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Selvaraj SP, Chen JY. Conjugation of antimicrobial peptides to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115680. [PMID: 37515922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has brought with it a continual increase in the numbers of deaths from multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Since the current arsenal of antibiotics has become increasingly ineffective, there exists an urgent need for discovery and development of novel antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered to be a promising class of molecules due to their broad-spectrum activities and low resistance rates compared with other types of antibiotics. Since AMPs also often play major roles in elevating the host immune response, the molecules may also be called "host defense peptides." Despite the great promise of AMPs, the majority remain unsuitable for clinical use due to issues of structural instability, degradation by proteases, and/or toxicity to host cells. Moreover, AMP activities in vivo can be influenced by many factors, such as interaction with blood and serum biomolecules, physiological salt concentrations or different pH values. To overcome these limitations, structural modifications can be made to the AMP. Among several modifications, physical and chemical conjugation of AMP to other biomolecules is widely considered an effective strategy. In this review, we discuss structural modification strategies related to conjugation of AMPs and their possible effects on mode of action. The conjugation of fatty acids, glycans, antibiotics, photosensitizers, polymers, nucleic acids, nanoparticles, and immobilization to biomaterials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Prasad Selvaraj
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Science Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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2
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Skrzyniarz K, Kuc-Ciepluch D, Lasak M, Arabski M, Sanchez-Nieves J, Ciepluch K. Dendritic systems for bacterial outer membrane disruption as a method of overcoming bacterial multidrug resistance. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6421-6435. [PMID: 37605901 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01255g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise of multi-drug resistant microorganisms has increased the need for new approaches through the development of innovative agents that are capable of attaching to the outer layers of bacteria and causing permanent damage by penetrating the bacterial outer membrane. The permeability (disruption) of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is now considered to be one of the main ways to overcome multidrug resistance in bacteria. Natural and synthetic permeabilizers such as AMPs and dendritic systems seem promising. However, due to their advantages in terms of biocompatibility, antimicrobial capacity, and wide possibilities for modification and synthesis, highly branched polymers and dendritic systems have gained much more interest in recent years. Various forms of arrangement, and structure of the skeleton, give dendritic systems versatile applications, especially the possibility of attaching other ligands to their surface. This review will focus on the mechanisms used by different types of dendritic polymers, and their complexes with macromolecules to enhance their antimicrobial effect, and to permeabilize the bacterial outer membrane. In addition, future challenges and potential prospects are illustrated in the hope of accelerating the advancement of nanomedicine in the fight against resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skrzyniarz
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Lasak
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Michał Arabski
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Javier Sanchez-Nieves
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR, UAH), Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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3
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Kisakova LA, Apartsin EK, Nizolenko LF, Karpenko LI. Dendrimer-Mediated Delivery of DNA and RNA Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041106. [PMID: 37111593 PMCID: PMC10145063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA and RNA vaccines (nucleic acid-based vaccines) are a promising platform for vaccine development. The first mRNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech) were approved in 2020, and a DNA vaccine (Zydus Cadila, India), in 2021. They display unique benefits in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Nucleic acid-based vaccines have a number of advantages, such as safety, efficacy, and low cost. They are potentially faster to develop, cheaper to produce, and easier to store and transport. A crucial step in the technology of DNA or RNA vaccines is choosing an efficient delivery method. Nucleic acid delivery using liposomes is the most popular approach today, but this method has certain disadvantages. Therefore, studies are actively underway to develop various alternative delivery methods, among which synthetic cationic polymers such as dendrimers are very attractive. Dendrimers are three-dimensional nanostructures with a high degree of molecular homogeneity, adjustable size, multivalence, high surface functionality, and high aqueous solubility. The biosafety of some dendrimers has been evaluated in several clinical trials presented in this review. Due to these important and attractive properties, dendrimers are already being used to deliver a number of drugs and are being explored as promising carriers for nucleic acid-based vaccines. This review summarizes the literature data on the development of dendrimer-based delivery systems for DNA and mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov A. Kisakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- CBMN, UMR 5248, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, University Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Lily F. Nizolenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Kol’tsovo, Russia
