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Humpert S, Schneider D, Bier D, Schulze A, Neumaier F, Neumaier B, Holschbach M. 8-Bicycloalkyl-CPFPX derivatives as potent and selective tools for in vivo imaging of the A 1 adenosine receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116380. [PMID: 38615410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Imaging of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1R) by positron emission tomography (PET) with 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-1-propyl-xanthine ([18F]CPFPX) has been widely used in preclinical and clinical studies. However, this radioligand suffers from rapid peripheral metabolism and subsequent accumulation of radiometabolites in the vascular compartment. In the present work, we prepared four derivatives of CPFPX by replacement of the cyclopentyl group with norbornane moieties. These derivatives were evaluated by competition binding studies, microsomal stability assays and LC-MS analysis of microsomal metabolites. In addition, the 18F-labeled isotopologue of 8-(1-norbornyl)-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine (1-NBX) as the most promising candidate was prepared by radiofluorination of the corresponding tosylate precursor and the resulting radioligand ([18F]1-NBX) was evaluated by permeability assays with Caco-2 cells and in vitro autoradiography in rat brain slices. Our results demonstrate that 1-NBX exhibits significantly improved A1R affinity and selectivity when compared to CPFPX and that it does not give rise to lipophilic metabolites expected to cross the blood-brain-barrier in microsomal assays. Furthermore, [18F]1-NBX showed a high passive permeability (Pc = 6.9 ± 2.9 × 10-5 cm/s) and in vitro autoradiography with this radioligand resulted in a distribution pattern matching A1R expression in the brain. Moreover, a low degree of non-specific binding (5%) was observed. Taken together, these findings identify [18F]1-NBX as a promising candidate for further preclinical evaluation as potential PET tracer for A1R imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Humpert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dirk Bier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Annette Schulze
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Straße 50, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Marcus Holschbach
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428, Jülich, Germany
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Lee NG, Lim MH, Park J, Jeung IC, Hwang B, Lee J, Park JG, Son MY, Han BS, Yoon SJ, Lee SJ, Park YJ, Kim JH, Lee NK, Lee SC, Min JK. TGF-β and SHH Regulate Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Generating an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1132. [PMID: 37892862 PMCID: PMC10604460 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are important tools for studying CNS drug delivery, brain development, and brain disease. In vitro BBB models have been obtained from animals and immortalized cell lines; however, brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) derived from them have several limitations. Furthermore, obtaining mature brain microvascular endothelial-like cells (BME-like cells) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with desirable properties for establishing BBB models has been challenging. Here, we developed an efficient method for differentiating hPSCs into BMECs that are amenable to the development and application of human BBB models. The established conditions provided an environment similar to that occurring during BBB differentiation in the presence of the co-differentiating neural cell population by the modulation of TGF-β and SHH signaling. The developed BME-like cells showed well-organized tight junctions, appropriate expression of nutrient transporters, and polarized efflux transporter activity. In addition, BME-like cells responded to astrocytes, acquiring substantial barrier properties as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Moreover, the BME-like cells exhibited an immune quiescent property of BBB endothelial cells by decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules. Therefore, our novel cellular platform could be useful for drug screening and the development of brain-permeable pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Geum Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungtae Hwang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Soo Han
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Yoon
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Chatterjee S, Deshpande AA, Shen H. Recent advances in the in vitro and in vivo methods to assess impact of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein transporters in central nervous system drug disposition. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:7-25. [PMID: 36692150 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
One challenge in central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery has been ensuring the blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of compounds at an efficacious concentration that provides suitable safety margins for clinical investigation. Research providing for the accurate prediction of brain penetration of compounds during preclinical discovery is important to a CNS program. In the BBB, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) (ABCG2) transporters have been demonstrated to play a major role in the active efflux of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics out of the brain microvessel cells and back to the systemic circulation. In the past 10 years, there has been significant technological improvement in the sensitivity of quantitative proteomics methods, in vivo imaging, in vitro methods of organoid and microphysiological systems, as well as in silico quantitative physiological based pharmacokinetic and systems pharmacology models. Scientists continually leverage these advancements to interrogate the distribution of compounds in the CNS which may also show signals of substrate specificity of P-gp and/or BCRP. These methods have shown promise toward predicting and quantifying the unbound concentration(s) within the brain relevant for efficacy or safety. In this review, the authors have summarized the in vivo, in vitro, and proteomics advancements toward understanding the contribution of P-gp and/or BCRP in restricting the entry of compounds to the CNS of either healthy or special populations. Special emphasis has been provided on recent investigations on the application of a proteomics-informed approach to predict steady-state drug concentrations in the brain. Moreover, future perspectives regarding the role of these transporters in newer modalities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Chatterjee
