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Molodyk A, Samoilenkov S, Markelov A, Degtyarenko P, Lee S, Petrykin V, Gaifullin M, Mankevich A, Vavilov A, Sorbom B, Cheng J, Garberg S, Kesler L, Hartwig Z, Gavrilkin S, Tsvetkov A, Okada T, Awaji S, Abraimov D, Francis A, Bradford G, Larbalestier D, Senatore C, Bonura M, Pantoja AE, Wimbush SC, Strickland NM, Vasiliev A. Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa 2Cu 3O 7 superconducting wires for fusion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2084. [PMID: 33483553 PMCID: PMC7822827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fusion power density produced in a tokamak is proportional to its magnetic field strength to the fourth power. Second-generation high temperature superconductor (2G HTS) wires demonstrate remarkable engineering current density (averaged over the full wire), JE, at very high magnetic fields, driving progress in fusion and other applications. The key challenge for HTS wires has been to offer an acceptable combination of high and consistent superconducting performance in high magnetic fields, high volume supply, and low price. Here we report a very high and reproducible JE in practical HTS wires based on a simple YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconductor formulation with Y2O3 nanoparticles, which have been delivered in just nine months to a commercial fusion customer in the largest-volume order the HTS industry has seen to date. We demonstrate a novel YBCO superconductor formulation without the c-axis correlated nano-columnar defects that are widely believed to be prerequisite for high in-field performance. The simplicity of this new formulation allows robust and scalable manufacturing, providing, for the first time, large volumes of consistently high performance wire, and the economies of scale necessary to lower HTS wire prices to a level acceptable for fusion and ultimately for the widespread commercial adoption of HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Molodyk
- S-Innovations, Moscow, Russia.
- SuperOx, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S Samoilenkov
- S-Innovations, Moscow, Russia
- SuperOx, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - P Degtyarenko
- SuperOx, Moscow, Russia
- Joint Institute for High Temperature, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Lee
- SuperOx Japan, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - A Vavilov
- S-Innovations, Moscow, Russia
- SuperOx, Moscow, Russia
- SuperOx Japan, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - B Sorbom
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Cheng
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Garberg
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Kesler
- Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z Hartwig
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Gavrilkin
- P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Tsvetkov
- P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Okada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Awaji
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - D Abraimov
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - A Francis
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - G Bradford
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - D Larbalestier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - C Senatore
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Bonura
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A E Pantoja
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S C Wimbush
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - N M Strickland
- Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Vasiliev
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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2
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Fanelli C, Cisbani E, Hamilton DJ, Salmé G, Wojtsekhowski B, Ahmidouch A, Annand JRM, Baghdasaryan H, Beaufait J, Bosted P, Brash EJ, Butuceanu C, Carter P, Christy E, Chudakov E, Danagoulian S, Day D, Degtyarenko P, Ent R, Fenker H, Fowler M, Frlez E, Gaskell D, Gilman R, Horn T, Huber GM, de Jager CW, Jensen E, Jones MK, Kelleher A, Keppel C, Khandaker M, Kohl M, Kumbartzki G, Lassiter S, Li Y, Lindgren R, Lovelace H, Luo W, Mack D, Mamyan V, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Maxwell J, Mbianda G, Meekins D, Meziane M, Miller J, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Mulholland J, Nelyubin V, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Prok Y, Puckett AJR, Punjabi V, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Slifer K, Smith G, Solvignon P, Subedi R, Wesselmann FR, Wood S, Ye Z, Zheng X. Polarization Transfer in Wide-Angle Compton Scattering and Single-Pion Photoproduction from the Proton. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:152001. [PMID: 26550716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wide-angle exclusive Compton scattering and single-pion photoproduction from the proton have been investigated via measurement of the polarization transfer from a circularly polarized photon beam to the recoil proton. The wide-angle Compton scattering polarization transfer was analyzed at an incident photon energy of 3.7 GeV at a proton scattering angle of θ_{cm}^{p}=70°. The longitudinal transfer K_{LL}, measured to be 0.645±0.059±0.048, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic, has the same sign as predicted for the reaction mechanism in which the photon interacts with a single quark carrying the spin of the proton. However, the observed value is ~3 times larger than predicted by the generalized-parton-distribution-based calculations, which indicates a significant unknown contribution to the scattering amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, gruppo Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - E Cisbani
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, gruppo Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - D J Hamilton
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - G Salmé
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Ahmidouch
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - J R M Annand
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - H Baghdasaryan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - J Beaufait
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Bosted
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E J Brash
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Butuceanu
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S OA2, Canada
| | - P Carter
