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Wang H, Zhu X, Zhao Z, Wang X, Qian Z, Jiao L, Wang K, Li Y, Qi JJ, Asif M, Zheng Q, Xie L. In Situ Imaging of Two-Dimensional Crystal Growth Using a Heat-Resistant Optical Microscope. Nano Lett 2024. [PMID: 38619556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Revealing low-dimensional material growth dynamics is critical for crystal growth engineering. However, in a practical high-temperature growth system, the crystal growth process is a black box because of the lack of heat-resistant imaging tools. Here, we develop a heat-resistant optical microscope and embed it in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system to investigate two-dimensional (2D) crystal growth dynamics. This in situ optical imaging CVD system can tolerate temperatures of ≤900 °C with a spatial resolution of ∼1 μm. The growth of monolayer MoS2 crystals was studied as a model for 2D crystal growth. The nucleation and growth process have been imaged. Model analysis and simulation have revealed the growth rate, diffusion coefficient, and spatial distribution of the precursor. More importantly, a new vertex-kink-ledge model has been suggested for monolayer crystal growth. This work provides a new technique for in situ microscopic imaging at high temperatures and fundamental insight into 2D crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ziyue Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liying Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun-Jie Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liming Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Sharma N, Gautam SK, Adhikari A, Bhakta Neupane B. Himalayan lichen biomass for green synthesis of silver nanocolloids: growth kinetics, effect of pH and metal sensing. R Soc Open Sci 2024; 11:231633. [PMID: 38455993 PMCID: PMC10915538 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lichen is one of the most abundant non-vascular biomasses; however, a systematic study on the application of biomass in nanomaterial synthesis is very limited. In this study, an aqueous lichen extract was obtained from Hypotrachyna cirrhata, one of the most abundant Himalayan lichen biomasses, using a simple cold percolation method. The effects of extract-to-silver nitrate mixing ratio, pH and waiting time on the growth and stability of nanoparticles were systematically explored. The rate constant for bio-reduction was found to be 5.3 × 10-3 min-1. Transmission electron microscopy showed a narrow particle size distribution with a mean particle size of 11.1 ± 3.6 nm (n = 200). The X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction techniques confirmed the formation of cubic crystals. The synthesized colloidal solution showed excellent response to Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in spiked water samples. The limit of detection and calibration sensitivity for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions were found to be 1 and 5 mg l-1 and 2.9 × 10-3 and 1.6 × 10-3 units ppm-1, respectively. These findings suggested that spherical silver nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution can be synthesized on a laboratory scale using an aqueous H. cirrhata lichen extract, and the colloidal solution can be used for the detection of selected heavy metals in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Sharma
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu44613, Nepal
| | - Surendra Kumar Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu44605, Nepal
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu44613, Nepal
| | - Bhanu Bhakta Neupane
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu44613, Nepal
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Falque M, Bourgais A, Dumas F, de Carvalho M, Diblasi C. MiniRead: A simple and inexpensive do-it-yourself device for multiple analyses of micro-organism growth kinetics. Yeast 2024. [PMID: 38380872 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fitness in micro-organisms can be proxied by growth parameters on different media and/or temperatures. This is achieved by measuring optical density at 600 nm using a spectrophotometer, which measures the effect of absorbance and side scattering due to turbidity of cells suspensions. However, when growth kinetics must be monitored in many 96-well plates at the same time, buying several 96-channel spectrophotometers is often beyond budgets. The MiniRead device presented here is a simple and inexpensive do-it-yourself 96-well temperature-controlled turbidimeter designed to measure the interception of white light via absorption or side scattering through liquid culture medium. Turbidity is automatically recorded in each well at regular time intervals for up to several days or weeks. Output tabulated text files are recorded into a micro-SD memory card to be easily transferred to a computer. We propose also an R package which allows (1) to compute the nonlinear calibration curves required to convert raw readings into cell concentration values, and (2) to analyze growth kinetics output files to automatically estimate proxies of growth parameters such as lag time, maximum growth rate, or cell concentration at the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Falque
- GQE-Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Bourgais
- GQE-Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabrice Dumas
- GQE-Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mickaël de Carvalho
- GQE-Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Célian Diblasi
- GQE-Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Montes YMG, Calle ERV, Terán SGS, García MRC, Nájera JCR, Vera MRL. Growth kinetics of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei in liquid culture medium containing as prebiotics inulin or fructose. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1258-1270. [PMID: 37801661 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive microbiology is a tool that allows us to evaluate the behavior of the concentration of biomass and estimated cells under extrinsic conditions, providing scientific and industrial benefits. In the present study, the growth of L. lactis and L. casei combined with inulin and fructose was modeled using the Gompertz sigmoidal growth functions and plotted using data obtained from batch culture in relation to biomass and cell concentration expressed as estimates in ln N (OD600nm and cells mL-1 ) as a function of time. RESULTS The results of the kinetic modeling indicated that (T1) A1B1 = L. lactis + fructose and (T4) A2B2 = L. casei + inulin presented the best function coefficients and best fits in most cases compared to the rest. The specific growth rate of the maximum acceleration was from 0.364 to 0.473 h-1 and 0.100 to 0.129 h-1 , the concentration of bacterial cells (A) was from 0.556 to 0.713 and 0.425 to 0.548 respectively and the time where (μ) occurred with a greater magnitude (L) fluctuated between 0.854 and 0.802 and when this time in (L) is very fast, it presents values of ≤0.072 to ≤0.092. Its coefficient of determination and/or multiple regression (R2 ) obtained in the two adjustments was 0.97. CONCLUSION It was possible to predict the influence of the carbon source on the behavior of maximum growth rates, higher consumption due to nutrient affinity and shorter growth time. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessenia Maribel García Montes
- Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Tecnologías, Universidad Laica 'Eloy Alfaro' de Manabí, Av. Circunvalación, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Rafael Vera Calle
- Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Stalin Gustavo Santacruz Terán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Tecnologías, Universidad Laica 'Eloy Alfaro' de Manabí, Av. Circunvalación, Manta, Ecuador
| | - Marlon Reinaldo Castro García
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida y Tecnologías, Universidad Laica 'Eloy Alfaro' de Manabí, Av. Circunvalación, Manta, Ecuador
| | | | - Mario René Lopez Vera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí 'MFL', Calceta, Ecuador
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Zhou L, Liang L, Chen J, Zhou X, Liu L, Xi S, Loh KP, Han Y, He Q, Liu X. Promoted Growth and Multiband Emission in Heterostructured Perovskites Through Cs + -Sublattice Interaction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306398. [PMID: 38018323 PMCID: PMC10797418 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of exciton confinement in metal halide perovskites is critical to the development of high-performance, stable optoelectronic devices. A significant hurdle is the swift completion of ionic metathesis reactions, often within seconds, making consistent control challenging. Herein, the introduction of different steric hindrances in a Cs+ sublattice within CsYb2 F7 is reported, which effectively modulates the reaction rate of Cs+ with lead (Pb2+ ) and halide ions in solution, extending the synthesis time for perovskite nanostructures to tens of minutes. Importantly, the Cs+ sublattice provides a crystal facet-dependent preference for perovskite growth and thus exciton confinement, allowing the simultaneous occurrence of up to six emission bands of CsPbBr3 . Moreover, the rigid CsYb2 F7 nano template offers high activation energy and enhances the stability of the resulting perovskite nanostructures. This methodology provides a versatile approach to synthesizing functional heterostructures. Its robustness is demonstrated by in-situ growth of perovskite nanostructures on Cs+ -mediated metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117549Singapore