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Skrzyniarz K, Sanchez-Nieves J, de la Mata FJ, Łysek-Gładysińska M, Lach K, Ciepluch K. Mechanistic insight of lysozyme transport through the outer bacteria membrane with dendronized silver nanoparticles for peptidoglycan degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124239. [PMID: 36996956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become a global problem, prompting the entire scientific world to seek alternative methods of dealing with resistant pathogens. Among the many alternatives to antibiotics, two appear to be the most promising: membrane permeabilizers and enzymes that destroy bacterial cell walls. Therefore, in this study, we provide insight into the mechanism of lysozyme transport strategies using two types of carbosilane dendronized silver nanoparticles (DendAgNPs), non-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified (DendAgNPs) and PEGylated (PEG-DendAgNPs), for outer membrane permeabilization and peptidoglycan degradation. Remarkably, studies have shown that DendAgNPs can build up on the surface of a bacterial cell, destroying the outer membrane, and thereby allowing lysozymes to penetrate inside the bacteria and destroy the cell wall. PEG-DendAgNPs, on the other hand, have a completely different mechanism of action. PEG chains containing a complex lysozyme resulted in bacterial aggregation and an increase in the local enzyme concentration near the bacterial membrane, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth. This is due to the accumulation of the enzyme in one place on the surface of the bacteria and penetration into it through slight damage of the membrane due to interactions of NPs with the membrane. The results of this study will help propel more effective antimicrobial protein nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Skrzyniarz
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Javier Sanchez-Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karolina Lach
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
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de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Cano J, Sánchez‐Nieves J, Ortega P, Gallego SG. Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1871. [PMID: 36417901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez‐Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra García Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
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Revilla-Guarinos A, Popp PF, Dürr F, Lozano-Cruz T, Hartig J, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Mascher T. Synthesis and mechanism-of-action of a novel synthetic antibiotic based on a dendritic system with bow-tie topology. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912536. [PMID: 36090105 PMCID: PMC9459136 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of the last decades, the continuous exposure of bacteria to antibiotics-at least in parts due to misprescription, misuse, and misdosing-has led to the widespread development of antimicrobial resistances. This development poses a threat to the available medication in losing their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. On the drug development side, only minor advances have been made to bring forward novel therapeutics. In addition to increasing the efforts and approaches of tapping the natural sources of new antibiotics, synthetic approaches to developing novel antimicrobials are being pursued. In this study, BDTL049 was rationally designed using knowledge based on the properties of natural antibiotics. BDTL049 is a carbosilane dendritic system with bow-tie type topology, which has antimicrobial activity at concentrations comparable to clinically established natural antibiotics. In this report, we describe its mechanism of action on the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. Exposure to BDTL049 resulted in a complex transcriptional response, which pointed toward disturbance of the cell envelope homeostasis accompanied by disruption of other central cellular processes of bacterial metabolism as the primary targets of BDTL049 treatment. By applying a combination of whole-cell biosensors, molecular staining, and voltage sensitive dyes, we demonstrate that the mode of action of BDTL049 comprises membrane depolarization concomitant with pore formation. As a result, this new molecule kills Gram-positive bacteria within minutes. Since BDTL049 attacks bacterial cells at different targets simultaneously, this might decrease the chances for the development of bacterial resistances, thereby making it a promising candidate for a future antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp F. Popp
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Dürr
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tania Lozano-Cruz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Hartig
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Dhumal D, Maron B, Malach E, Lyu Z, Ding L, Marson D, Laurini E, Tintaru A, Ralahy B, Giorgio S, Pricl S, Hayouka Z, Peng L. Dynamic self-assembling supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems as potent antibacterial candidates against drug-resistant bacteria and biofilms. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9286-9296. [PMID: 35649277 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The alarming and prevailing antibiotic resistance crisis urgently calls for innovative "outside of the box" antibacterial agents, which can differ substantially from conventional antibiotics. In this context, we have established antibacterial candidates based on dynamic supramolecular dendrimer nanosystems self-assembled with amphiphilic dendrimers composed of a long hydrophobic alkyl chain and a small hydrophilic poly(amidoamine) dendron bearing distinct terminal functionalities. Remarkably, the amphiphilic dendrimer with amine terminals exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative as well as drug-resistant bacteria, and prevented biofilm formation. Multidisciplinary studies combining experimental approaches and computer modelling together demonstrate that the dendrimer interacts and binds via electrostatic interactions with the bacterial membrane, where it becomes enriched and then dynamically self-assembles into supramolecular nanoassemblies for stronger and multivalent interactions. These, in turn, rapidly promote the insertion of the hydrophobic dendrimer tail into the bacterial membrane thereby inducing bacterial cell lysis and constituting powerful antibacterial activity. Our study presents a novel concept for creating nanotechnology-based antibacterial candidates via dynamic self-assembly and offers a new perspective for combatting recalcitrant bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Dhumal