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Kastrup, Denmark
| | - Anup Arunrao Deshpande
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Nielsen SSE, Holst MR, Langthaler K, Bruun EH, Brodin B, Nielsen MS. Apicobasal transferrin receptor localization and trafficking in brain capillary endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36624498 PMCID: PMC9830855 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms by which the transferrin receptor (TfR) and associated ligands traffic across brain capillary endothelial cells (BECs) of the CNS-protective blood-brain barrier constitute an important knowledge gap within maintenance and regulation of brain iron homeostasis. This knowledge gap also presents a major obstacle in research aiming to develop strategies for efficient receptor-mediated drug delivery to the brain. While TfR-mediated trafficking from blood to brain have been widely studied, investigation of TfR-mediated trafficking from brain to blood has been limited. In this study we investigated TfR distribution on the apical and basal plasma membranes of BECs using expansion microscopy, enabling sufficient resolution to separate the cellular plasma membranes of these morphological flat cells, and verifying both apical and basal TfR membrane domain localization. Using immunofluorescence-based transcellular transport studies, we delineated endosomal sorting of TfR endocytosed from the apical and basal membrane, respectively, as well as bi-directional TfR transcellular transport capability. The findings indicate different intracellular sorting mechanisms of TfR, depending on the apicobasal trafficking direction across the BBB, with the highest transcytosis capacity in the brain-to-blood direction. These results are of high importance for the current understanding of brain iron homeostasis. Also, the high level of TfR trafficking from the basal to apical membrane of BECs potentially explains the low transcytosis which are observed for the TfR-targeted therapeutics to the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. E. Nielsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel R. Holst
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristine Langthaler
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Helena Bruun
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Birger Brodin
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten S. Nielsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Peng B, Hao S, Tong Z, Bai H, Pan S, Lim KL, Li L, Voelcker NH, Huang W. Blood-brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip: a promising breakthrough in brain disease research. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3579-3602. [PMID: 36004771 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a key challenge in developing brain-penetrating therapeutic molecules. BBB dysfunction is also associated with the onset and progression of various brain diseases. The BBB-on-a-chip (μBBB), an organ-on-chip technology, has emerged as a powerful in vitro platform that closely mimics the human BBB microenvironments. While the μBBB technology has seen wide application in the study of brain cancer, its utility in other brain disease models ("μBBB+") is less appreciated. Based on the advances of the μBBB technology and the evolution of in vitro models for brain diseases over the last decade, we propose the concept of a "μBBB+" system and summarize its major promising applications in pathological studies, personalized medical research, drug development, and multi-organ-on-chip approaches. We believe that such a sophisticated "μBBB+" system is a highly tunable and promising in vitro platform for further advancement of the understanding of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Shiping Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Sijun Pan
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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Dabbagh F, Schroten H, Schwerk C. In Vitro Models of the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier and Their Applications in the Development and Research of (Neuro)Pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081729. [PMID: 36015358 PMCID: PMC9412499 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical research sector has been facing the challenge of neurotherapeutics development and its inherited high-risk and high-failure-rate nature for decades. This hurdle is partly attributable to the presence of brain barriers, considered both as obstacles and opportunities for the entry of drug substances. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB), an under-studied brain barrier site compared to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), can be considered a potential therapeutic target to improve the delivery of CNS therapeutics and provide brain protection measures. Therefore, leveraging robust and authentic in vitro models of the BCSFB can diminish the time and effort spent on unproductive or redundant development activities by a preliminary assessment of the desired physiochemical behavior of an agent toward this barrier. To this end, the current review summarizes the efforts and progresses made to this research area with a notable focus on the attribution of these models and applied techniques to the pharmaceutical sector and the development of neuropharmacological therapeutics and diagnostics. A survey of available in vitro models, with their advantages and limitations and cell lines in hand will be provided, followed by highlighting the potential applications of such models in the (neuro)therapeutics discovery and development pipelines.
