Ambientes Costeros (GEAC- IBIOMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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Nanayakkara DM, Nguyen MN, Wood SA. Deubiquitylating enzyme, USP9X, regulates proliferation of cells of head and neck cancer lines. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:494-502. [PMID: 27374971 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Truncating mutations in USP9X have been identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The aim of this study was to determine USP9X's functional role, if any, in head and neck cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS USP9X was depleted/overexpressed in head and neck cancer cell line: SCC15 (tongue), CAL27 (tongue), FaDu (pharynx) and Detroit 562 (pharynx). Cell proliferation was monitored using the CyQUANT assay, and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Immunoblot assays were conducted to assess protein levels. RT-qPCR was performed to determine Notch and Wnt pathway target gene expression. RESULTS Our data showed a direct correlation between USP9X protein levels and proliferation, as well as Notch pathway activity in head and neck cancer cells. However, at least in FaDu, USP9X did not appear to regulate proliferation through the Notch pathway. Immunoblotting revealed a dramatic reduction in downstream targets of mTOR complex 1, namely total ribosomal protein (S6) and its phosphorylated form (pS6), when USP9X was depleted in FaDu cells. In contrast, in immortalized but non-tumorigenic HaCaT keratinocytes, USP9X depletion led to increase in cell proliferation, maintaining direct regulation of Notch activity. CONCLUSIONS The functional role of USP9X was found to be context dependent. USP9X possibly promotes head and neck cancer cell proliferation through the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Nanayakkara
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - M N Nguyen
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - S A Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
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15
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Pochon X, Wood SA, Keeley NB, Lejzerowicz F, Esling P, Drew J, Pawlowski J. Accurate assessment of the impact of salmon farming on benthic sediment enrichment using foraminiferal metabarcoding. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 100:370-382. [PMID: 26337228 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the environmental impact of salmon farms on benthic systems is traditionally undertaken using biotic indices derived from microscopic analyses of macrobenthic infaunal (MI) communities. In this study, we tested the applicability of using foraminiferal-specific high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding for monitoring these habitats. Sediment samples and physico-chemical data were collected along an enrichment gradient radiating out from three Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) farms in New Zealand. HTS of environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) resulted in 1,875,300 sequences that clustered into 349 Operational Taxonomic Units. Strong correlations were observed among various biotic indices calculated from MI data and normalized fourth-root transformed HTS data. Correlations were stronger using eRNA compared to eDNA data. Quantile regression spline analyses identified 12 key foraminiferal taxa that have potential to be used as bioindicator species. This study demonstrates the huge potential for using this method for biomonitoring of fish-farming and other marine industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Pochon
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand.
| | - S A Wood
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - N B Keeley
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870, Bergen 5817, Norway
| | - F Lejzerowicz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Esling
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Switzerland; IRCAM, UMR 9912, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - J Drew
- Environmental Technologies, Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - J Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Hen O, Sargsian M, Weinstein LB, Piasetzky E, Hakobyan H, Higinbotham DW, Braverman M, Brooks WK, Gilad S, Adhikari KP, Arrington J, Asryan G, Avakian H, Ball J, Baltzell NA, Battaglieri M, Beck A, Beck SMT, Bedlinskiy I, Bertozzi W, Biselli A, Burkert VD, Cao T, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Colaneri L, Cole PL, Crede V, D'Angelo A, De Vita R, Deur A, Djalali C, Doughty D, Dugger M, Dupre R, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Forest T, Garillon B, Garcon M, Gevorgyan N, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Goetz JT, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hanretty C, Hattawy M, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkanov BI, Isupov EL, Jiang H, Jo HS, Joo K, Keller D, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim W, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Korover I, Kuhn SE, Kubarovsky V, Lenisa P, Levine WI, Livingston K, Lowry M, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Markov N, Mayer M, McKinnon B, Mineeva T, Mokeev V, Movsisyan A, Camacho CM, Mustapha B, Nadel-Turonski P, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Park K, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Price JW, Procureur S, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Rimal D, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Roy P, Rossi P, Sabatie F, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Smith GD, Shneor R, Sokhan D, Stepanyan SS, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strauch S, Sytnik V, Taiuti M, Tkachenko S, Ungaro M, Vlassov AV, Voutier E, Walford NK, Wei X, Wood MH, Wood SA, Zachariou N, Zana L, Zhao ZW, Zheng X, Zonta I. Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems. Science 2014; 346:614-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1256785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Korover I, Muangma N, Hen O, Shneor R, Sulkosky V, Kelleher A, Gilad S, Higinbotham DW, Piasetzky E, Watson JW, Wood SA, Aguilera P, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Allada K, Anderson B, Anez D, Aniol K, Annand J, Armstrong W, Arrington J, Averett T, Badman T, Baghdasaryan H, Bai X, Beck A, Beck S, Bellini V, Benmokhtar F, Bertozzi W, Bittner J, Boeglin W, Camsonne A, Chen C, Chen JP, Chirapatpimol K, Cisbani E, Dalton MM, Daniel A, Day D, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deconinck W, Defurne M, Flay D, Fomin N, Friend M, Frullani S, Fuchey E, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Gu C, Gueye P, Hamilton D, Hanretty C, Hansen JO, Hashemi Shabestari M, Holmstrom T, Huang M, Iqbal S, Jin G, Kalantarians N, Kang H, Khandaker M, LeRose J, Leckey J, Lindgren R, Long E, Mammei J, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Marti Jimenez-Arguello A, Meekins D, Meziani Z, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Monaghan P, Munoz Camacho C, Norum B, Pan K, Phillips S, Pomerantz I, Posik M, Punjabi V, Qian X, Qiang Y, Qiu X, Rakhman A, Reimer PE, Riordan S, Ron G, Rondon-Aramayo O, Saha A, Schulte E, Selvy L, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Sjoegren J, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Sparveris N, Subedi R, Tireman W, Wang D, Weinstein LB, Wojtsekhowski B, Yan W, Yaron I, Ye Z, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Zheng X, Zhu P, Zielinski R. Probing the repulsive core of the nucleon-nucleon interaction via the (4)He(e,e'pN) triple-coincidence reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:022501. [PMID: 25062168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied simultaneously the (4)He(e,e'p), (4)He(e,e'pp), and (4)He(e,e'pn) reactions at Q(2)=2(GeV/c)(2) and x(B)>1, for an (e,e'p) missing-momentum range of 400 to 830 MeV/c. The knocked-out proton was detected in coincidence with a proton or neutron recoiling almost back to back to the missing momentum, leaving the residual A=2 system at low excitation energy. These data were used to identify two-nucleon short-range correlated pairs and to deduce their isospin structure as a function of missing momentum, in a region where the nucleon-nucleon (NN) force is expected to change from predominantly tensor to repulsive. The abundance of neutron-proton pairs is reduced as the nucleon momentum increases beyond ∼500 MeV/c. The extracted fraction of proton-proton pairs is small and almost independent of the missing momentum. Our data are compared with calculations of two-nucleon momentum distributions in (4)He and discussed in the context of probing the elusive repulsive component of the NN force.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Korover
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Muangma
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - O Hen
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - R Shneor
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA
| | - A Kelleher
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Gilad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - J W Watson
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Aguilera
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire (UMR 8608), CNRS/IN2P3-Université Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Z Ahmed
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - K Allada
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - B Anderson
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - D Anez
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - K Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - J Annand
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - W Armstrong
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - J Arrington
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T Averett
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - T Badman
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - H Baghdasaryan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - X Bai
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - A Beck
- Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - S Beck
- Nuclear Research Center Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - V Bellini
- Universita di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - W Bertozzi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Bittner
- Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Chen
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Chirapatpimol
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Cisbani
- INFN, Sezione Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M M Dalton
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Daniel
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Day
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - R De Leo
- INFN, Sezione di Bari and University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - W Deconinck
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Defurne
- CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Flay
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - N Fomin
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Friend
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Frullani
- INFN, Sezione Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - E Fuchey
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - F Garibaldi