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhai519802P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Liang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117549Singapore
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117549Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Lingmei Liu
- Multi‐scale Porous Materials CenterInstitute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for ChemicalsEnergy and Environment (ISCE2)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)1 Pesek Road Jurong IslandSingapore627833Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117549Singapore
| | - Yu Han
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionAdvanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Qian He
- Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of SingaporeSingapore117549Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore138634Singapore
- The N1 Institute for HealthNational University of SingaporeSingapore117456Singapore
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Nahum EZ, Lugovskoy A, Lugovskoy S, Sobolev A. Surface Properties of Ti65Zr Alloy Modified with TiZr Oxide and Hydroxyapatite. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 14:15. [PMID: 38202470 PMCID: PMC10780527 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-zirconium dioxide nanostructures loaded by hydroxyapatite were produced on the surface of Ti65Zr alloy. The alloy was treated by anodization with the subsequent immersion in calcium glycerophosphate (CG) solutions. The resulting surfaces present TiO2-ZrO2 nanotubular (TiZr-NT) structures enriched with hydroxyapatite (HAP). The nanotube texture is expected to enhance the surface's corrosion resistance and promote integration with bone tissue in dental implants. The TiZr-NT structure had a diameter of 73 ± 2.2 nm and a length of 10.1 ± 0.5 μm. The most favorable result for the growth of HAP in Hanks' balanced salt solution (Hanks' BSS) was obtained at a CG concentration of 0.5 g/L. Samples soaked in CG at a concentration of 0.5 g/L demonstrated in a decrease of the contact angles to 25.2°; after 3 days of exposure to Hanks' BSS, the contact angles further reduced to 18.5°. The corrosion studies also showed that the TiZr-NT structure soaked in the CG = 0.5 g/L solution exhibited the best corrosion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Svetlana Lugovskoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (E.Z.N.); (A.L.)
| | - Alexander Sobolev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (E.Z.N.); (A.L.)
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7
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Norfolk WA, Shue C, Henderson WM, Glinski DA, Lipp EK. Vibrio alginolyticus growth kinetics and the metabolic effects of iron. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0268023. [PMID: 37966200 PMCID: PMC10714744 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02680-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Transmission of V. alginolyticus occurs opportunistically through direct seawater exposure and is a function of its abundance in the environment. Like other Vibrio spp., V. alginolyticus are considered conditionally rare taxa in marine waters, with populations capable of forming large, short-lived blooms under specific environmental conditions, which remain poorly defined. Prior research has established the importance of temperature and salinity as the major determinants of Vibrio geographical and temporal range. However, bloom formation can be strongly influenced by other factors that may be more episodic and localized, such as changes in iron availability. Here we confirm the broad temperature and salinity tolerance of V. alginolyticus and demonstrate the importance of iron supplementation as a key factor for growth in the absence of thermal or osmotic stress. The results of this research highlight the importance of episodic iron input as a crucial metric to consider for the assessment of V. alginolyticus risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Norfolk
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Charlyn Shue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Matthew Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donna A. Glinski
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Shah AA, Sheikh AA, Hasin D, Shah F, Aarif O, Shah RA, Ahmad SB, Maqbool S, Pampori ZA. Isolation, in vitro expansion and characterization of ovine fetal adnexa-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals a source dependent trilineage differentiation and growth kinetics. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3908-3919. [PMID: 37493347 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2238015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to isolate, cultivate, characterize and evaluate the growth kinetics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal adnexa of sheep. The gravid uteri of ewes were collected from a local abattoir. The MSCs isolated from different fetal regions (Wharton's Jelly [oWJ], cord blood [oCB], amniotic fluid [oAF] and amniotic Sac [oAS]) were expanded in vitro and characterized for surface and pluripotency markers. The growth kinetics of MSCs was compared at 3rd and 5th passages. Similarly, the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay was performed at 3rd passage. The fetal adnexa-derived ovine MSCs showed the expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105. Similarly, the MSCs also expressed pluripotency markers, OCT4 and SOX2. Besides, cells also differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. The MSCs in culture showed a typical growth curve with initial lag phase, an exponential phase, a plateau phase and a decline phase. The growth rate was highest in oAF-MSCs at P5. The population doubling time (PDT) was highest in oAS-MSCs (87.28 ± 3.24 h), whereas the colony number was highest in oAF-MSCs (53.67 ± 4.06). The study reveals that oAF-MSCs were superior which outperformed other MSCs indicating that oAF-derived MSCs could be utilized for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Amin Shah
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Aasif Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Dilruba Hasin
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Fozia Shah
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Ovais Aarif
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Showkat Maqbool
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Z A Pampori
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
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Bodie AR, Rothrock MJ, Ricke SC. Comparison of optical density-based growth kinetics for pure culture Campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari grown in blood-free Bolton broth. J Environ Sci Health B 2023; 58:671-678. [PMID: 37784245 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2264742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter growth kinetic parameters can be used to refine the sensitivity and efficiency of microbial growth-based methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct growth curves for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari in pure culture and calculate growth kinetics for each Campylobacter species in the same environmental conditions. Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. lari were grown over 48 h and inoculated into 15 mL Hungate tubes (N = 3 trials per species; 5 biological replicates per trial; 3 species; 1 strain per species). Absorbance measurements were taken in 45 min intervals over 24 h. Optical density readings were plotted versus time to calculate growth kinetic parameters. C. jejuni exhibited the longest lag phase (p < 0.001) at 15 h 20 min ± 30 min, versus C. coli at 11 h 15 min ± 17 min, and C. lari at 9 h 27 min ± 15 min. The exponential phase duration was no longer than 5 h for all species, and doubling times were all less than 1h 30 min. The variation in growth kinetics for the three species of Campylobacter illustrates the importance of determining individual Campylobacter spp. growth responses for optimizing detection based on low bacterial levels. This study provides kinetics and estimates to define enrichment times necessary for low concentration Campylobacter detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Bodie
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael J Rothrock