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Bar Maron
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Einav Malach
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Zhenbin Lyu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Ling Ding
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aura Tintaru
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Brigino Ralahy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Suzanne Giorgio
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), UMR 7325, Equipe Labelisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
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8
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Maleki Dizaj S, Salatin S, Khezri K, Lee JY, Lotfipour F. Targeting Multidrug Resistance With Antimicrobial Peptide-Decorated Nanoparticles and Polymers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831655. [PMID: 35432230 PMCID: PMC9009044 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
As a category of small peptides frequently found in nature, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a major part of the innate immune system of various organisms. Antimicrobial peptides feature various inhibitory effects against fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Due to the increasing concerns of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms, development of antimicrobial peptides is an emerging tool as a favorable applicability prospect in food, medicine, aquaculture, animal husbandry, and agriculture. This review presents the latest research progress made in the field of antimicrobial peptides, such as their mechanism of action, classification, application status, design techniques, and a review on decoration of nanoparticles and polymers with AMPs that are used in treating multidrug resistance. Lastly, we will highlight recent progress in antiviral peptides to treat emerging viral diseases (e.g., anti-coronavirus peptides) and discuss the outlook of AMP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Salatin
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Deputy of Food and Drug Administration, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Lotfipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Bątal M, Arkhipova V, Knauer N, Sánchez-Nieves J, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Apartsin E, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Triazine–Carbosilane Dendrimersomes Enhance Cellular Uptake and Phototoxic Activity of Rose Bengal in Basal Cell Skin Carcinoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:1139-1154. [PMID: 35321027 PMCID: PMC8935628 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s352349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search for new formulations for photodynamic therapy is intended to improve the outcome of skin cancer treatment using significantly reduced doses of photosensitizer, thereby avoiding side effects. The incorporation of photosensitizers into nanoassemblies is a versatile way to increase the efficiency and specificity of drug delivery into target cells. Herein, we report the loading of rose bengal into vesicle-like constructs of amphiphilic triazine-carbosilane dendrons (dendrimersomes) as well as biophysical and in vitro characterization of this novel nanosystem. Methods Using established protocol and analytical and spectroscopy techniques we were able to synthesized dendrons with strictly designed properties. Engaging biophysical methods (hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential measurements, analysis of spectral properties, transmission electron microscopy) we confirmed assembling of our nanosystem. A set of in vitro techniques was used for determination ROS generation, (ABDA and H2DCFDA probes), cell viability (MTT assay) and cellular uptake (flow cytometry and confocal microscopy). Results Encapsulation of rose bengal inside dendrimersomes enhances cellular uptake, intracellular ROS production and concequently, the phototoxicity of this photosensitizer. Conclusion Triazine-carbosilane dendrimersomes show high capacity as drug carriers for anticancer photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mateusz Bątal
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
| | - Valeria Arkhipova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Knauer
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, UAH-IQAR, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Fco Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, UAH-IQAR, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, UAH-IQAR, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Evgeny Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-236, Poland
- Correspondence: Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz, Department of General Biophysics, Pomorska 141/143, Łódź, 90-236, Poland, Tel +48 42 635 44 29, Fax +48 42 635 4474, Email
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10