- INFN, Sezione Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - C Gu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Gueye
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - D Hamilton
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - C Hanretty
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - J-O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - T Holmstrom
- Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA
| | - M Huang
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S Iqbal
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - G Jin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | | - H Kang
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Khandaker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Leckey
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Long
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - J Mammei
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | | | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Meziani
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - P Monaghan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | | | - B Norum
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - K Pan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Phillips
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - I Pomerantz
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - X Qian
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - X Qiu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - A Rakhman
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Riordan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA and University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01006, USA
| | - G Ron
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - O Rondon-Aramayo
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Schulte
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - L Selvy
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Sjoegren
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - K Slifer
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - R Subedi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - W Tireman
- Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan 49855, USA
| | - D Wang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L B Weinstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W Yan
- University of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - I Yaron
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - B Zhao
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - R Zielinski
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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18
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Huber GM, Blok HP, Butuceanu C, Gaskell D, Horn T, Mack DJ, Abbott D, Aniol K, Anklin H, Armstrong C, Arrington J, Assamagan K, Avery S, Baker OK, Barrett B, Beise EJ, Bochna C, Boeglin W, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chang CC, Chant N, Christy ME, Dunne J, Eden T, Ent R, Fenker H, Gibson EF, Gilman R, Gustafsson K, Hinton W, Holt RJ, Jackson H, Jin S, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Kim PH, Kim W, King PM, Klein A, Koltenuk D, Kovaltchouk V, Liang M, Liu J, Lolos GJ, Lung A, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, McKee D, Meekins D, Mitchell J, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Mueller B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Pentchev L, Perdrisat C, Pitz D, Potterveld D, Punjabi V, Qin LM, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Roche J, Roos PG, Sarty A, Shin IK, Smith GR, Stepanyan S, Tang LG, Tadevosyan V, Tvaskis V, van der Meer RLJ, Vansyoc K, Van Westrum D, Vidakovic S, Volmer J, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wood SA, Xu C, Yan C, Zhao WX, Zheng X, Zihlmann B. Separated response function ratios in exclusive, forward π(±) electroproduction. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:182501. [PMID: 24856691 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the nucleon, including separation of the various structure functions, is of interest for a number of reasons. The ratio RL=σL(π-)/σL(π+) is sensitive to isoscalar contamination to the dominant isovector pion exchange amplitude, which is the basis for the determination of the charged pion form factor from electroproduction data. A change in the value of RT=σT(π-)/σT(π+) from unity at small -t, to 1/4 at large -t, would suggest a transition from coupling to a (virtual) pion to coupling to individual quarks. Furthermore, the mentioned ratios may show an earlier approach to perturbative QCD than the individual cross sections. We have performed the first complete separation of the four unpolarized electromagnetic structure functions above the dominant resonances in forward, exclusive π(±) electroproduction on the deuteron at central Q(2) values of 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 GeV(2) at W=1.95 GeV, and Q(2)=2.45 GeV(2) at W=2.22 GeV. Here, we present the L and T cross sections, with emphasis on RL and RT, and compare them with theoretical calculations. Results for the separated ratio RL indicate dominance of the pion-pole diagram at low -t, while results for RT are consistent with a transition between pion knockout and quark knockout mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H P Blok
- VU university, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and NIKHEF, Postbus 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Butuceanu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Horn
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - D J Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Abbott
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Aniol
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - H Anklin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - C Armstrong
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Arrington
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Assamagan
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - S Avery
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - O K Baker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - B Barrett
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - E J Beise
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Bochna
- University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - E J Brash
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - H Breuer
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C C Chang
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - N Chant
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J Dunne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Eden
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Fenker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E F Gibson
- California State University, Sacramento, California 95819, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - K Gustafsson
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - W Hinton
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R J Holt
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Jackson
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Jin
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Jones
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C E Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - P H Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - P M King
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Klein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Koltenuk
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - V Kovaltchouk
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - M Liang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Liu
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G J Lolos
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - A Lung
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | | | - D McKee
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mitchell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - H Mkrtchyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - B Mueller
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | | | - L Pentchev
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - D Pitz
- DAPNIA/SPhN, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Potterveld
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - L M Qin
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - P E Reimer
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Reinhold
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33119, USA
| | - J Roche
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P G Roos
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | - I K Shin
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - L G Tang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - V Tvaskis
- VU university, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and NIKHEF, Postbus 41882, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Vansyoc
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Van Westrum
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S Vidakovic
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - J Volmer
- VU university, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands and DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Vulcan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G Warren
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Xu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C Yan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W-X Zhao
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Zheng
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B Zihlmann
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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19
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Clearwater SJ, Wood SA, Phillips NR, Parkyn SM, Van Ginkel R, Thompson KJ. Toxicity thresholds for juvenile freshwater mussels Echyridella menziesii and crayfish Paranephrops planifrons, after acute or chronic exposure to Microcystis sp. Environ Toxicol 2014; 29:487-502. [PMID: 22489020 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Survival of juvenile freshwater mussels (Echyridella menziesii (Gray, 1843) formerly known as Hyridella menziesi) and crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons, White, 1842) decreased after four days exposure to microcystin-containing cell-free extracts (MCFE) of Microcystis sp. at concentrations typical of severe cyanobacterial blooms. Crayfish survival was 100, 80, and 50% in microcystin concentrations of 1339, 2426, and 11146 μg L(-1) respectively, and shade- and shelter-seeking behavior was negatively affected when concentrations were ≥2426 μg L(-1) . Mussel survival decreased to 92% and reburial rates decreased to 16% after exposure for 96 h to MCFE containing microcystins at concentrations of 5300 μg L(-1) . Crayfish survival was 100% when fed freeze-dried Microcystis sp. incorporated into an artificial diet (6-100 μg microcystin kg(-1) ww) at dietary doses from 0.03 to 0.55 μg g(-1) body weight d(-1) for 27 days. Specific growth rate was significantly lower in crayfish fed ≥0.15 μg g(-1) body weight day(-1) compared with controls, but not compared with a diet incorporating nontoxic cyanobacteria. Microcystins accumulated preferentially in crayfish hepatopancreas and mussel digesta as MCFE or dietary concentrations increased. These laboratory data indicate that, assuming dissolved oxygen concentrations remain adequate, and no simultaneous exposure to live Microcystis sp. cells, cell-free microcystins will only be a significant stressor to juvenile crayfish and mussels in severe Microcystis sp. blooms. In contrast, crayfish were negatively affected by relatively low concentrations of microcystins in artificial diets compared with those measured locally in benthic cyanobacterial mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Clearwater