- Egg Safety and Quality Research Unit, USDA-ARS U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Ramírez-Sánchez D, Gibelin-Viala C, Mayjonade B, Duflos R, Belmonte E, Pailler V, Bartoli C, Carrere S, Vailleau F, Roux F. Corrigendum: Investigating genetic diversity within the most abundant and prevalent non-pathogenic leaf-associated bacteria interacting with Arabidopsis thaliana in natural habitats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304377. [PMID: 37901829 PMCID: PMC10600367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984832.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rémi Duflos
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elodie Belmonte
- Gentyane, UMR 1095 GDEC, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Pailler
- Gentyane, UMR 1095 GDEC, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claudia Bartoli
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE, Institut Agro AgroCampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sébastien Carrere
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabienne Vailleau
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabrice Roux
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Nahum EZ, Lugovskoy A, Lugovskoy S, Sobolev A. Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes Loaded with Hydroxyapatite. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2743. [PMID: 37887894 PMCID: PMC10609259 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple method of synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAP) is described. Such nanotubes find wide applications in various fields, including biomedicine, solar cells, and drug delivery, due to their bioactivity and potential for osseointegration. The Cp-Ti substrate was anodized at a constant voltage of 40 V, with the subsequent heat treatment at 450 °C. The resulting TiNT had a diameter of 100.3 ± 2.8 nm and a length of 3.5 ± 0.04 μm. The best result of the growth rate of HAP in Hanks' balanced salt solution (Hanks' BSS) was obtained in calcium glycerophosphate (CG = 0.1 g/L) when precipitates formed on the bottom and walls of the nanotubes. Structural properties, surface wettability, corrosion resistance, and growth rate of HAP as an indicator of the bioactivity of the coating have been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), potentiodynamic polarization test (PPC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and contact angle (CA) measurements were used to characterize HAP-loaded nanotubes (HAP-TiNT). The CA, also serving as an indirect indicator of bioactivity, was 30.4 ± 1.1° for the TiNT not containing HAP. The contact angle value for HAP-TiNT produced in 0.1 g/L CG was 18.2 ± 1.2°, and for HAP-TiNT exposed to Hanks' BSS for 7 days, the CA was 7.2 ± 0.5°. The corrosion studies and measurement of HAP growth rates after a 7-day exposure to Hanks' BSS confirmed the result that TiNT processed in 0.1 g/L of CG exhibited the most significant capacity for HAP formation compared to the other tested samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Sobolev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (E.Z.N.); (A.L.); (S.L.)
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Luo J, Tong Q, Jiang Z, Bai H, Wu J, Liu X, Xie S, Ge H, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Hong M, Shen D, Zhang Q, Liu W, Tang X. Exploring the Epitaxial Growth Kinetics and Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator MnBi 2Te 4 Films. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19022-19032. [PMID: 37732876 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of MnBi2Te4-based intrinsic magnetic topological insulators has fueled tremendous interest in condensed matter physics, owing to their potential as an ideal platform for exploring the quantum anomalous Hall effect and other magnetism-topology interactions. However, the fabrication of single-phase MnBi2Te4 films remains a common challenge in the research field. Herein, we present an effective and simple approach for fabricating high-quality, near-stoichiometric MnBi2Te4 films by directly matching the growth rates of intermediate Bi2Te3 and MnTe. Through systematic experimental studies and thermodynamic calculations, we demonstrate that binary phases of Bi2Te3 and MnTe are easily formed during film growth, and the reaction of Bi2Te3 + MnTe → MnBi2Te4 represents the rate-limiting step among all possible reaction paths, which could result in the presence of Bi2Te3 and MnTe impurity phases in the grown MnBi2Te4 films. Moreover, Bi2Te3 and MnTe impurities introduce negative and positive anomalous Hall (AH) components, respectively, in the AH signals of MnBi2Te4 films. Our work suggests that further manipulation of growth parameters should be the essential route for fabricating phase-pure MnBi2Te4 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiwei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoran Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Hong
- Centre for Future Materials, and School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland 4300, Australia
| | - Dawei Shen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Qingjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinfeng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Tarlak F, Costa JCCP. Comparison of modelling approaches for the prediction of kinetic growth parameters of Pseudomonas spp. in oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus). FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:631-640. [PMID: 35642261 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In predictive microbiology, primary and secondary models can be used to predict microbial growth, usually in a two-step modelling approach. The inverse dynamic modelling approach is an alternative method to direct modelling methods, in which the primary and secondary models are fitted simultaneously from non-isothermal data, minimising experimental effort and costs. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to compare the prediction capabilities of the mathematical modelling approaches used for calculating growth kinetics of microorganisms in predictive food microbiology field. For this purpose, the bacterial growth data of Pseudomonas spp. in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) subjected to isothermal and non-isothermal storage temperatures were collected from previously published growth curves. Temperature-dependent kinetic growth parameters (maximum specific growth rate 'µmax' and lag phase duration 'λ') were described as a function of storage temperature using the direct two-step, direct one-step and inverse dynamic modelling approach based on Baranyi and Huang models. The fitting capability of the modelling approaches was separately compared, and the one-step modelling approach for the direct methods provided better goodness of fit results regardless of used primary models, which leads the Huang model with being RMSE = 0.226 and R2adj = 0.949 became best for direct methods. Like seen in direct methods, the Huang model gave better goodness of fit results than Baranyi model for inverse method. Results revealed there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the growth kinetic parameters obtained from direct one-step modelling approach and inverse modelling approaches based on the Huang model. Satisfactorily statistical indexes show that the inverse dynamic modelling approach can be reliably used as an alternative way of describing the growth behaviour of Pseudomonas spp. in oyster mushroom in a fast and minimum labour effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tarlak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Gedik University, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean Carlos Correia Peres Costa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
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14
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Yan J, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Huang Q, Zhan Y, Jiang Z, Zhong Z. Competitive Growth of Ge Quantum Dots on a Si Micropillar with Pits for a Precisely Site-Controlled QDs/Microdisk System. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2323. [PMID: 37630907 PMCID: PMC10458077 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs)/microdisks promise a unique system for comprehensive studies on cavity quantum electrodynamics and great potential for on-chip integrated light sources. Here, we report on a strategy for precisely site-controlled Ge QDs in SiGe microdisks via self-assembly growth of QDs on a micropillar with deterministic pits and subsequent etching. The competitive growth of QDs in pits and at the periphery of the micropillar is disclosed. By adjusting the growth temperature and Ge deposition, as well as the pit profiles, QDs can exclusively grow in pits that are exactly located at the field antinodes of the corresponding cavity mode of the microdisk. The inherent mechanism of the mandatory addressability of QDs is revealed in terms of growth kinetics based on the non-uniform surface chemical potential around the top of the micropillar with pits. Our results demonstrate a promising approach to scalable and deterministic QDs/microdisks with strong light-matter interaction desired for fundamental research and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zuimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhenyang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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15