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Cruz-Hernández C, López-Méndez LJ, Guadarrama P. Dendronization: A practical strategy to improve the performance of molecular systems used in biomedical applications. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:113988. [PMID: 34801269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is an emerging area that largely influences the efficacy of various therapies through the rational design of new materials exhibiting more targeted behavior. The synthetic effort, the amount of used material, and the cost are critical parameters to bear in mind if the production of the designed material is intended to be scaled for their widespread use. Even though materials science offers diverse options for different types of therapies, it is a difficult task to meet all the parameters mentioned above. The dendronization appears as an insightful approach to incorporate all the known benefits of the dendritic architecture by the attachment of dendrons to therapeutic agents, but in a much more affordable manner in terms of synthetic effort, amount of material, and cost. As will be presented, the most common dendrons used for biomedical applications are polyamide, polyester, carbosilane, polyether, and glycol-type, which are bonded to biological active molecules (BAMs), or molecular nanoplatforms (MPs) by hydrolysable bonds. Also relevant is the fact that the incorporation of dendrons not larger than third generation (G3) is sufficient to improve essential properties of these molecular systems, such as aqueous solubility, stability, and cellular internalization, among others. The type of dendron and its location on the BAMs or MPs, similar to placing a Lego piece on a model, will be decisive for obtaining the desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luis José López-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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11
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Ferrer-Lorente R, Lozano-Cruz T, Fernández-Carasa I, Miłowska K, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M, Consiglio A, Ortega P, Gómez R, Raya A. Cationic Carbosilane Dendrimers Prevent Abnormal α-Synuclein Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease Patient-Specific Dopamine Neurons. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4582-4591. [PMID: 34613701 PMCID: PMC8906628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Accumulation
of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) is a
hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) thought to play important
roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. Dendritic systems, able
to modulate the folding of proteins, have emerged as promising new
therapeutic strategies for PD treatment. Dendrimers have been shown
to be effective at inhibiting α-syn aggregation in cell-free
systems and in cell lines. Here, we set out to investigate the effects
of dendrimers on endogenous α-syn accumulation in disease-relevant
cell types from PD patients. For this purpose, we chose cationic carbosilane
dendrimers of bow-tie topology based on their performance at inhibiting
α-syn aggregation in vitro. Dopamine neurons
were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines
generated from PD patients carrying the LRRK2G2019S mutation, which reportedly display
abnormal accumulation of α-syn, and from healthy individuals
as controls. Treatment of PD dopamine neurons with non-cytotoxic concentrations
of dendrimers was effective at preventing abnormal accumulation and
aggregation of α-syn. Our results in a genuinely human experimental
model of PD highlight the therapeutic potential of dendritic systems
and open the way to developing safe and efficient therapies for delaying
or even halting PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferrer-Lorente
- Regenerative Medicine Program, and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia─P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge─IDIBELL, Barcelona 08907, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Tania Lozano-Cruz
- University of Alcalá, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Carasa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge─IDIBELL, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge─IDIBELL, Barcelona 08907, Spain.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25121, Italy
| | - Paula Ortega
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, and Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia─P-CMR[C], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge─IDIBELL, Barcelona 08907, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08907, Spain
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12
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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13
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Nano-vehicles give new lease of life to existing antimicrobials. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:555-566. [PMID: 33258900 PMCID: PMC7752037 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the greatest challenges for modern medicine, and new approaches for the treatment of bacterial infections are urgently needed to avoid widespread vulnerability again to infections that have so far been easily treatable with existing drugs. Among the many approaches investigated to overcome this challenge is the use of engineered nanostructures for the precise and targeted delivery of existing antimicrobial agents in a fashion that will potentiate their effect. This idea leans on lessons learned from pioneering research in cancer, where the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs to mammalian cells has been a topic for some time. In particular, new research has demonstrated that nanomaterials can be functionalised with active antimicrobials and, in some cases, with targeting molecules that potentiate the efficiency of the antimicrobials. In this mini-review, we summarise results that demonstrate the potential for nanoparticles, dendrimers and DNA nanostructures for use in antimicrobial delivery. We consider material aspects of the delivery vehicles and ways in which they can be functionalised with antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, and we review evidence for their efficacy to kill bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these materials and highlight the benefits of DNA nanostructures specifically for their versatile potential in the present context.