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., PO Box 11115, Hamilton 3251, New Zealand
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Androic D, Armstrong DS, Asaturyan A, Averett T, Balewski J, Beaufait J, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Birchall J, Carlini RD, Cates GD, Cornejo JC, Covrig S, Dalton MM, Davis CA, Deconinck W, Diefenbach J, Dowd JF, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Duvall WS, Elaasar M, Falk WR, Finn JM, Forest T, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Gray VM, Grimm K, Guo F, Hoskins JR, Johnston K, Jones D, Jones M, Jones R, Kargiantoulakis M, King PM, Korkmaz E, Kowalski S, Leacock J, Leckey J, Lee AR, Lee JH, Lee L, MacEwan S, Mack D, Magee JA, Mahurin R, Mammei J, Martin JW, McHugh MJ, Meekins D, Mei J, Michaels R, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Morgan N, Myers KE, Narayan A, Ndukum LZ, Nelyubin V, van Oers WTH, Opper AK, Page SA, Pan J, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Rajotte JF, Ramsay WD, Roche J, Sawatzky B, Seva T, Shabestari MH, Silwal R, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Spayde DT, Subedi A, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Tobias WA, Tvaskis V, Waidyawansa B, Wang P, Wells SP, Wood SA, Yang S, Young RD, Zhamkochyan S. First determination of the weak charge of the proton. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:141803. [PMID: 24152148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.141803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Q(weak) experiment has measured the parity-violating asymmetry in ep elastic scattering at Q(2)=0.025(GeV/c)(2), employing 145 μA of 89% longitudinally polarized electrons on a 34.4 cm long liquid hydrogen target at Jefferson Lab. The results of the experiment's commissioning run, constituting approximately 4% of the data collected in the experiment, are reported here. From these initial results, the measured asymmetry is A(ep)=-279±35 (stat) ± 31 (syst) ppb, which is the smallest and most precise asymmetry ever measured in ep scattering. The small Q(2) of this experiment has made possible the first determination of the weak charge of the proton Q(W)(p) by incorporating earlier parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) data at higher Q(2) to constrain hadronic corrections. The value of Q(W)(p) obtained in this way is Q(W)(p)(PVES)=0.064±0.012, which is in good agreement with the standard model prediction of Q(W)(p)(SM)=0.0710±0.0007. When this result is further combined with the Cs atomic parity violation (APV) measurement, significant constraints on the weak charges of the up and down quarks can also be extracted. That PVES+APV analysis reveals the neutron's weak charge to be Q(W)(n)(PVES+APV)=-0.975±0.010.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androic
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-10002, Croatia
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Wood SA, Lloyd ROV, Whitear AL. ANALYSIS OF ISOMERIZED HOP EXTRACTS PART I. ESTIMATION OF ISOHUMULONES. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1968.tb03166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nakamura SN, Matsumura A, Okayasu Y, Seva T, Rodriguez VM, Baturin P, Yuan L, Acha A, Ahmidouch A, Androic D, Asaturyan A, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Benmokhtar F, Bosted P, Carlini R, Chen C, Christy M, Cole L, Danagoulian S, Daniel A, Dharmawardane V, Egiyan K, Elaasar M, Ent R, Fenker H, Fujii Y, Furic M, Gan L, Gaskell D, Gasparian A, Gibson EF, Gogami T, Gueye P, Han Y, Hashimoto O, Hiyama E, Honda D, Horn T, Hu B, Hungerford EV, Jayalath C, Jones M, Johnston K, Kalantarians N, Kanda H, Kaneta M, Kato F, Kato S, Kawama D, Keppel C, Lan KJ, Luo W, Mack D, Maeda K, Malace S, Margaryan A, Marikyan G, Markowitz P, Maruta T, Maruyama N, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Nagao S, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Niculescu MI, Nomura H, Nonaka K, Ohtani A, Oyamada M, Perez N, Petkovic T, Randeniya S, Reinhold J, Roche J, Sato Y, Segbefia EK, Simicevic N, Smith G, Song Y, Sumihama M, Tadevosyan V, Takahashi T, Tang L, Tsukada K, Tvaskis V, Vulcan W, Wells S, Wood SA, Yan C, Zhamkochyan S. Observation of the (Λ)(7)He hypernucleus by the (e, e'K+) reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:012502. [PMID: 23383783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.012502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An experiment with a newly developed high-resolution kaon spectrometer and a scattered electron spectrometer with a novel configuration was performed in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The ground state of a neutron-rich hypernucleus, (Λ)(7)He, was observed for the first time with the (e, e'K+) reaction with an energy resolution of ~0.6 MeV. This resolution is the best reported to date for hypernuclear reaction spectroscopy. The (Λ)(7)He binding energy supplies the last missing information of the A = 7, T = 1 hypernuclear isotriplet, providing a new input for the charge symmetry breaking effect of the ΛN potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Nakamura
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Bailey SL, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano CL, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis CA, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones MK, King PM, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Micherdzinska A, Mihovilovic M, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, Page SA, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pillot P, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, van Oers WTH, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA. Measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in inclusive electroproduction of π- near the Δ0 resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:122002. [PMID: 22540573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The parity-violating (PV) asymmetry of inclusive π- production in electron scattering from a liquid deuterium target was measured at backward angles. The measurement was conducted as a part of the G0 experiment, at a beam energy of 360 MeV. The physics process dominating pion production for these kinematics is quasifree photoproduction off the neutron via the Δ0 resonance. In the context of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, this asymmetry is related to a low-energy constant d(Δ)- that characterizes the parity-violating γNΔ coupling. Zhu et al. calculated d(Δ)- in a model benchmarked by the large asymmetries seen in hyperon weak radiative decays, and predicted potentially large asymmetries for this process, ranging from A(γ)-=-5.2 to +5.2 ppm. The measurement performed in this work leads to A(γ)-=-0.36±1.06±0.37±0.03 ppm (where sources of statistical, systematic and theoretical uncertainties are included), which would disfavor enchancements considered by Zhu et al. proportional to V(ud)/V(us). The measurement is part of a program of inelastic scattering measurements that were conducted by the G0 experiment, seeking to determine the N-Δ axial transition form factors using PV electron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-41001, Croatia
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Fomin N, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Benmokhtar F, Boeglin W, Bosted P, Bruell A, Bukhari MHS, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Clasie B, Connell SH, Dalton MM, Daniel A, Day DB, Dutta D, Ent R, El Fassi L, Fenker H, Filippone BW, Garrow K, Gaskell D, Hill C, Holt RJ, Horn T, Jones MK, Jourdan J, Kalantarians N, Keppel CE, Kiselev D, Kotulla M, Lindgren R, Lung AF, Malace S, Markowitz P, McKee P, Meekins DG, Mkrtchyan H, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Potterveld DH, Punjabi V, Qian X, Reimer PE, Roche J, Rodriguez VM, Rondon O, Schulte E, Seely J, Segbefia E, Slifer K, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Tadevosyan V, Tajima S, Tang L, Testa G, Trojer R, Tvaskis V, Vulcan WF, Wasko C, Wesselmann FR, Wood SA, Wright J, Zheng X. New measurements of high-momentum nucleons and short-range structures in nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:092502. [PMID: 22463628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present new measurements of electron scattering from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. These data allow an improved determination of the strength of two-nucleon correlations for several nuclei, including light nuclei where clustering effects can, for the first time, be examined. The data also include the kinematic region where three-nucleon correlations are expected to dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fomin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Bailey SL, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano CL, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis CA, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones MK, King PM, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Micherdzinska A, Mihovilovic M, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, Page SA, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pillot P, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, van Oers WTH, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Pasquini B, Vanderhaeghen M. Transverse beam spin asymmetries at backward angles in elastic electron-proton and quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:022501. [PMID: 21797598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetries in elastic scattering of transversely polarized electrons from the proton, and performed the first measurement in quasielastic scattering on the deuteron, at backward angles (lab scattering angle of 108°) for Q² = 0.22 GeV²/c² and 0.63 GeV²/c² at beam energies of 362 and 687 MeV, respectively. The asymmetry arises due to the imaginary part of the interference of the two-photon exchange amplitude with that of single-photon exchange. Results for the proton are consistent with a model calculation which includes inelastic intermediate hadronic (πN) states. An estimate of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for the scattering from the neutron is made using a quasistatic deuterium approximation, and is also in agreement with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-41001, Croatia
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Abstract
AbstractThe hydrolytic dissolution of some Zr-bearing minerals has been measured in aqueous KCl and KF solutions. Depending on the mineral being investigated, Zr concentrations varied from about 9 ppb to nearly 40 ppm in equilibrated solutions; this validates the notion of Zr mobility in some crustal fluids. At 50 °C, ΔfG were determined (using the measured solubility products) for Na catapleiite, elpidite, vlasovite and weloganite to be -4654.2±5.6, -7391.0±11.6, -5181.0±7.3 and -7130.5±1.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Calculated phase relationships amongst the zirconosilicates found at the Strange Lake peralkaline complex indicate that elpidite and gittinsite cannot coexist stably implying a two-stage hydrothermal mineralization process.