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Majerova P, Olesova D, Golisova G, Buralova M, Michalicova A, Vegh J, Piestansky J, Bhide M, Hanes J, Kovac A. Analog of kynurenic acid decreases tau pathology by modulating astrogliosis in rat model for tauopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113257. [PMID: 35714514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenines have immunomodulatory and neuroactive properties and can influence the central nervous system. Previous studies showed the involvement of the kynurenines in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease. In neurodegenerative disorders, including tauopathies, the tryptophan metabolism is shifted toward neurotoxic agents and the reduction of neuroprotectant products. Astrocyte-derived kynurenic acid serves as a neuroprotectant. However, systemic administration of kynurenic acid is not effective because of low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We used a kynurenic acid analog with similar biological activity but higher brain permeability to overcome BBB limitations. In the present study, we used amide derivate of kynurenic acid N-(2-N, N-dimethylaminoethyl)- 4-oxo-1 H-quinoline-2-carboxamid (KYNA-1). We administered KYNA-1 for three months to tau transgenic rats SHR-24 and analyzed the effect on tau pathology and activation of glial cells. Primary glial cell cultures were applied to identify the mechanism of the KYNA-1 effect. KYNA-1 was not toxic to rats after chronic three-month administration. When chronically administered, KYNA-1 reduced hyperphosphorylation of insoluble tau in the brain of transgenic rats. Noteworthily, the plasma total tau was also reduced. We determined that the effect of KYNA-1 on tau pathology was induced through the modulation of glial activation. KYNA-1 inhibited LPS induced activation of astrocytes and induced transformation of microglia to M2 phenotype. We identified that the administration of KYNA-1 reduced tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. KYNA-1 may serve as a promising treatment for tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Greta Golisova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martina Buralova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Michalicova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Vegh
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Hanes
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Modelling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier in Huntington Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147813. [PMID: 35887162 PMCID: PMC9321930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been described in neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD), it is not known if endothelial cells themselves are functionally compromised when promoting BBB dysfunction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunction remain elusive given the limitations with mouse models and post mortem tissue to identify primary deficits. We established models of BBB and undertook a transcriptome and functional analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain-like microvascular endothelial cells (iBMEC) from HD patients or unaffected controls. We demonstrated that HD-iBMECs have abnormalities in barrier properties, as well as in specific BBB functions such as receptor-mediated transcytosis.
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Simonis B, Vignone D, Gonzalez Paz O, Donati E, Falchetti ML, Bombelli C, Cellucci A, Auciello G, Fini I, Galantini L, Syeda RZ, Mazzonna M, Mongiardi MP, Buonocore F, Ceccacci F, Di Marco A, Mancini G. Transport of cationic liposomes in a human blood brain barrier model: Role of the stereochemistry of the gemini amphiphile on liposome biological features. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:283-298. [PMID: 35853406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The positive charge on liposome surface is known to promote the crossing of the Blood brain barrier (BBB). However, when diastereomeric cationic gemini amphiphiles are among lipid membrane components, also the stereochemistry may affect the permeability of the vesicle across the BBB. EXPERIMENTS Liposomes featuring cationic diasteromeric gemini amphiphiles were formulated, characterized, and their interaction with cell culture models of BBB investigated. FINDINGS Liposomes featuring the gemini amphiphiles were internalized in a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) through an energy dependent transport, internalization involving both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. On the same formulations, the permeability was also evaluated across a human derived in vitro BBB transport model. The permeability of liposomes featuring the gemini amphiphiles was significantly higher compared to that of neutral liposomes (DPPC/Cholesterol), that were not able to cross BBB. Most importantly, the permeability was influenced by the stereochemistry of the gemini and pegylation of these formulations did not result in a drastic reduction of the crossing ability. The in vitro iPSC-derived BBB models used in this work represent an important advancement in the drug discovery research of novel brain delivery strategies and therapeutics for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Simonis
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Chimica, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy; CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrica Donati
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d 9, 00020 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Falchetti
- CNR-IBBC, Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 MonterotondoScalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Auciello
- IRBM SpA, via Pontina Km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Ivan Fini
- IRBM SpA, via Pontina Km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Chimica, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Rudaba Zaman Syeda
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Chimica, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d 9, 00020 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Mongiardi
- CNR-IBBC, Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 MonterotondoScalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università della Tuscia (DIBAF), Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Mancini