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14
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Nanodelivery Systems for Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080990. [PMID: 34439040 PMCID: PMC8388958 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be used as alternative therapeutic agents to traditional antibiotics. These peptides have abundant natural template sources and can be isolated from animals, plants, and microorganisms. They are amphiphilic and mostly net positively charged, and they have a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on bacteria, fungi, and viruses. AMPs possess significant rapid killing effects and do not interact with specific receptors on bacterial surfaces. As a result, drug resistance is rarely observed with treatments. AMPs, however, have some operational problems, such as a susceptibility to enzymatic (protease) degradation, toxicity in vivo, and unclear pharmacokinetics. However, nanodelivery systems loaded with AMPs provide a safe mechanism of packaging such peptides before they exert their antimicrobial actions, facilitate targeted delivery to the sites of infection, and control the release rate of peptides and reduce their toxic side effects. However, nanodelivery systems using AMPs are at an early stage of development and are still in the laboratory phase of development. There are also some challenges in incorporating AMPs into nanodelivery systems. Herein, an insight into the nanotechnology challenges in delivering AMPs, current advances, and remaining technological challenges are discussed in depth.
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15
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Effect of the Combination of Levofloxacin with Cationic Carbosilane Dendron and Peptide in the Prevention and Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132127. [PMID: 34209475 PMCID: PMC8271537 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related infections, persistent in conventional antimicrobial treatment, are continuously increasing and represent a major health problem worldwide. Therefore, the development of new effective treatments to prevent and treat biofilm-related infections represents a crucial challenge. Unfortunately, the extensive use of antibiotics has led to an increase of resistant bacteria with the subsequent loss of effectivity of commercial antibiotics, mainly due to antibiotic resistance and the ability of some bacteria to form microbial communities in biotic or abiotic surfaces (biofilms). In some cases, these biofilms are resistant to high concentrations of antibiotics that lead to treatment failure and recurrence of the associated infections. In the fight against microbial resistance, the combination of traditional antibiotics with new compounds (combination therapy) is an alternative that is becoming more extensive in the medical field. In this work, we studied the cooperative effects between levofloxacin, an approved antibiotic, and peptides or cationic dendritic molecules, compounds that are emerging as a feasible solution to overcome the problem of microbial resistance caused by pathogenic biofilms. We studied a new therapeutic approach that involves the use of levofloxacin in combination with a cationic carbosilane dendron, called MalG2(SNHMe2Cl)4, or a synthetic cell-penetrating peptide, called gH625, conjugated to the aforementioned dendron. To carry out the study, we used two combinations (1) levofloxacin/dendron and (2) levofloxacin/dendron-peptide nanoconjugate. The results showed the synergistic effect of the combination therapy to treat Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. In addition, we generated a fluorescein labeled peptide that allowed us to observe the conjugate (dendron-peptide) localization throughout the bacterial biofilm by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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16
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Yan Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Niu Y, Zhang S, Xu W, Ren C. Advances of peptides for antibacterial applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 202:111682. [PMID: 33714188 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, peptide antibacterial products with unique antibacterial mechanisms have attracted widespread interest. They can effectively reduce the probability of drug resistance of bacteria and are biocompatible, so they possess tremendous development prospects. This review provides recent research and analysis on the basic types of antimicrobial peptides (including poly (amino acid)s, short AMPs, and lipopeptides) and factors to optimize antimicrobial effects. It also summarizes the two most important modes of action of antimicrobial peptides and the latest developments in the application of AMPs, including antimicrobial agent, wound healing, preservative, antibacterial coating and others. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges to improve the antibacterial peptides and propose prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yuanze Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yuzhong Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, 264000, China.