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Tillis SB, Holt C, Havens S, Logan TD, Julander JG, Ossiboff RJ. In Vitro Characterization and Antiviral Susceptibility of Ophidian Serpentoviruses. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1371. [PMID: 37374873 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophidian serpentoviruses, positive-sense RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales, are important infectious agents of both captive and free-ranging reptiles. Although the clinical significance of these viruses can be variable, some serpentoviruses are pathogenic and potentially fatal in captive snakes. While serpentoviral diversity and disease potential are well documented, little is known about the fundamental properties of these viruses, including their potential host ranges, kinetics of growth, environmental stability, and susceptibility to common disinfectants and viricides. To address this, three serpentoviruses were isolated in culture from three unique PCR-positive python species: Ball python (Python regius), green tree python (Morelia viridis), and Stimson's python (Antaresia stimsoni). A median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) was established to characterize viral stability, growth, and susceptibility. All isolates showed an environmental stability of 10-12 days at room temperature (20 °C). While all three viruses produced variable peak titers on three different cell lines when incubated at 32 °C, none of the viruses detectably replicated at 35 °C. All viruses demonstrated a wide susceptibility to sanitizers, with 10% bleach, 2% chlorhexidine, and 70% ethanol inactivating the virus in one minute and 7% peroxide and a quaternary ammonium solution within three minutes. Of seven tested antiviral agents, remdesivir, ribavirin, and NITD-008, showed potent antiviral activity against the three viruses. Finally, the three isolates successfully infected 32 unique tissue culture cell lines representing different diverse reptile taxa and select mammals and birds as detected by epifluorescent immunostaining. This study represents the first characterization of in vitro properties of growth, stability, host range, and inactivation for a serpentovirus. The reported results provide the basis for procedures to mitigate the spread of serpentoviruses in captive snake colonies as well as identify potential non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options for ophidian serpentoviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Tillis
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Camille Holt
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Spencer Havens
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Tracey D Logan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Justin G Julander
- Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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16
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Leshchenko ED, Dubrovskii VG. An Overview of Modeling Approaches for Compositional Control in III-V Ternary Nanowires. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13101659. [PMID: 37242075 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of the growth process is required for the synthesis of III-V ternary nanowires with controllable composition. Consequently, new theoretical approaches for the description of epitaxial growth and the related chemical composition of III-V ternary nanowires based on group III or group V intermix were recently developed. In this review, we present and discuss existing modeling strategies for the stationary compositions of III-V ternary nanowires and try to systematize and link them in a general perspective. In particular, we divide the existing approaches into models that focus on the liquid-solid incorporation mechanisms in vapor-liquid-solid nanowires (equilibrium, nucleation-limited, and kinetic models treating the growth of solid from liquid) and models that provide the vapor-solid distributions (empirical, transport-limited, reaction-limited, and kinetic models treating the growth of solid from vapor). We describe the basic ideas underlying the existing models and analyze the similarities and differences between them, as well as the limitations and key factors influencing the stationary compositions of III-V nanowires versus the growth method. Overall, this review provides a basis for choosing a modeling approach that is most appropriate for a particular material system and epitaxy technique and that underlines the achieved level of the compositional modeling of III-V ternary nanowires and the remaining gaps that require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egor D Leshchenko
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Dubrovskii
- Faculty of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Hu M, Ouyang X, Yin F, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Wang X. Effect of Boronizing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeNiMn High-Entropy Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103754. [PMID: 37241381 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloys were treated by powder-pack boriding to improve their surface hardness and wear resistance. The variation of boriding layer thickness with time and temperature was studied. Then, the frequency factor D0 and diffusion activation energy Q of element B in HEA are calculated to be 9.15 × 10-5 m2/s and 206.93 kJ/mol, respectively. The diffusion behavior of elements in the boronizing process was investigated and shows that the boride layer forms with the metal atoms diffusing outward and the diffusion layer forms with the B atoms diffusing inward by the Pt-labeling method. In addition, the surface microhardness of CoCrFeNiMn HEA was significantly improved to 23.8 ± 1.4 Gpa, and the friction coefficient was reduced from 0.86 to 0.48~0.61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xuemei Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zuchuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Design and Preparation Technology of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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18
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Roufou S, Griffin S, Attard J, Katsini L, Polańska M, Van Impe JFM, Gatt R, Valdramidis VP. The role of temperature and carbon dioxide climatic stress factors on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:7008498. [PMID: 36708160 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The global level of carbon dioxide and temperature in the atmosphere is expected to increase, which may affect the survival of the stress-adapted bacteria. In this study, the effect of temperature and dissolved carbon dioxide on the growth rate of Escherichia coli-eGFP tagged strain was studied, thus assessing its response to induced environmental stress factors. METHODS AND RESULTS A kinetic assay has been performed using a microplate reader with a spectrofluorometer to determine the specific growth rates. Polynomial models were developed to correlate the environmental conditions of temperature and carbon dioxide with Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) growth in culture media and dairy by-products. At a temperature of 42°C, as the dissolved CO2 increased, a decrease in μmax by 0.76 h-1 was observed. In contrast, at 27°C, this increase led to an increase in μmax by 0.99 h-1. Moreover, a correction factor was added when applying the model to dairy whey samples. CONCLUSIONS The application of this developed model can be considered a useful tool for predicting the growth of Escherichia coli using climate projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Roufou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Sholeem Griffin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta.,Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Juan Attard
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Lydia Katsini
- Department of Chemical Engineering BioTeC+, Chemical & Biochemical Process Technology & Control Chemical, KU Leuven, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Monika Polańska
- Department of Chemical Engineering BioTeC+, Chemical & Biochemical Process Technology & Control Chemical, KU Leuven, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan F M Van Impe
- Department of Chemical Engineering BioTeC+, Chemical & Biochemical Process Technology & Control Chemical, KU Leuven, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ruben Gatt
- Department of Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Vasilis P Valdramidis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta.,Centre of Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080, Malta.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15771, Greece
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19