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Dennis MA, Landman M, Wood SA, Hamilton D. Application of flow cytometry for examining phytoplankton succession in two eutrophic lakes. Water Sci Technol 2011; 64:999-1008. [PMID: 22097090 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has potential as a rapid assessment technique to evaluate phytoplankton biomass and species composition. It facilitates for multi-parameter analysis of individual cells on the basis of light scattering effects induced from cellular constituents, as well as auto-fluorescence. Fluorescence emission characteristics may be especially useful in classifying cyanobacteria as they contain phycoerythrin which emits light predominantly in the 550-600 nm waveband, chlorophyll-a (650-700 nm emission) and allophycocyanin (660 nm emission). The objective of our study was to assess the utility of flow cytometry for the rapid identification and sorting of freshwater algae and cyanobacteria species. Using a selection of laboratory-cultured freshwater algae and cyanobacteria species, this study demonstrated unique light scatter and fluorescent characteristics for each species examined, allowing for rapid species identification and sorting of mixed populations of laboratory cultures and samples from two lakes in the Rotorua region (New Zealand). Analysis of lake water samples collected over seven months demonstrated changes in abundance and community composition of phytoplankton in the two lakes and demonstrates that flow cytometry may be a useful technique for examining seasonal changes in phytoplankton composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dennis
- Sustainable Design, Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand.
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Wood SA, Dietrich DR. Quantitative assessment of aerosolized cyanobacterial toxins at two New Zealand lakes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:1617-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c1em10102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Riordan S, Abrahamyan S, Craver B, Kelleher A, Kolarkar A, Miller J, Cates GD, Liyanage N, Wojtsekhowski B, Acha A, Allada K, Anderson B, Aniol KA, Annand JRM, Arrington J, Averett T, Beck A, Bellis M, Boeglin W, Breuer H, Calarco JR, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Coman L, Crowe B, Cusanno F, Day D, Degtyarenko P, Dolph PAM, Dutta C, Ferdi C, Fernández-Ramírez C, Feuerbach R, Fraile LM, Franklin G, Frullani S, Fuchs S, Garibaldi F, Gevorgyan N, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Gomez J, Grimm K, Hansen JO, Herraiz JL, Higinbotham DW, Holmes R, Holmstrom T, Howell D, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Katich J, Kaufman LJ, Khandaker M, Kelly JJ, Kiselev D, Korsch W, LeRose J, Lindgren R, Markowitz P, Margaziotis DJ, Beck SMT, Mayilyan S, McCormick K, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Ngo T, Nikolenko DM, Norum B, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Pomatsalyuk R, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Punjabi VA, Qian X, Qiang Y, Quinn B, Rachek I, Ransome RD, Reimer PE, Reitz B, Roche J, Ron G, Rondon O, Rosner G, Saha A, Sargsian MM, Sawatzky B, Segal J, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Shestakov Y, Singh J, Sirca S, Souder P, Stepanyan S, Stibunov V, Sulkosky V, Tajima S, Tobias WA, Udias JM, Urciuoli GM, Vlahovic B, Voskanyan H, Wang K, Wesselmann FR, Vignote JR, Wood SA, Wright J, Yao H, Zhu X. Measurements of the electric form factor of the neutron up to Q2=3.4 GeV2 using the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:262302. [PMID: 21231649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.262302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp in quasielastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in which the nuclear polarization was oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons that were registered in a large-solid-angle detector. More than doubling the Q2 range over which it is known, we find G(E)(n)=0.0236±0.0017(stat)±0.0026(syst), 0.0208±0.0024±0.0019, and 0.0147±0.0020±0.0014 for Q(2)=1.72, 2.48, and 3.41 GeV2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riordan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Fomin N, Arrington J, Day DB, Gaskell D, Daniel A, Seely J, Asaturyan R, Benmokhtar F, Boeglin W, Boillat B, Bosted P, Bruell A, Bukhari MHS, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Clasie B, Connell SH, Dalton MM, Dutta D, Ent R, El Fassi L, Fenker H, Filippone BW, Garrow K, Hill C, Holt RJ, Horn T, Jones MK, Jourdan J, Kalantarians N, Keppel CE, Kiselev D, Kotulla M, Lindgren R, Lung AF, Malace S, Markowitz P, McKee P, Meekins DG, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Okayasu Y, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Potterveld DH, Punjabi V, Qian X, Reimer PE, Roche J, Rodriguez VM, Rondon O, Schulte E, Segbefia E, Slifer K, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Tadevosyan V, Tajima S, Tang L, Testa G, Trojer R, Tvaskis V, Vulcan WF, Wasko C, Wesselmann FR, Wood SA, Wright J, Zheng X. Scaling of the F2 structure function in nuclei and quark distributions at x>1. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:212502. [PMID: 21231294 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.212502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present new data on electron scattering from a range of nuclei taken in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. For heavy nuclei, we observe a rapid falloff in the cross section for x>1, which is sensitive to short-range contributions to the nuclear wave function, and in deep inelastic scattering corresponds to probing extremely high momentum quarks. This result agrees with higher energy muon scattering measurements, but is in sharp contrast to neutrino scattering measurements which suggested a dramatic enhancement in the distribution of the "superfast" quarks probed at x>1. The falloff at x>1 is noticeably stronger in 2H and 3He, but nearly identical for all heavier nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fomin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
Few studies have directly focused on adherence to highly active antiretroviral medication (HAART) in HIV positive women caring for children. These women may have unique barriers and facilitators to taking medication, and a deeper understanding of their adherence patterns could enhance intervention strategies. A total of 36 HIV positive women who care for children less than 18 years of age were interviewed regarding their patterns and decision around taking HAART. The study group was comprised of 19 Latinas, 10 Euro-Americans, five African Americans and two Cape Verdeans. The mean length of time the women knew they were HIV positive was 11.15 years. Adherence patterns shifted over the course of the women's HIV history. The participants continually discussed medication adherence within the context of events and relationships that either upset or stabilized their adherence. The following themes emerged: (1) shifting adherence patterns; (2) reasons for adherence; (3) reasons for non-adherence; (4) the relationship between distress level and medication adherence; (5) interpersonal relationship as barrier or facilitator of medication adherence; and (6) children as facilitators in adherence. Providers need to be aware of the shifting nature of adherence and its relationship to psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Wood