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d 9, 00020 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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10
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In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Drugs: A Feasibility Study Towards Development of Prediction Methods for Brain Drug Concentration in Humans. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1575-1586. [PMID: 35288803 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vitro human blood-brain barrier (BBB) models in combination with central nervous system-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (CNS-PBPK) modeling, hereafter referred to as the "BBB/PBPK" method, are expected to contribute to prediction of brain drug concentration profiles in humans. As part of our ongoing effort to develop a BBB/PBPK method, we tried to clarify the relationship of in vivo BBB permeability data to those in vitro obtained from a human immortalized cell-based tri-culture BBB model (hiBBB), which we have recently created. METHODS The hiBBB models were developed and functionally characterized as previously described. The in vitro BBB permeabilities (Pe, × 10-6 cm/s) of seventeen compounds were determined by permeability assays, and in vivo BBB permeabilities (QECF) for eight drugs were estimated by CNS-PBPK modeling. The correlation of the Pe values with the QECF values was analyzed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS The hiBBB models showed intercellular barrier properties and several BBB transporter functions, which were enough to provide a wide dynamic range of Pe values from 5.7 ± 0.7 (rhodamine 123) to 2580.4 ± 781.9 (rivastigmine). Furthermore, the in vitro Pe values of the eight drugs showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.96) with their in vivo QECF values estimated from human clinical data. CONCLUSION We show that in vitro human BBB models provide clinically relevant BBB permeability that can be used as input for CNS-PBPK modeling. Therefore, our findings will encourage the development of a BBB/PBPK method as a promising approach for predicting brain drug concentration profiles in humans.
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11
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Salmina AB, Malinovskaya NA, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Uspenskaya YA, Illarioshkin SN. Reproducibility of developmental neuroplasticity in in vitro brain tissue models. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:531-554. [PMID: 34983132 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current prevalence of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke and brain injury stimulates studies aimed to identify new molecular targets, to select the drug candidates, to complete the whole set of preclinical and clinical trials, and to implement new drugs into routine neurological practice. Establishment of protocols based on microfluidics, blood-brain barrier- or neurovascular unit-on-chip, and microphysiological systems allowed improving the barrier characteristics and analyzing the regulation of local microcirculation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Reconstruction of key mechanisms of brain development and even some aspects of experience-driven brain plasticity would be helpful in the establishment of brain in vitro models with the highest degree of reliability. Activity, metabolic status and expression pattern of cells within the models can be effectively assessed with the protocols of system biology, cell imaging, and functional cell analysis. The next generation of in vitro models should demonstrate high scalability, 3D or 4D complexity, possibility to be combined with other tissues or cell types within the microphysiological systems, compatibility with bio-inks or extracellular matrix-like materials, achievement of adequate vascularization, patient-specific characteristics, and opportunity to provide high-content screening. In this review, we will focus on currently available and prospective brain tissue in vitro models suitable for experimental and preclinical studies with the special focus on models enabling 4D reconstruction of brain tissue for the assessment of brain development, brain plasticity, and drug kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla B Salmina
- Laboratory of Experimental Brain Cytology, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia A Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Department of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zheleznyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Yulia A Uspenskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zhelenzyaka str., 1, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sergey N Illarioshkin
- Department of Brain Studies, Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Highway, 80, Moscow 125367, Russia
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12
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Engineered human blood-brain barrier microfluidic model for vascular permeability analyses. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:95-128. [PMID: 34997242 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly restricts the entry of biological and engineered therapeutic molecules into the brain. Due to challenges in translating results from animal models to the clinic, relevant in vitro human BBB models are needed to assess pathophysiological molecular transport mechanisms and enable the design of targeted therapies for neurological disorders. This protocol describes an in vitro model of the human BBB self-assembled within microfluidic devices from stem-cell-derived or primary brain endothelial cells, and primary brain pericytes and astrocytes. This protocol requires 1.5 d for device fabrication, 7 d for device culture and up to 5 d for downstream imaging, protein and gene expression analyses. Methodologies to measure the permeability of any molecule in the BBB model, which take 30 min per device, are also included. Compared with standard 2D assays, the BBB model features relevant cellular organization and morphological characteristics, as well as values of molecular permeability within the range expected in vivo. These properties, coupled with a functional brain endothelial expression profile and the capability to easily test several repeats with low reagent consumption, make this BBB model highly suitable for widespread use in academic and industrial laboratories.