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Yin Y, Peng J, Zheng X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Dai Y, Yin G, Tang Y. Extrinsic apoptosis and senescence involved in growth kinetics of seminoma to cisplatin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:140-148. [PMID: 36222180 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Seminoma is the most common type of testicular germ cell tumour and is highly sensitive to cisplatin therapy, which has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively monitored dynamic changes of TCam-2 cells after cisplatin treatment. At an early stage, we found that both low and high concentrations of cisplatin induced the S-phase arrest in TCam-2 cells. By contrast, the G0G1 arrest was caused by cisplatin in teratoma NTERA-2 cells. Afterwards, high concentrations of cisplatin promoted the extrinsic apoptosis and high expressions of related genes (Fas/FasL-caspase-8/-3) in TCam-2 cells. However, when decreasing the cisplatin, the apoptotic cells were significantly reduced, and accompanied by cells showing senescence-like morphology, positive SA-β-gal staining and up-regulation of senescence-related genes (p53, p21 and p16). Furthermore, the cell cycle analysis revealed that most of the senescent TCam-2 cells were irreversibly arrested in the G2M phase. G2M arrest was also observed in NTERA-2 cells treated with a low concentration of cisplatin, while no senescence-related phenotype was discovered. In addition, we detected the γ-H2AX, a DNA damage marker protein, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and found both of which were elevated with the increase of cisplatin in TCam-2 cells. In conclusion, the extrinsic apoptosis and senescence are involved in the growth kinetics of TCam-2 cells to cisplatin, which provide some implications for studies on cisplatin and seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingxuan Peng
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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20
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Shen B, Ruan P, Cheng A, Wang M, Zhang W, Wu Y, Yang Q, Tian B, Ou X, Mao S, Sun D, Zhang S, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao XX, Huang J, Gao Q, Yu Y, Zhang L, Pan L. Characterization of a Unique Novel LORF3 Protein of Duck Plague Virus and Its Potential Pathogenesis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0157722. [PMID: 36598202 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck plague virus (DPV) is a high-morbidity fowl alphaherpesvirus that causes septicemic lesions in various organs. Most DPV genes are conserved among herpesviruses, while a few are specific to fowl herpesviruses, including the LORF3 gene, for which there is currently no literature describing its biological properties and functions. This study first addressed whether the LORF3 protein is expressed by making specific polyclonal antibodies. We could demonstrate that DPV LORF3 is an early gene and encodes a protein involved in virion assembly, mainly localized in the nucleus of DPV-infected DEF cells. To investigate the role of this novel LORF3 protein in DPV pathogenesis, we generated a recombinant virus that lacks expression of the LORF3 protein. Our data revealed that the LORF3 protein is not essential for viral replication but contributes to DPV replication in vitro and in vivo and promotes duck plague disease morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, deletion of the LORF3 protein abolished thymus atrophy in DPV-vaccinated ducks. In conclusion, this study revealed the expression of avian herpesviruses-specific genes and unraveled the role of the early protein LORF3 in the pathogenesis of DPV. IMPORTANCE DPV is a highly lethal alphaherpesvirus that causes duck plague in birds of the order Anseriformes. The virus has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry due to high morbidity and mortality and the cost of vaccination. DPV encodes 78 open reading frames (ORFs), and these genes are involved in various processes of the viral life cycle. Functional characterization of DPV genes is important for understanding the complex viral life cycle and DPV pathogenesis. Here, we identified a novel protein encoded by LORF3, and our data suggest that the LORF3 protein is involved in the occurrence and development of duck plague.
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Montanari C, Barbieri F, Lorenzini S, Gottardi D, Šimat V, Özogul F, Gardini F, Tabanelli G. Survival, growth, and biogenic amine production of Enterococcus faecium FC12 in response to extracts and essential oils of Rubus fruticosus and Juniperus oxycedrus. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1092172. [PMID: 36712524 PMCID: PMC9880475 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1092172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococci are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) usually found as food contaminants in fermented products such as cheeses and fermented sausages. Due to their antibiotic resistance, the presence of virulence factors, and the ability to produce biogenic amines (BAs), the determination of these bacteria is crucial to assure food quality and safety. BAs production and consequent accumulation in foods can cause toxicological effects on human health. Plant phenolic compounds are promising alternatives to chemical preservatives and reflect consumers' demand for "green" solutions. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) leaves and prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) needles, both as phenolic extracts (PE) and essential oils (EO), were evaluated against Enterococcus faecium FC12, a known tyramine-producing strain. Methods The growth kinetics in the presence of sub-lethal concentrations of such plant derivatives were modeled (Gompertz equation) and BA production was monitored over time by HPLC. Moreover, flow cytometry (FCM) was used to study the effects of EOs and PEs on cell viability. Results The EOs showed a higher antimicrobial effect (especially R. fruticosus added at 0.75 mg/ml), determining an initial decrease of culturable cells followed by a recovery, even if with lower growth rates and final cell loads. Different rates of BA formation were observed, with tyramine concentrations ranging from 120 to 160 mg/l after 96 h of incubation, and 2-phenylethylamine was produced in lower amounts, usually after reaching the peak of tyramine. FCM confirmed the higher efficacy of R. fruticosus EO that induced cell membrane injury in 93% of the total population. However, complete recovery occurred in the following incubation, demonstrating transient damage. Discussion Although further research is required to better investigate this recovery and to assess the suitability of this approach in a real food system, the present study showed the potential antimicrobial activity of plant derivatives, especially R. fruticosus EO, against the tyramine-producing E. faecium FC12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Montanari
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy,Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy,Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Giulia Tabanelli ✉
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Abstract
Understanding the growth mechanisms of multielement two-dimensional (2D) crystals is challenging because of the unbalanced stoichiometry and possible reconstruction of their edges. Here, we present a systematic theoretical study on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth mechanism of MoS2. We found that the growth kinetics of MoS2 highly depends on its edge reconstruction determined by concentrations of Mo and S in the growth environment. Based on the calculated energies of nucleation and propagation of various MoS2 edges, we predicted the transition of a MoS2 island growth from a regime of a triangle enclosed by Mo-terminated zigzag edges that are passivated by 50% S (Mo-II edges), to a regime of continuous evolution within a triangle, hexagon, and inverted triangle with 75%-S-terminated edges (S-III edges) and Mo-II edges, and finally to a regime of triangles with Mo-terminated zigzag edges that are passivated by 100% S (Mo-III edges) by tuning the growth condition from Mo-rich to S-rich, which provides a reasonable explanation to many experimental observations. This study provides a general guideline on theoretical studies of 2D crystals' growth mechanisms, deepens our understanding on the growth mechanism of multielement 2D crystals, and is beneficial for the controllable synthesis of various 2D crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Degong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
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23