- School of Social Welfare, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Bailey SL, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Bosted P, Breuer H, Capuano CL, Chao YC, Coppens A, Davis CA, Ellis C, Flores G, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Guillard G, Hansknecht J, Horn T, Jones M, King PM, Korsch W, Kox S, Lee L, Liu J, Lung A, Mammei J, Martin JW, McKeown RD, Mihovilovic M, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan H, Muether M, Page SA, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pillot P, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Schaub J, Seva T, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stutzman M, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, van Oers WTH, Versteegen M, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA. Strange quark contributions to parity-violating asymmetries in the backward angle G0 electron scattering experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:012001. [PMID: 20366359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton and quasielastic electron-deuteron scattering at Q2=0.22 and 0.63 GeV2. They are sensitive to strange quark contributions to currents in the nucleon and the nucleon axial-vector current. The results indicate strange quark contributions of approximately < 10% of the charge and magnetic nucleon form factors at these four-momentum transfers. We also present the first measurement of anapole moment effects in the axial-vector current at these four-momentum transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb HR-41001, Croatia
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Seely J, Daniel A, Gaskell D, Arrington J, Fomin N, Solvignon P, Asaturyan R, Benmokhtar F, Boeglin W, Boillat B, Bosted P, Bruell A, Bukhari MHS, Christy ME, Clasie B, Connell S, Dalton MM, Day D, Dunne J, Dutta D, El Fassi L, Ent R, Fenker H, Filippone BW, Gao H, Hill C, Holt RJ, Horn T, Hungerford E, Jones MK, Jourdan J, Kalantarians N, Keppel CE, Kiselev D, Kotulla M, Lee C, Lung AF, Malace S, Meekins DG, Mertens T, Mkrtchyan H, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Nomura H, Okayasu Y, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Potterveld DH, Punjabi V, Qian X, Reimer PE, Roche J, Rodriguez VM, Rondon O, Schulte E, Segbefia E, Slifer K, Smith GR, Tadevosyan V, Tajima S, Tang L, Testa G, Trojer R, Tvaskis V, Vulcan WF, Wesselmann FR, Wood SA, Wright J, Yuan L, Zheng X. New measurements of the European Muon Collaboration effect in very light nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:202301. [PMID: 20365978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
New Jefferson Lab data are presented on the nuclear dependence of the inclusive cross section from (2)H, (3)He, (4)He, (9)Be and (12)C for 0.3 < x < 0.9, Q(2) approximately 3-6 GeV(2). These data represent the first measurement of the EMC effect for (3)He at large x and a significant improvement for (4)He. The data do not support previous A-dependent or density-dependent fits to the EMC effect and suggest that the nuclear dependence of the quark distributions may depend on the local nuclear environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seely
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Henley DE, Leendertz JA, Russell GM, Wood SA, Taheri S, Woltersdorf WW, Lightman SL. Development of an automated blood sampling system for use in humans. J Med Eng Technol 2009; 33:199-208. [PMID: 19340690 DOI: 10.1080/03091900802185970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many hormones are released in a pulsatile or burst-like pattern resulting in fluctuating blood levels that can undergo rapid modulation by physiological and pathological signals. To accurately measure these changes in hormone concentration requires frequent blood sampling, often over extended periods as the overall rhythmicity may vary over 24 hours. The aim of this study was to develop a computerized, automated blood sampling system which allows repeated stress-free blood sample collection from humans over an extended period under basal or test conditions. The system incorporates a peristaltic pump, fraction collector and standard infusion pump together with a custom built electronic control unit linked to a personal computer. Disposable tubing prevents cross-contamination between study participants. The computer programme is modifiable to adjust for the number of specimen tubes and volume of blood collected per sampling cycle. Patency of the collecting line is maintained with 0.9% saline, without the need for heparinization. To validate the system, 10-minute samples for cortisol were collected over 24 hours from five healthy volunteers, of whom two had additional concomitant ACTH sampling. Deconvolution analysis revealed an expected number of hormone secretory episodes and a non-pathological degree of orderliness within the data. There was high concordance between ACTH and cortisol secretory events. The ability of the system to allow multiple measurements and of the software program to link with other physiological monitoring equipment provides a powerful tool to study physiologic/pathophysiologic change in relation to blood hormone and other biomarker levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Henley
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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McCutcheon JE, Fisher AS, Guzdar E, Wood SA, Lightman SL, Hunt SP. Genetic background influences the behavioural and molecular consequences of neurokinin-1 receptor knockout. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:683-90. [PMID: 18279320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background affects animal phenotype and therefore is of particular relevance to studies using genetically manipulated mice. Strain differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity may contribute to background-specificity of some mutations. Here, we analysed components of the HPA axis in mice lacking a functional neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1-/-) on two backgrounds: backcrossed C57BL/6 (B6) and mixed C57BL/6 x 129/sv (129B6). We hypothesized that HPA axis activity would vary between these strains, leading to differences in the NK1-/- phenotype. We compared levels of plasma corticosterone between the groups, and found 129B6 mice exhibited elevated levels of stress-induced corticosterone compared with B6 mice, regardless of genotype. Although the level of basal corticotrophin-releasing factor and stress-induced c-fos mRNAs did not differ between the genotypes of either strain, examination of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity within the hippocampus revealed that NK1-/- mice on the 129B6 background had elevated expression compared with wild-type, whilst there was no difference between genotypes in the B6 strain. Similarly, hippocampal neurogenesis in NK1-/- mice was greater than in wild-type on the 129B6 strain, and did not differ between genotypes on the B6 background. Finally, novelty- and morphine-induced locomotion were assessed. NK1-/- mice on the 129B6 background exhibited hyperlocomotion in response to novelty and greater sensitivity to the locomotor-stimulating properties of morphine than wild-type. In contrast, in B6 mice, no differences were observed between genotypes for either locomotor behaviour. In summary, we find that HPA axis activity differs between the strains and that there are profoundly background-specific effects of the NK1 receptor mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E McCutcheon
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower St, London, UK.