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13
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Latronico T, Rizzi F, Panniello A, Laquintana V, Arduino I, Denora N, Fanizza E, Milella S, Mastroianni CM, Striccoli M, Curri ML, Liuzzi GM, Depalo N. Luminescent PLGA Nanoparticles for Delivery of Darunavir to the Brain and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, a Relevant Therapeutic Target of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4286-4301. [PMID: 34726377 PMCID: PMC9297288 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
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Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can independently replicate
in the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurocognitive impairment
even in subjects with suppressed plasma viral load. The antiretroviral
drug darunavir (DRV) has been approved for therapy of HIV-infected
patients, but its efficacy in the treatment of HIV-associated neurological
disorders (HAND) is limited due to the low penetration through the
blood–brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, innovations in DRV formulations,
based on its encapsulation in optically traceable nanoparticles (NPs),
may improve its transport through the BBB, providing, at the same
time, optical monitoring of drug delivery within the CNS. The aim
of this study was to synthesize biodegradable polymeric NPs loaded
with DRV and luminescent, nontoxic carbon dots (C-Dots) and investigate
their ability to permeate through an artificial BBB and to inhibit in vitro matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that represents
a factor responsible for the development of HIV-related neurological
disorders. Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic)
acid (PLGA)-based nanoformulations resulted characterized by an average
hydrodynamic size less than 150 nm, relevant colloidal stability in
aqueous medium, satisfactory drug encapsulation efficiency, and retained
emitting optical properties in the visible region of the electromagnetic
spectrum. The assay on the BBB artificial model showed that a larger
amount of DRV was able to cross BBB when incorporated in the PLGA
NPs and to exert an enhanced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9
(MMP-9) expression levels with respect to free DRV. The overall results
reveal the great potential of this class of nanovectors of DRV for
an efficacious treatment of HANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Panniello
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy─Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Serafina Milella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio M. Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, AOU Policlinico Umberto 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marinella Striccoli
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia M. Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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14
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Zeng F, Liu Y, Huang W, Qing H, Kadowaki T, Kashiwazaki H, Ni J, Wu Z. Receptor for advanced glycation end products up-regulation in cerebral endothelial cells mediates cerebrovascular-related amyloid β accumulation after Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. J Neurochem 2020; 158:724-736. [PMID: 32441775 PMCID: PMC8451939 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular‐related amyloidogenesis is found in over 80% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, and amyloid β (Aβ) generation is increased in the peripheral macrophages during infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a causal bacterium for periodontitis. In this study, we focused on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the key molecule involves in Aβ influx after P. gingivalis infection to test our hypothesis that Aβ transportation from periphery into the brain, known as “Aβ influx,” is enhanced by P. gingivalis infection. Using cultured hCMEC/D3 cell line, in comparison to uninfected cells, directly infection with P. gingivalis (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 5) significantly increased a time‐dependent RAGE expression resulting in a dramatic increase in Aβ influx in the hCMEC/D3 cells; the P. gingivalis‐up‐regulated RAGE expression was significantly decreased by NF‐κB and Cathepsin B (CatB)‐specific inhibitors, and the P.gingivalis‐increased IκBα degradation was significantly decreased by CatB‐specific inhibitor. Furthermore, the P. gingivalis‐increased Aβ influx was significantly reduced by RAGE‐specific inhibitor. Using 15‐month‐old mice (C57BL/6JJmsSlc, female), in comparison to non‐infection mice, systemic P. gingivalis infection for three consecutive weeks (1 × 108 CFU/mouse, every 3 days, intraperitoneally) significantly increased the RAGE expression in the CD31‐positive endothelial cells and the Aβ loads around the CD31‐positive cells in the mice's brains. The RAGE expression in the CD31‐positive cells was positively correlated with the Aβ loads. These observations demonstrate that the up‐regulated RAGE expression in cerebral endothelial cells mediates the Aβ influx after P. gingivalis infection, and CatB plays a critical role in regulating the NF‐κB/RAGE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zeng
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yicong Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyi Huang
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Division of Frontier Life Science, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kashiwazaki