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17
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Thota C, Mikolajczak DJ, Roth C, Koksch B. Enhancing Antimicrobial Peptide Potency through Multivalent Presentation on Coiled-Coil Nanofibrils. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:67-73. [PMID: 33488966 PMCID: PMC7812673 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microbes have become a global health threat. New delivery systems that enhance the efficacy of antibiotics and/or overcome the resistances can help combat them. In this context, we present FF03, a fibril-forming α-helical coiled-coil peptide that functions as an efficient scaffold for the multivalent presentation of the weakly cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) IN4. The resulting IN4-decorated FF03 coiled-coil fibrils (FF03 + IN4) are nonhemolytic and noncytotoxic and show enhanced antimicrobial activity relative to unconjugated IN4 and standard antibiotics against several bacterial strains. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that FF03 + IN4 nanofibers disrupt methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus membranes, indicating a surface-level mode of action. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy and circular dichroism studies indicate that decoration of the FF03 scaffold with IN4 does not alter the secondary-structure propensity or fibril-forming properties of FF03. Thus, the approach reported herein provides a new peptidic scaffold for the multivalent presentation of AMPs to obtain nonhemolytic and noncytotoxic antimicrobial systems with improved efficacy relative to the unconjugated AMP analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya
Kumar Thota
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorian J. Mikolajczak
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Roth
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Falanga A, Del Genio V, Galdiero S. Peptides and Dendrimers: How to Combat Viral and Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:101. [PMID: 33466852 PMCID: PMC7830367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming growth of antimicrobial resistance and recent viral pandemic events have enhanced the need for novel approaches through innovative agents that are mainly able to attach to the external layers of bacteria and viruses, causing permanent damage. Antimicrobial molecules are potent broad-spectrum agents with a high potential as novel therapeutics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides, cell penetrating peptides, and antiviral peptides play a major role, and have been suggested as promising solutions. Furthermore, dendrimers are to be considered as suitable macromolecules for the development of advanced nanosystems that are able to complement the typical properties of dendrimers with those of peptides. This review focuses on the description of nanoplatforms constructed with peptides and dendrimers, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via dell’Università 100, 80100 Portici, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Genio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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19
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Alfei S, Schito AM. From Nanobiotechnology, Positively Charged Biomimetic Dendrimers as Novel Antibacterial Agents: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2022. [PMID: 33066468 PMCID: PMC7602242 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance, based on the built-in abilities of bacteria to nullify the activity of current antibiotics, leaves a growing number of bacterial infections untreatable. An appealing approach, advanced in recent decades, concerns the development of novel agents able to interact with the external layers of bacteria, causing irreparable damage. Regarding this, some natural cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) have been reconsidered, and synthetic cationic polymers, mimicking CAMPs and able to kill bacteria by non-specific detrimental interaction with the negative bacterial membranes, have been proposed as promising solutions. Lately, also dendrimers were considered suitable macromolecules for the preparation of more advanced cationic biomimetic nanoparticles, able to harmonize the typical properties of dendrimers, including nanosize, mono-dispersion, long-term stability, high functionality, and the non-specific mechanism of action of CAMPs. Although cationic dendrimers are extensively applied in nanomedicine for drug or gene delivery, their application as antimicrobial agents is still in its infancy. The state of the art of their potential applications in this important field has therefore been reviewed here, with particular attention to the innovative case studies in the literature including also amino acid-modified polyester-based dendrimers, practically unexplored as membrane-active antimicrobials and able to kill bacteria on contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
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20