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Clasie B, Qian X, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Benmokhtar F, Boeglin W, Bosted P, Bruell A, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cosyn W, Dalton MM, Daniel A, Day D, Dutta D, El Fassi L, Ent R, Fenker HC, Ferrer J, Fomin N, Gao H, Garrow K, Gaskell D, Gray C, Horn T, Huber GM, Jones MK, Kalantarians N, Keppel CE, Kramer K, Larson A, Li Y, Liang Y, Lung AF, Malace S, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, Meekins DG, Mertens T, Miller GA, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Monson R, Navasardyan T, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Opper AK, Perdrisat C, Punjabi V, Rauf AW, Rodriquez VM, Rohe D, Ryckebusch J, Seely J, Segbefia E, Smith GR, Strikman M, Sumihama M, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Tvaskis V, Villano A, Vulcan WF, Wesselmann FR, Wood SA, Yuan L, Zheng XC. Measurement of nuclear transparency for the A(e,e'pi+) reaction. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:242502. [PMID: 18233444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the nuclear transparency of the A(e,e'pi+) process in 2H, 12C, 27Al, 63Cu, and 197Au targets. These measurements were performed at the Jefferson Laboratory over a four momentum transfer squared range Q2=1.1 to 4.7 (GeV/c)2. The nuclear transparency was extracted as the super-ratio of (sigmaA/sigmaH) from data to a model of pion-electroproduction from nuclei without pi-N final-state interactions. The Q2 and atomic number dependence of the nuclear transparency both show deviations from traditional nuclear physics expectations and are consistent with calculations that include the quantum chromodynamical phenomenon of color transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clasie
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Spiga F, Harrison LR, Wood SA, Atkinson HC, MacSweeney CP, Thomson F, Craighead M, Grassie M, Lightman SL. Effect of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Org 34850 on basal and stress-induced corticosterone secretion. J Neuroendocrinol 2007; 19:891-900. [PMID: 17927667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2007.01605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is characterised both by an ultradian pulsatile pattern of glucocorticoid secretion and an endogenous diurnal rhythm. Glucocorticoid feedback plays a major role in regulating HPA axis activity and this mechanism occurs via two different receptors: mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). In the present study, the effects of both acute and subchronic treatment with the GR antagonist Org 34850 on basal and stress-induced HPA axis activity in male rats were evaluated. To investigate the effect of Org 34850 on basal diurnal corticosterone rhythm over the 24-h cycle, an automated blood sampling system collected samples every 10 min. Acute injection of Org 34850 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) did not affect basal or stress-induced corticosterone secretion, but was able to antagonise the inhibitory effect of the glucocorticoid agonist methylprednisolone on stress-induced corticosterone secretion. However, 5 days of treatment with Org 34850 (10 mg/kg, s.c., two times a day), compared to rats treated with vehicle (5% mulgofen in 0.9% saline, 1 ml/kg, s.c.), increased corticosterone secretion over the 24-h cycle and resulted in changes in the pulsatile pattern of hormone release, but had no significant effect on adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion or on stress-induced corticosterone secretion. Subchronic treatment with Org 34850 did not alter GR mRNA expression in the hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or anterior-pituitary, or MR mRNA expression in the hippocampus. Our data suggest that a prolonged blockade of GRs is required to increase basal HPA axis activity. The changes observed here with ORG 34850 are consistent with inhibition of GR-mediated negative feedback of the HPA axis. In light of the evidence showing an involvement of dysfunctional HPA axis in the pathophysiology of depression, Org 34850 could be a potential treatment for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Spiga
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Wood SA, Kirby BM, Goodwin CM, Le Roes M, Meyers PR. PCR screening reveals unexpected antibiotic biosynthetic potential in Amycolatopsis sp. strain UM16. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:245-53. [PMID: 17184341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the antibiotic biosynthetic potential of Amycolatopsis sp. strain UM16 and eight other Amycolatopsis species. METHODS AND RESULTS Amycolatopsis genomic DNA was screened by PCR for the glycopeptide, Type-II (aromatic) polyketide and ansamycin biosynthetic gene clusters. Amycolatopsis sp. strain UM16, which exhibits weak antitubercular activity, was shown to have the glycopeptide oxyB gene and the Type-II (aromatic) polyketide-synthase KSalpha-KSbeta tandem gene pair, but not the AHBA synthase gene. The ristocetin (glycopeptide) producer, Amycolatopsis lurida NRRL 2430(T), was shown to have the oxyB gene and the Type-II polyketide-synthase KSalpha-KSbeta tandem gene pair. Amycolatopsis alba NRRL 18532(T) was shown to have the glycopeptide oxyB gene and the AHBA synthase gene. Phylogenetic analyses using Amycolatopsis oxyB and KSalpha-KSbeta gene sequences were conducted. CONCLUSIONS Amycolatopsis sp. strain UM16 appears to have the biosynthetic potential to produce glycopeptide and Type-II polyketide antibiotics, but not ansamycins. The potential to synthesize aromatic polyketides may be more widely distributed in Amycolatopsis than is currently recognized. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PCR screening is a very useful tool for rapidly identifying the biosynthetic potential of an antibiotic-producing actinomycete isolate. Advanced knowledge of the type of antibiotic(s) produced will allow appropriate methods to be selected for antibiotic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag 1, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Allen AH, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Neveling R, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, Van de Wiele J, van Oers WTH, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Transverse beam spin asymmetries in forward-angle elastic electron-proton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:092301. [PMID: 17930999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic scattering of transversely polarized 3 GeV electrons from unpolarized protons at Q2=0.15, 0.25 (GeV/c)2. The results are inconsistent with calculations solely using the elastic nucleon intermediate state and generally agree with calculations with significant inelastic hadronic intermediate state contributions. A(n) provides a direct probe of the imaginary component of the 2gamma exchange amplitude, the complete description of which is important in the interpretation of data from precision electron-scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
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Tvaskis V, Christy ME, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Blok HP, Bosted P, Boswell M, Bruell A, Cochran A, Cole L, Crowder J, Dunne J, Ent R, Fenker HC, Filippone BW, Garrow K, Gasparian A, Gomez J, Jackson HE, Keppel CE, Kinney E, Lapikás L, Liang Y, Lorenzon W, Lung A, Mack DJ, Martin JW, McIlhany K, Meekins D, Milner RG, Mitchell JH, Mkrtchyan H, Moreland B, Nazaryan V, Niculescu I, Opper A, Piercey RB, Potterveld DH, Rose B, Sato Y, Seo W, Smith G, Spurlock K, van der Steenhoven G, Stepanyan S, Tadevosian V, Uzzle A, Vulcan WF, Wood SA, Zihlmann B, Ziskin V. Longitudinal-transverse separations of deep-inelastic structure functions at low Q2 for hydrogen and deuterium. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:142301. [PMID: 17501267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.142301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report on a study of the longitudinal to transverse cross section ratio, R=sigmaL/sigmaT, at low values of x and Q2, as determined from inclusive inelastic electron-hydrogen and electron-deuterium scattering data from Jefferson Laboratory Hall C spanning the four-momentum transfer range 0.06<Q2<2.8 GeV2. Even at the lowest values of Q2, R remains nearly constant and does not disappear with decreasing Q2, as might be expected. We find a nearly identical behavior for hydrogen and deuterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tvaskis
- Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Navasardyan T, Adams GS, Ahmidouch A, Angelescu T, Arrington J, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Benmouna N, Bertoncini C, Blok HP, Boeglin WU, Bosted PE, Breuer H, Christy ME, Connell SH, Cui Y, Dalton MM, Danagoulian S, Day D, Dodario T, Dunne JA, Dutta D, El Khayari N, Ent R, Fenker HC, Frolov VV, Gan L, Gaskell D, Hafidi K, Hinton W, Holt RJ, Horn T, Huber GM, Hungerford E, Jiang X, Jones M, Joo K, Kalantarians N, Kelly JJ, Keppel CE, Kubarovski V, Li Y, Liang Y, Malace S, Markowitz P, McGrath E, McKee P, Meekins DG, Mkrtchyan H, Moziak B, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Opper AK, Ostapenko T, Reimer P, Reinhold J, Roche J, Rock SE, Schulte E, Segbefia E, Smith C, Smith GR, Stoler P, Tadevosyan V, Tang L, Ungaro M, Uzzle A, Vidakovic S, Villano A, Vulcan WF, Wang M, Warren G, Wesselmann F, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood SA, Xu C, Yuan L, Zheng X, Zhu H. Onset of quark-hadron duality in pion electroproduction. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:022001. [PMID: 17358596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A large data set of charged-pion (pi+/-) electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets has been obtained spanning the low-energy residual-mass region. These data conclusively show the onset of the quark-hadron duality phenomenon, as predicted for high-energy hadron electroproduction. We construct several ratios from these data to exhibit the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark-->pion production mechanisms.