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Mukherjee R, Bera D. Effect of nutritional parameters on microbial production of L-Asparaginase by novel Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:995-1003. [PMID: 36628451 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2164592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase owes considerable significance in food and pharmaceutical applications. L-Asparaginase is an antineoplastic enzyme that finds application in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and in mitigating acrylamide (a potent carcinogen) production during baking. In this study, we aimed to optimize nutritional parameters that are significant in initiating and regulating a bioprocess system in order to maximize enzyme production from a novel isolated bacterial species Brevibacillus borstelensis ML12 so the high-yielding enzyme producers can be selected and utilized for better efficacy of this commercially viable enzyme in pharmaceutical field, food industry, in biosensors and as an antioxidant growth kinetics study of the organism was performed and the maximum specific growth rate µo (min-1) and Monod half saturation constant Ks for L-Asparagine came out to be µo = 0.0189 min-1 and Ks = 2.44 mM, respectively at 0.04 M asparagine concentration and 37 °C. Effect of different nutritional parameters like carbohydrates, organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, L-Asparagine, minerals, surfactants and bile were performed. Maximum L-Asparaginase production occurred at 0.01% dextrose, 20 g L-1 L-Asparagine, 10 mM cobalt chloride, 0.1% Tween 80 and 1% bile concentrations (237.319 IU mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupkatha Mukherjee
- Department of Food Technology & Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Debabrata Bera
- Department of Food Technology & Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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24
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Wang Q, Wang S, Li J, Gan Y, Jin M, Shi R, Amini A, Wang N, Cheng C. Modified Spatially Confined Strategy Enabled Mild Growth Kinetics for Facile Growth Management of Atomically-Thin Tungsten Disulfides. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205638. [PMID: 36446619 PMCID: PMC9875684 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been widely used to produce high quality 2D transitional metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs). However, violent evaporation and large diffusivity discrepancy of metal and chalcogen precursors at elevated temperatures often result in poor regulation on X:M molar ratio (M = Mo, W etc.; X = S, Se, and Te), and thus it is rather challenging to achieve the desired products of 2D TMDCs. Here, a modified spatially confined strategy (MSCS) is utilized to suppress the rising S vapor concentration between two aspectant substrates, upon which the lateral/vertical growth of 2D WS2 can be selectively regulated via proper S:W zones correspond to greatly broadened time/growth windows. An S:W-time (SW-T) growth diagram was thus proposed as a mapping guide for the general understanding of CVD growth of 2D WS2 and the design of growth routes for the desired 2D WS2 . Consequently, a comprehensive growth management of atomically thin WS2 is achieved, including the versatile controls of domain size, layer number, and lateral/vertical heterostructures (MoS2 -WS2 ). The lateral heterostructures show an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance. This study advances the substantial understanding to the growth kinetics and provides an effective MSCS protocol for growth design and management of 2D TMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum MaterialsHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongP. R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Yichen Gan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Mengtian Jin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Abbas Amini
- Center for Infrastructure EngineeringWestern Sydney UniversityKingswoodNew South Wales2751Australia
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum MaterialsHong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongP. R. China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric PowerSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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25
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Kharlamova MV. Kinetics, Electronic Properties of Filled Carbon Nanotubes Investigated with Spectroscopy for Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:176. [PMID: 36616086 PMCID: PMC9823493 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the discussion of kinetics of growth, and electronic properties of filled carbon nanotubes investigated by spectroscopy for applications. The paper starts with discussion of growth of carbon nanotubes inside metallocene-filled carbon nanotubes. Nickelocene, cobaltocene are considered for growth of carbon nanotubes. Then, the investigations of filled carbon nanotubes by four spectroscopic techniques are discussed. Among them are Raman spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy. It is discussed that metal halogenides, metal chalcogenides, metals lead to changes in electronic structure of nanotubes with n- or p-doping. The filling of carbon nanotubes with different organic and inorganic substances results in many promising applications. This review adds significant contribution to understanding of the kinetics and electronic properties of filled SWCNTs with considering new results of recent investigations. Challenges in various fields are analyzed and summarized, which shows the author's viewpoint of progress in the spectroscopy of filled SWCNTs. This is a valuable step toward applications of filled SWCNTs and transfer of existing ideas from lab to industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V Kharlamova
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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26
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Ramírez-Sánchez D, Gibelin-Viala C, Mayjonade B, Duflos R, Belmonte E, Pailler V, Bartoli C, Carrere S, Vailleau F, Roux F. Investigating genetic diversity within the most abundant and prevalent non-pathogenic leaf-associated bacteria interacting with Arabidopsis thaliana in natural habitats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984832. [PMID: 36212843 PMCID: PMC9537739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota modulates plant health and appears as a promising lever to develop innovative, sustainable and eco-friendly agro-ecosystems. Key patterns of microbiota assemblages in plants have been revealed by an extensive number of studies based on taxonomic profiling by metabarcoding. However, understanding the functionality of microbiota is still in its infancy and relies on reductionist approaches primarily based on the establishment of representative microbial collections. In Arabidopsis thaliana, most of these microbial collections include one strain per OTU isolated from a limited number of habitats, thereby neglecting the ecological potential of genetic diversity within microbial species. With this study, we aimed at estimating the extent of genetic variation between strains within the most abundant and prevalent leaf-associated non-pathogenic bacterial species in A. thaliana located south-west of France. By combining a culture-based collection approach consisting of the isolation of more than 7,000 bacterial colonies with an informative-driven approach, we isolated 35 pure strains from eight non-pathogenic bacterial species. We detected significant intra-specific genetic variation at the genomic level and for growth rate in synthetic media. In addition, significant host genetic variation was detected in response to most bacterial strains in in vitro conditions, albeit dependent on the developmental stage at which plants were inoculated, with the presence of both negative and positive responses on plant growth. Our study provides new genetic and genomic resources for a better understanding of the plant-microbe ecological interactions at the microbiota level. We also highlight the need of considering genetic variation in both non-pathogenic bacterial species and A. thaliana to decipher the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the ecologically relevant dialog between hosts and leaf microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rémi Duflos
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elodie Belmonte
- Gentyane, UMR 1095 GDEC, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Pailler
- Gentyane, UMR 1095 GDEC, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claudia Bartoli
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), INRAE, Institut Agro AgroCampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Le Rheu, France
| | - Sébastien Carrere
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabienne Vailleau
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fabrice Roux
- LIPME, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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27