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Heredero-Bermejo I, Gómez-Casanova N, Quintana S, Soliveri J, de la Mata FJ, Pérez-Serrano J, Sánchez-Nieves J, Copa-Patiño JL. In Vitro Activity of Carbosilane Cationic Dendritic Molecules on Prevention and Treatment of Candida Albicans Biofilms. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100918. [PMID: 32992733 PMCID: PMC7601597 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are one of the most common fungal pathogens. Biofilms formed by Candidaalbicans offer resistance mechanisms against most antifungal agents. Therefore, development of new molecules effective against these microorganisms, alone or in combination with antifungal drugs, is extremely necessary. In the present work, we carried out a screening process of different cationic carbosilane dendritic molecules against C. albicans. In vitro activity against biofilm formation and biofilms was tested in both Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (CECT) 1002 and clinical C. albicans strains. Cytotoxicity was studied in human cell lines, and biofilm alterations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Antifungal activity of the carbosilane dendritic molecules was assessed by monitoring cell viability using both established and novel cell viability assays. One out of 14 dendritic molecules tested, named BDSQ024, showed the highest activity with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) for biofilm formation and a minimum biofilm damaging concentration (MBDC) for existing biofilm of 16–32 and 16 mg/L, respectively. Synergy with amphotericin (AmB) and caspofungin (CSF) at non-cytotoxic concentrations was found. Therefore, dendritic compounds are exciting new antifungals effective at preventing Candida biofilm formation and represent a potential novel therapeutic agent for treatment of C. albicans infection in combination with existing clinical antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Heredero-Bermejo
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.S.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-918854745
| | - Natalia Gómez-Casanova
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.S.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Sara Quintana
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (S.Q.); (F.J.d.l.M.); (J.S.-N.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Soliveri
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.S.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (S.Q.); (F.J.d.l.M.); (J.S.-N.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Serrano
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.S.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (S.Q.); (F.J.d.l.M.); (J.S.-N.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Copa-Patiño
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (N.G.-C.); (J.S.); (J.P.-S.); (J.L.C.-P.)
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21
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pH-Sensitive Dendrimersomes of Hybrid Triazine-Carbosilane Dendritic Amphiphiles-Smart Vehicles for Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101899. [PMID: 32977594 PMCID: PMC7598245 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular constructions of amphiphilic dendritic molecules are promising vehicles for anti-cancer drug delivery due to the flexibility of their architecture, high drug loading capacity and avoiding off-target effects of a drug. Herein, we report a new class of amphiphilic dendritic species—triazine-carbosilane dendrons readily self-assembling into pH-sensitive dendrimersomes. The dendrimersomes efficiently encapsulate anticancer drugs doxorubicin and methotrexate. Chemodrug-loaded dendrimersomes have dose-related cytotoxic activity against leukaemia cell lines 1301 and K562. Our findings suggest that triazine-carbosilane dendrimersomes are prospective drug carriers for anti-cancer therapy.
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Svenningsen SW, Frederiksen RF, Counil C, Ficker M, Leisner JJ, Christensen JB. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of a Ciprofloxacin and PAMAM-dendrimer Conjugate. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061389. [PMID: 32197523 PMCID: PMC7146445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics are an increasing problem. Multivalent antibiotics could be a solution. In the present study, a covalent conjugate between Ciprofloxacin and a G0-PAMAM dendrimer has been synthesized and tested against clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The conjugate has antimicrobial activity and there is a positive dendritic effect compared to Ciprofloxacin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Wedel Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.W.S.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Rikki Franklin Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Food Safety and Zoonoses, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (R.F.F.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Claire Counil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.W.S.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Mario Ficker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.W.S.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Jørgen J. Leisner
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Food Safety and Zoonoses, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (R.F.F.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Jørn Bolstad Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (S.W.S.); (C.C.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3533-2452
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Martin-Serrano Á, Gómez R, Ortega P, de la Mata FJ. Nanosystems as Vehicles for the Delivery of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs). Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E448. [PMID: 31480680 PMCID: PMC6781550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs), are attracting great interest, as they are a highly viable alternative in the search of new approaches to the resistance presented by bacteria against antibiotics in infectious diseases. However, due to their nature, they present a series of disadvantages such as low bioavailability, easy degradability by proteases, or low solubility, among others, which limits their use as antimicrobial agents. For all these reasons, the use of vehicles for the delivery of AMPs, such as polymers, nanoparticles, micelles, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, and other types of systems, allows the use of AMPs as a real alternative to treatment with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martin-Serrano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. Del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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