1
|
Jiang J, Tang J, Bai T, Wu Y, Qin J, Xia W, Chen R, Yan A, Wang S, Tian M, Du H. Thermal Stability of Skyrmion Tubes in Nanostructured Cuboids. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1587-1593. [PMID: 38259044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions in bulk materials are typically regarded as two-dimensional structures. However, they also exhibit three-dimensional configurations, known as skyrmion tubes, that elongate and extend in-depth. Understanding the configurations and stabilization mechanism of skyrmion tubes is crucial for the development of advanced spintronic devices. However, the generation and annihilation of skyrmion tubes in confined geometries are still rarely reported. Here, we present direct imaging of skyrmion tubes in nanostructured cuboids of a chiral magnet FeGe using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while applying an in-plane magnetic field. It is observed that skyrmion tubes stabilize in a narrow field-temperature region near the Curie temperature (Tc). Through a field cooling process, metastable skyrmion tubes can exist in a larger region of the field-temperature diagram. Combining these experimental findings with micromagnetic simulations, we attribute these phenomena to energy differences and thermal fluctuations. Our results could promote topological spintronic devices based on skyrmion tubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jin Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tian Bai
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jiazhuan Qin
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Weixing Xia
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Aru Yan
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim TH, Zhao H, Ong PV, Jensen BA, Cui B, King AH, Ke L, Zhou L. Kinetics of Magnetic Skyrmion Crystal Formation from the Conical Phase. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5547-5554. [PMID: 34185540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The particle-like magnetic skyrmion or skyrmion lattice (SkX) formation has promoted strong application and fundamental science interests. Despite extensive research, the kinetic of the SkX development is much less understood because of the ultrafast spin rotation and high sensitivity to external perturbations. Here, using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we successfully measured the dynamics of SkX formation from the conical phase with precise control of both the temperature and the magnetic field. We discovered that the Avrami equation can accurately describe the transition process with an initial Avrami constant around 1, suggesting that the rate-limiting step for the quasiparticle lattice formation is one-dimensional heterogeneous nucleation of individual skyrmions. A modified Arrhenius rate law is established, with an energy barrier that has a square-root dependence on temperature and a quadratic dependence on the magnetic field. This study paves the way toward precise and predictable manipulation of topological spin structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Haijun Zhao
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Phuong-Vu Ong
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brandt A Jensen
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Baozhi Cui
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alexander H King
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Liqin Ke
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nagase T, So YG, Yasui H, Ishida T, Yoshida HK, Tanaka Y, Saitoh K, Ikarashi N, Kawaguchi Y, Kuwahara M, Nagao M. Observation of domain wall bimerons in chiral magnets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3490. [PMID: 34108478 PMCID: PMC8190141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological defects embedded in or combined with domain walls have been proposed in various systems, some of which are referred to as domain wall skyrmions or domain wall bimerons. However, the experimental observation of such topological defects remains an ongoing challenge. Here, using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we report the experimental discovery of domain wall bimerons in chiral magnet Co-Zn-Mn(110) thin films. By applying a magnetic field, multidomain structures develop, and simultaneously, chained or isolated bimerons arise as the localized state between the domains with the opposite in-plane components of net magnetization. The multidomain formation is attributed to magnetic anisotropy and dipolar interaction, and domain wall bimerons are stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. In addition, micromagnetic simulations show that domain wall bimerons appear for a wide range of conditions in chiral magnets with cubic magnetic anisotropy. Our results promote further study in various fields of physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nagase
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yeong-Gi So
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Hayata Yasui
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki K Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukio Tanaka
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koh Saitoh
- Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ikarashi
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Integrated Research of Future Electronics, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawaguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Advanced Measurement Technology Center, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Nagao
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Center for Integrated Research of Future Electronics, Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|