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Ibañez MV, Leonardi RJ, Krujatz F, Heinrich JM. The Assessment of the Real-Time Radiative Properties and Productivity of Limnospira platensis in Tubular Photobioreactors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071014. [PMID: 35888102 PMCID: PMC9320848 DOI: 10.3390/life12071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of tools to predict the photobioreactors' (PBRs) productivity is a significant concern in biotechnology. To this end, it is required to know the light availability inside the cultivation unit and combine this information with a suitable kinetic expression that links the distribution of radiant energy with the cell growth rate. In a previous study, we presented and validated a methodology for assessing the radiative properties necessary to address the light distribution inside a PBR for varying illuminating conditions through the cultivation process of a phototrophic microorganism. Here, we sought to utilise this information to construct a predictive tool to estimate the productivity of an autotrophic bioprocess carried out in a 100 [L] tubular photobioreactor (TPBR). Firstly, the time-dependent optical properties over ten batch cultures of L. platensis were calculated. Secondly, the local volumetric rate of photon absorption was assessed based on a physical model of the interaction of the radiant energy with the suspended biomass, together with a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Lastly, a kinetic expression valid for low illumination conditions has been utilised to reproduce all the cultures' experimentally obtained dry weight biomass concentration values. Taken together, time-dependent radiative properties and the kinetic model produced a valuable tool for the study and scaling up of TPBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vicente Ibañez
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (Paraje El Pozo), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (R.J.L.); (J.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rodrigo Jorge Leonardi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (Paraje El Pozo), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (R.J.L.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Biotopa gGmbH—Center for Applied Aquaculture & Bioeconomy, Bautzner Landstraße 45, 01454 Radeberg, Germany
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Josué Miguel Heinrich
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (Paraje El Pozo), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (R.J.L.); (J.M.H.)
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28
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El Hamoui O, Saydé T, Svahn I, Gudin A, Gontier E, Le Coustumer P, Verget J, Barthélémy P, Gaudin K, Battu S, Lespes G, Alies B. Nucleoside-Derived Low-Molecular-Weight Gelators as a Synthetic Microenvironment for 3D Cell Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3387-3398. [PMID: 35772731 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the last few decades, many efforts have been made in developing cell culture methods in order to overcome the biological limitations of the conventional two-dimensional culture. This paradigm shift is driven by a large amount of new hydrogel-based systems for three-dimensional culture, among other systems, since they are known to mimic some living tissue properties. One class of hydrogel precursors has received interest in the field of biomaterials, low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs). In comparison to polymer gels, LMWG gels are formed by weak interactions upon an external trigger between the molecular subunits, giving them the ability to reverse the gelation, thus showing potential for many applications of practical interest. This study presents the use of the nucleoside derivative subclass of LMWGs, which are glyco-nucleo-bola-amphiphiles, as a proof of concept of a 3D cell culture scaffold. Physicochemical characterization was performed in order to reach the optimal features to fulfill the requirements of the cell culture microenvironment, in terms of the mechanical properties, architecture, molecular diffusion, porosity, and experimental practicality. The retained conditions were tested by culturing glioblastoma cells for over a month. The cell viability, proliferation, and spatial organization showed during the experiments demonstrate the proof of concept of nucleoside-derived LMWGs as a soft 3D cell culture scaffold. One of the hydrogels tested permits cell proliferation and spheroidal organization over the entire culture time. These systems offer many advantages as they consume very few matters within the optimal range of viscoelasticity for cell culture, and the thermoreversibility of these hydrogels permits their use with few instruments. The LMWG-based scaffold for the 3D cell culture presented in this study unlocked the ability to grow spheroids from patient cells to reach personalized therapies by dramatically reducing the variability of the lattice used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar El Hamoui
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Tarek Saydé
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,Université de Limoges, UMR INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Svahn
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Gudin
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Gontier
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Le Coustumer
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France.,Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Verget
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karen Gaudin
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Battu
- Université de Limoges, UMR INSERM 1308 CAPTuR, Faculté de Médecine, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (E2S/UPPA) CNRS UMR 5254, 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Alies
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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29
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Singh B, Avula K, Chatterjee S, Datey A, Ghosh A, De S, Keshry SS, Ghosh S, Suryawanshi AR, Dash R, Senapati S, Beuria TK, Prasad P, Raghav S, Swain R, Parida A, Hussain Syed G, Chattopadhyay S. Isolation and Characterization of Five Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Strains of Different Clades and Lineages Circulating in Eastern India. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856913. [PMID: 35847066 PMCID: PMC9279865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a serious pandemic has altered the global socioeconomic dynamics. The wide prevalence, high death counts, and rapid emergence of new variants urge for the establishment of research infrastructure to facilitate the rapid development of efficient therapeutic modalities and preventive measures. In agreement with this, SARS-CoV-2 strains were isolated from patient swab samples collected during the first COVID-19 wave in Odisha, India. The viral isolates were adapted to in vitro cultures and further characterized to identify strain-specific variations in viral growth characteristics. The neutralization susceptibility of viral isolates to vaccine-induced antibodies was determined using sera from individuals vaccinated in the Government-run vaccine drive in India. The major goal was to isolate and adapt SARS-CoV-2 viruses in cell culture with minimum modifications to facilitate research activities involved in the understanding of the molecular virology, host-virus interactions, drug discovery, and animal challenge models that eventually contribute toward the development of reliable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Singh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kiran Avula
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sanchari Chatterjee
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Ankita Datey
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Saikat De
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Supriya Suman Keshry
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Rupesh Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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30