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Horn T, Aniol K, Arrington J, Barrett B, Beise EJ, Blok HP, Boeglin W, Brash EJ, Breuer H, Chang CC, Christy ME, Ent R, Gaskell D, Gibson E, Holt RJ, Huber GM, Jin S, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Kim W, King PM, Kovaltchouk V, Liu J, Lolos GJ, Mack DJ, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Matsumura A, Meekins D, Miyoshi T, Mkrtchyan H, Niculescu I, Okayasu Y, Pentchev L, Perdrisat C, Potterveld D, Punjabi V, Reimer P, Reinhold J, Roche J, Roos PG, Sarty A, Smith GR, Tadevosyan V, Tang LG, Tvaskis V, Vidakovic S, Volmer J, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wood SA, Xu C, Zheng X. Determination of the pion charge form factor at Q2=1.60 and 2.45 (GeV/c)2. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:192001. [PMID: 17155616 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.192001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The 1H(e,e'pi+)n cross section was measured at four-momentum transfers of Q2=1.60 and 2.45 GeV2 at an invariant mass of the photon nucleon system of W=2.22 GeV. The charged pion form factor (F(pi)) was extracted from the data by comparing the separated longitudinal pion electroproduction cross section to a Regge model prediction in which F(pi) is a free parameter. The results indicate that the pion form factor deviates from the charge-radius constrained monopole form at these values of Q2 by one sigma, but is still far from its perturbative quantum chromodynamics prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Horn
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Wood SA, Rees SA, Simmonds RJ. A Sensitive High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for U-80, 278A, A Substituted Aminotetralin, in Rat Plasma, Whole Blood and Brain Tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483919108049493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Wood
- a Preclinical Research and Development Upjohn Laboratories Europe Fleming Way , Crawley West Sussex, RH10 2NJ, England
| | - S. A. Rees
- a Preclinical Research and Development Upjohn Laboratories Europe Fleming Way , Crawley West Sussex, RH10 2NJ, England
| | - R. J. Simmonds
- a Preclinical Research and Development Upjohn Laboratories Europe Fleming Way , Crawley West Sussex, RH10 2NJ, England
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Atkinson HC, Wood SA, Kershaw YM, Bate E, Lightman SL. Diurnal variation in the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the male rat to noise stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2006; 18:526-33. [PMID: 16774501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Basal activity of the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is highly dynamic and displays both circadian and ultradian rhythmicity in corticosterone secretion. This study investigated the relationship between basal corticosterone pulsatility and the corticosterone response to noise during the early light phase when there are no endogenous corticosterone pulses and during the early dark phase when there are hourly pulses of corticosterone. An automated blood sampling system was used to collect blood in conscious male rats at 5-min intervals before, during and after exposure to 10-min periods of white noise (104 dB). Behavioural responses to noise were also monitored during these periods. During the early light phase (morning), there was a consistent corticosteroid response to noise with corticosterone concentrations rising rapidly and reaching peak values 10-15 min after the noise had ceased, following which circulating concentrations declined at a rate comparable to the hormones half-life. A second noise stress, 80 min later, resulted in adaptation of the corticosterone response. During the early dark phase (evening), the corticosterone response to the noise was similar to that seen in the morning, although there was no adaptation to a second stimulus. During the evening, the inhibition of endogenous HPA activity after the sound was limited to 40 min following stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Atkinson
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Wood SA, Briggs LR, Sprosen J, Ruck JG, Wear RG, Holland PT, Bloxham M. Changes in concentrations of microcystins in rainbow trout, freshwater mussels, and cyanobacteria in Lakes Rotoiti and Rotoehu. Environ Toxicol 2006; 21:205-22. [PMID: 16646016 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin concentrations in cyanobacteria and their accumulation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and freshwater mussels (Hyridella menziesi) in Lakes Rotoiti and Rotoehu (New Zealand) were investigated. Hatchery rainbow trout were added to an enclosure in Lake Rotoiti where concentrations of microcystins in the phytoplankton and cyanobacterial cell concentrations could be closely monitored. Rainbow trout that were free to roam in the entire area of each lake were also included in the study. Freshwater mussels were suspended subsurface in cages in the enclosure. Phytoplankton samples, rainbow trout liver and muscle tissue, and the tissues of mussels were analyzed for microcystins using the ADDA-ELISA method, and selected samples were analyzed using LC-MS. A maximum concentration of microcystins in the phytoplankton samples of 760 microg L(-1) was recorded in Te Weta Bay, Lake Rotoiti, in March 2004. ELISA results confirmed microcystin immunoreactivity in rainbow trout liver and muscle tissues and in freshwater mussels. The microcystin congeners LR, YR, RR, AR, FR, LA, and WR were detected by LC-MS in caged freshwater mussels in Lake Rotoiti but were not detected in either muscle or liver tissue of rainbow trout. The daily tolerable intake limit of microcystins for human consumption recommended by the World Health Organisation is 0.04 microg kg(-1) day(-1). Modeling was carried out for the human intake of microcystin compounds from rainbow trout muscle tissue, and the potential health risks were estimated, assuming the ADDA-ELISA was determining compounds of toxicity equivalent to microcystin-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand.