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Christy
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - E Chudakov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Danagoulian
- North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, USA
| | - D Day
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - P Degtyarenko
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Fenker
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Fowler
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Frlez
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - T Horn
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S OA2, Canada
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Jensen
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Kelleher
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - M Kohl
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - G Kumbartzki
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - S Lassiter
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Y Li
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - H Lovelace
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - W Luo
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Mamyan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Maxwell
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G Mbianda
- University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Meziane
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - J Miller
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Mkrtchyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - J Mulholland
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Pentchev
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C F Perdrisat
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - E Piasetzky
- University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Y Prok
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A J R Puckett
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - M Shabestari
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - K Slifer
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - G Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R Subedi
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | | - S Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z Ye
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Riordan S, Abrahamyan S, Craver B, Kelleher A, Kolarkar A, Miller J, Cates GD, Liyanage N, Wojtsekhowski B, Acha A, Allada K, Anderson B, Aniol KA, Annand JRM, Arrington J, Averett T, Beck A, Bellis M, Boeglin W, Breuer H, Calarco JR, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Coman L, Crowe B, Cusanno F, Day D, Degtyarenko P, Dolph PAM, Dutta C, Ferdi C, Fernández-Ramírez C, Feuerbach R, Fraile LM, Franklin G, Frullani S, Fuchs S, Garibaldi F, Gevorgyan N, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Gomez J, Grimm K, Hansen JO, Herraiz JL, Higinbotham DW, Holmes R, Holmstrom T, Howell D, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Katich J, Kaufman LJ, Khandaker M, Kelly JJ, Kiselev D, Korsch W, LeRose J, Lindgren R, Markowitz P, Margaziotis DJ, Beck SMT, Mayilyan S, McCormick K, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Ngo T, Nikolenko DM, Norum B, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Pomatsalyuk R, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Punjabi VA, Qian X, Qiang Y, Quinn B, Rachek I, Ransome RD, Reimer PE, Reitz B, Roche J, Ron G, Rondon O, Rosner G, Saha A, Sargsian MM, Sawatzky B, Segal J, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Shestakov Y, Singh J, Sirca S, Souder P, Stepanyan S, Stibunov V, Sulkosky V, Tajima S, Tobias WA, Udias JM, Urciuoli GM, Vlahovic B, Voskanyan H, Wang K, Wesselmann FR, Vignote JR, Wood SA, Wright J, Yao H, Zhu X. Measurements of the electric form factor of the neutron up to Q2=3.4 GeV2 using the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:262302. [PMID: 21231649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.262302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp in quasielastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in which the nuclear polarization was oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons that were registered in a large-solid-angle detector. More than doubling the Q2 range over which it is known, we find G(E)(n)=0.0236±0.0017(stat)±0.0026(syst), 0.0208±0.0024±0.0019, and 0.0147±0.0020±0.0014 for Q(2)=1.72, 2.48, and 3.41 GeV2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riordan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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4
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Danagoulian A, Mamyan VH, Roedelbronn M, Aniol KA, Annand JRM, Bertin PY, Bimbot L, Bosted P, Calarco JR, Camsonne A, Chang CC, Chang TH, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov E, Degtyarenko P, de Jager CW, Deur A, Dutta D, Egiyan K, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Hamilton DJ, Hansen JO, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Hinton W, Horn T, Howell C, Hunyady T, Hyde CE, Jiang X, Jones MK, Khandaker M, Ketikyan A, Kubarovsky V, Kramer K, Kumbartzki G, Laveissière G, Lerose J, Lindgren RA, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Meekins DG, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moussiegt P, Nanda S, Nathan AM, Nikolenko DM, Nelyubin V, Norum BE, Paschke K, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Pomatsalyuk R, Punjabi VA, Rachek I, Radyushkin A, Reitz B, Roche R, Ron G, Sabatié F, Saha A, Savvinov N, Shahinyan A, Shestakov Y, Sirca S, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Stoler P, Tajima S, Sulkosky V, Todor L, Vlahovic B, Weinstein LB, Wang K, Wojtsekhowski B, Voskanyan H, Xiang H, Zheng X, Zhu L. Compton-scattering cross section on the proton at high momentum transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:152001. [PMID: 17501338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cross-section values for Compton scattering on the proton were measured at 25 kinematic settings over the range s=5-11 and -t=2-7 GeV2 with a statistical accuracy of a few percent. The scaling power for the s dependence of the cross section at fixed center-of-mass angle was found to be 8.0+/-0.2, strongly inconsistent with the prediction of perturbative QCD. The observed cross-section values are in fair agreement with the calculations using the handbag mechanism, in which the external photons couple to a single quark.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Danagoulian
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
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