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Science, OBT Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Achour B, Al-Majdoub ZM, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Barber J. Mass Spectrometry of Human Transporters. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:223-247. [PMID: 32084322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091719-024553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transporters are key to understanding how an individual will respond to a particular dose of a drug. Two patients with similar systemic concentrations may have quite different local concentrations of a drug at the required site. The transporter profile of any individual depends upon a variety of genetic and environmental factors, including genotype, age, and diet status. Robust models (virtual patients) are therefore required and these models are data hungry. Necessary data include quantitative transporter profiles at the relevant organ. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is currently the most powerful method available for obtaining this information. Challenges include sourcing the tissue, isolating the hydrophobic membrane-embedded transporter proteins, preparing the samples for MS (including proteolytic digestion), choosing appropriate quantification methodology, and optimizing the LC-MS/MS conditions. Great progress has been made with all of these, especially within the last few years, and is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
- Certara, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
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16
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Zeng F, Liu Y, Huang W, Qing H, Kadowaki T, Kashiwazaki H, Ni J, Wu Z. Receptor for advanced glycation end products up-regulation in cerebral endothelial cells mediates cerebrovascular-related amyloid β accumulation after Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. J Neurochem 2020. [PMID: 32441775 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular-related amyloidogenesis is found in over 80% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, and amyloid β (Aβ) generation is increased in the peripheral macrophages during infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a causal bacterium for periodontitis. In this study, we focused on receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), the key molecule involves in Aβ influx after P. gingivalis infection to test our hypothesis that Aβ transportation from periphery into the brain, known as "Aβ influx," is enhanced by P. gingivalis infection. Using cultured hCMEC/D3 cell line, in comparison to uninfected cells, directly infection with P. gingivalis (multiplicity of infection, MOI = 5) significantly increased a time-dependent RAGE expression resulting in a dramatic increase in Aβ influx in the hCMEC/D3 cells; the P. gingivalis-up-regulated RAGE expression was significantly decreased by NF-κB and Cathepsin B (CatB)-specific inhibitors, and the P.gingivalis-increased IκBα degradation was significantly decreased by CatB-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, the P. gingivalis-increased Aβ influx was significantly reduced by RAGE-specific inhibitor. Using 15-month-old mice (C57BL/6JJmsSlc, female), in comparison to non-infection mice, systemic P. gingivalis infection for three consecutive weeks (1 × 108 CFU/mouse, every 3 days, intraperitoneally) significantly increased the RAGE expression in the CD31-positive endothelial cells and the Aβ loads around the CD31-positive cells in the mice's brains. The RAGE expression in the CD31-positive cells was positively correlated with the Aβ loads. These observations demonstrate that the up-regulated RAGE expression in cerebral endothelial cells mediates the Aβ influx after P. gingivalis infection, and CatB plays a critical role in regulating the NF-κB/RAGE expression. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zeng
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yicong Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyi Huang
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Division of Frontier Life Science, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kashiwazaki
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Dental Science, OBT Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Establishment of an in Vitro Human Blood-Brain Barrier Model Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Comparison to a Porcine Cell-Based System. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040994. [PMID: 32316221 PMCID: PMC7226989 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for the homeostasis between the cerebral vasculature and the brain and it has a key role in regulating the influx and efflux of substances, in healthy and diseased states. Stem cell technology offers the opportunity to use human brain-specific cells to establish in vitro BBB models. Here, we describe the establishment of a human BBB model in a two-dimensional monolayer culture, derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This model was characterized by a transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) higher than 2000 Ω∙cm2 and associated with negligible paracellular transport. The hiPSC-derived BBB model maintained the functionality of major endothelial transporter proteins and receptors. Some proprietary molecules from our central nervous system (CNS) programs were evaluated revealing comparable permeability in the human model and in the model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs).
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