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Armstrong DS, Arvieux J, Asaturyan R, Averett T, Bailey SL, Batigne G, Beck DH, Beise EJ, Benesch J, Bimbot L, Birchall J, Biselli A, Bosted P, Boukobza E, Breuer H, Carlini R, Carr R, Chant N, Chao YC, Chattopadhyay S, Clark R, Covrig S, Cowley A, Dale D, Davis C, Falk W, Finn JM, Forest T, Franklin G, Furget C, Gaskell D, Grames J, Griffioen KA, Grimm K, Guillon B, Guler H, Hannelius L, Hasty R, Hawthorne Allen A, Horn T, Johnston K, Jones M, Kammel P, Kazimi R, King PM, Kolarkar A, Korkmaz E, Korsch W, Kox S, Kuhn J, Lachniet J, Lee L, Lenoble J, Liatard E, Liu J, Loupias B, Lung A, MacLachlan GA, Marchand D, Martin JW, McFarlane KW, McKee DW, McKeown RD, Merchez F, Mkrtchyan H, Moffit B, Morlet M, Nakagawa I, Nakahara K, Nakos M, Neveling R, Niccolai S, Ong S, Page S, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Poelker M, Porcelli TA, Quéméner G, Quinn B, Ramsay WD, Rauf AW, Real JS, Roche J, Roos P, Rutledge GA, Secrest J, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Spayde DT, Stepanyan S, Stutzman M, Sulkosky V, Tadevosyan V, Tieulent R, van de Wiele J, van Oers W, Voutier E, Vulcan W, Warren G, Wells SP, Williamson SE, Wood SA, Yan C, Yun J, Zeps V. Strange-quark contributions to parity-violating asymmetries in the forward g0 electron-proton scattering experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:092001. [PMID: 16197209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 < or =Q2 < or =1.0 GeV2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Armstrong
- Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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Seale JV, Wood SA, Atkinson HC, Lightman SL, Harbuz MS. Organizational role for testosterone and estrogen on adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in the male rat. Endocrinology 2005; 146:1973-82. [PMID: 15625243 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organizational effects of testosterone during a critical period of neonatal life have major irreversible effects on adult sexual behavior. We have investigated whether perinatal androgen changes also affect another major sexually differentiated system, the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. This was assessed in male rats who had been exposed to perinatal flutamide or 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD). Once the animals reached adulthood, an automated sampling system was used to collect blood from freely moving animals at 10-min intervals over 24 h, followed by a noise stress and then the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Perinatal flutamide- and ATD-treated rats not only had higher mean corticosterone levels and increased frequency and amplitude of corticosterone pulses over the 24 h compared with vehicle-injected controls, but they also showed markedly increased corticosterone responses to both noise and LPS. All parameters of increased hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity resembled the normal physiological state of the intact adult female rather than that of the intact adult male rat. Furthermore, 3 h after LPS administration, both flutamide- and ATD-treated animals had markedly higher levels of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and proopiomelanocortin mRNA in the adenohypophysis. Flutamide-treated rats also had a greater level of PVN arginine vasopressin mRNA. PVN glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels were significantly lower in both the flutamide- and the ATD-treated male rats. These data highlight the importance of perinatal exposure to both testosterone and estrogen(s) on the development of a masculinized circadian corticosterone profile and stress-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in the adult male rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Seale
- Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The ability of postnatal testosterone propionate (TP) to masculinize both behaviour and gonadal cyclicity in the female rat is well documented. We have investigated whether postnatal androgen also has an organizational effect on another sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine system--the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Female rats were exposed to a single injection of testosterone propionate (TP) or oil within 24 h of birth. As adults, rats were either ovariectomized and given 17beta-oestradiol replacement (OVXE2) or sham ovariectomized with cholesterol implants (SHOVX). An automated sampling system collected blood from unanaesthetized adult female rats every 10 min over a 24-h period, during a mild psychological stress (noise) and following an immunological lipopolysaccharide stress (LPS). Neonatal TP-treated SHOVX rats had a significant reduction in the number, height, frequency and amplitude of corticosterone pulses over the basal 24-h period, compared to both the neonatal oil-treated and TP-treated OVXE2 animals. The corticosterone response to both noise and LPS was also significantly decreased for the TP-treated SHOVX females. Three hours post-LPS administration, TP females had significantly lower values of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and anterior pituitary proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNAs and greater PVN glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression compared to the oil-treated controls. E2 replacement in adult TP rats normalized all the mRNA levels, except for PVN GR mRNA which did fall towards the levels of the oil-control animals. A single injection of TP within 24 h of birth disrupts the development of the characteristic female pattern of corticosterone secretion and the normal female HPA response to stress, resulting in a pattern similar to that seen in males. These effects can be reversed by E2 treatment in the adult TP female rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Seale
- HW LINE, Dorothy Hodgkin, Building, Whitson street, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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Seale JV, Wood SA, Atkinson HC, Harbuz MS, Lightman SL. Gonadal steroid replacement reverses gonadectomy-induced changes in the corticosterone pulse profile and stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity of male and female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2004; 16:989-98. [PMID: 15667454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of gonadal hormone replacement on the pulsatile parameters underlying basal circadian corticosterone secretion in castrated male and ovariectomized female rats using an automated sampling system. Blood was collected from freely moving, unanaesthetized rats every 10 min over a 24-h period and sampling was continued during a noise stress and after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Castrated male rats had markedly higher corticosterone levels than intact controls. This was reflected by increased number and frequency of pulses in addition to an increase in the pulse height and amplitude under both basal circadian and stress conditions. Hormone replacement with either testosterone or dihydrotestosterone returned these corticosterone levels and circadian profile to those found in intact males, confirming an androgen-mediated effect. Ovariectomized females had significantly lower basal and stress-induced corticosterone levels with lower frequency and amplitude of corticosterone pulses than intact females. 17beta-oestradiol replacement returned basal levels, pulsatile measurements and stress-induced corticosterone levels to those found in intact females. Three hours post-LPS administration, castrated males demonstrated significantly higher values of parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) arginine vasopressin and corticotrophin-releasing factor and anterior pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA while ovariectomized females showed significantly lower levels of all three transcripts compared to intact controls. PVN glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels 3 h post-LPS administration were significantly decreased in castrated males and significantly increased in ovariectomized female rats. Replacement of gonadal steroids resulted in a return to the levels found in intact controls after LPS. Gonadal steroid replacement is sufficient to reverse changes in the pulsatile characteristics of corticosterone release after gonadectomy. In addition, gonadal steroid replacement reverses stress-induced alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity. These data demonstrate a major contribution of gonadal steroids to the regulation of HPA axis activity and to the pulsatile characteristics of corticosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Seale
- LINE, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Rohe D, Armstrong CS, Asaturyan R, Baker OK, Bueltmann S, Carasco C, Day D, Ent R, Fenker HC, Garrow K, Gasparian A, Gueye P, Hauger M, Honegger A, Jourdan J, Keppel CE, Kubon G, Lindgren R, Lung A, Mack DJ, Mitchell JH, Mkrtchyan H, Mocelj D, Normand K, Petitjean T, Rondon O, Segbefia E, Sick I, Stepanyan S, Tang L, Tiefenbacher F, Vulcan WF, Warren G, Wood SA, Yuan L, Zeier M, Zhu H, Zihlmann B. Correlated strength in the nuclear spectral function. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:182501. [PMID: 15525158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out an (e,e'p) experiment at high momentum transfer and in parallel kinematics to measure the strength of the nuclear spectral function S(k,E) at high nucleon momenta k and large removal energies E. This strength is related to the presence of short-range and tensor correlations, and was known hitherto only indirectly and with considerable uncertainty from the lack of strength in the independent-particle region. This experiment locates by direct measurement the correlated strength predicted by theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rohe
- University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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