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Prince T, Dong X, Penrice-Randal R, Randle N, Hartley C, Goldswain H, Jones B, Semple MG, Baillie JK, Openshaw PJM, Turtle L, Hughes GL, Anderson ER, Patterson EI, Druce J, Screaton G, Carroll MW, Stewart JP, Hiscox JA. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Samples from Patients with COVID-19 Illustrates Population Variation and Diverse Phenotypes, Placing the Growth Properties of Variants of Concern in Context with Other Lineages. mSphere 2022; 7:e0091321. [PMID: 35491827 PMCID: PMC9241508 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00913-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are continuing to emerge and dominate the global sequence landscapes. Several variants have been labeled variants of concern (VOCs) because they may have a transmission advantage, increased risk of morbidity and/or mortality, or immune evasion upon a background of prior infection or vaccination. Placing the VOCs in context with the underlying variability of SARS-CoV-2 is essential in understanding virus evolution and selection pressures. Dominant genome sequences and the population genetics of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized patients were characterized. Nonsynonymous changes at a minor variant level were identified. These populations were generally preserved when isolates were amplified in cell culture. To place the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron VOCs in context, their growth was compared to clinical isolates of different lineages from earlier in the pandemic. The data indicated that the growth in cell culture of the Beta variant was more than that of the other variants in Vero E6 cells but not in hACE2-A549 cells. Looking at each time point, Beta grew more than the other VOCs in hACE2-A549 cells at 24 to 48 h postinfection. At 72 h postinfection there was no difference in the growth of any of the variants in either cell line. Overall, this work suggested that exploring the biology of SARS-CoV-2 is complicated by population dynamics and that these need to be considered with new variants. In the context of variation seen in other coronaviruses, the variants currently observed for SARS-CoV-2 are very similar in terms of their clinical spectrum of disease. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. The virus has spread across the planet, causing a global pandemic. In common with other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 genomes can become quite diverse as a consequence of replicating inside cells. This has given rise to multiple variants from the original virus that infected humans. These variants may have different properties and in the context of a widespread vaccination program may render vaccines less effective. Our research confirms the degree of genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in patients. By comparing the growth of previous variants to the pattern seen with four variants of concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron), we show that, at least in cells, Beta variant growth exceeds that of Alpha, Delta, and Omicron VOCs at 24 to 48 h in both Vero E6 and hACE2-A549 cells, but by 72 h postinfection, the amount of virus is not different from that of the other VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Prince
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaofeng Dong
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah Penrice-Randal
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Randle
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hartley
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Goldswain
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G. Semple
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J. Kenneth Baillie
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. M. Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lance Turtle
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Grant L. Hughes
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Enyia R. Anderson
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward I. Patterson
- Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Druce
- Virus Identification Laboratory, Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gavin Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Stewart
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Laboratories (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Patil T, Khot V, Pandey-Tiwari A. Single-step antibiotic-mediated synthesis of kanamycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles for broad-spectrum antibacterial applications. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:913-923. [PMID: 35689349 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Widespread and irrational use of antibiotics results in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is a need to develop novel antibacterial agents in order to replace conventional antibiotics and to increase the efficacy of already existing antibiotics by combining them with other materials. Herein, a single-step antibiotic-mediated synthesis of antibiotic-conjugated gold nanoparticles is reported. In this single-step method antibiotic Kanamycin, an aminoglycoside itself plays the role of reducing as well as capping agent by reducing gold salt into gold nanoparticles. The kanamycin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Kan-AuNPs) were confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and further physico-chemically characterized by various instrumental techniques. Synthesized Kan-AuNPs showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as well as Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strains. They are also found to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients, which are responsible to cause hospital-acquired infections like nosocomial, burn wound and UTIs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Kan-AuNPs is 50 μg ml-1 for S. aureus and E. coli, 125 μg ml-1 for P. aeruginosa and 100 μg ml-1 for E. coli isolated from UTIs patients. It is also evident that the MIC of Kan-AuNPs for antibacterial activity is lower as compared to antibiotic kanamycin alone for all bacterial strains. Hence, the one-step strategy of synthesis for Kan-AuNPs is a suitable strategy for fighting infectious bacterial strains in hospitals, healthcare and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Patil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Khot
- Department of Medical Physics, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Pandey-Tiwari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D.Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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32
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Holtappels R, Podlech J, Freitag K, Lemmermann NA, Reddehase MJ. Memory CD8 T Cells Protect against Cytomegalovirus Disease by Formation of Nodular Inflammatory Foci Preventing Intra-Tissue Virus Spread. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061145. [PMID: 35746617 PMCID: PMC9229300 DOI: 10.3390/v14061145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are controlled by innate and adaptive immune responses in an immunocompetent host while causing multiple organ diseases in an immunocompromised host. A risk group of high clinical relevance comprises transiently immunocompromised recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in the “window of risk” between eradicative therapy of hematopoietic malignancies and complete reconstitution of the immune system. Cellular immunotherapy by adoptive transfer of CMV-specific CD8 T cells is an option to prevent CMV disease by controlling a primary or reactivated infection. While experimental models have revealed a viral epitope-specific antiviral function of cognate CD8 T cells, the site at which control is exerted remained unidentified. The observation that remarkably few transferred cells protect all organs may indicate an early blockade of virus dissemination from a primary site of productive infection to various target organs. Alternatively, it could indicate clonal expansion of a few transferred CD8 T cells for preventing intra-tissue virus spread after successful initial organ colonization. Our data in the mouse model of murine CMV infection provide evidence in support of the second hypothesis. We show that transferred cells vigorously proliferate to prevent virus spread, and thus viral histopathology, by confining and eventually resolving tissue infection within nodular inflammatory foci.
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Yu X, Huang J, Yang T, Fan D. The Growth Behavior for Intermetallic Compounds at the Interface of Aluminum-Steel Weld Joint. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15103563. [PMID: 35629588 PMCID: PMC9147307 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the microstructure and growth behavior of Al-Fe intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which formed at interface of weld steel-aluminum joint, are successfully analyzed via the combination of experiment and physical model. A layer IMCs consists of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13, in which the Fe2Al5 is the main compound in the layer. The IMCs layer thickness increases with the increase of the heat input and the maximum thickness of IMCs layer is 22 ± 2 μm. The high vacancy concentration of Fe2Al5 IMCs provides the diffusion path for Al atoms to migrate through the IMCs layer for growing towards to steel substrate. By using the calculated temperature profiles as inputs, the combined 2D cellular automata (CA)-Monte Carlo (MC) model is applied to simulate the grain distribution and interfacial morphology evolution at the Al-steel interface. This 2D model simulates the IMCs nucleation, growth, and solute redistribution. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results, suggesting that the growth process can be divided four stages, and the thickness of the Fe2Al5 layer increases nonlinearly with the increase of the growth time. The whole nucleation and growth process experienced 1.7~2 s, and the fastest growth rate is 8 μm/s. The addition of Si element will influence diffusion path of Al atom to form different interface morphology. The effects of peak temperature, cooling time, and the thermal gradient on the IMCs thickness are discussed. It shows that the peak temperature has the major influence on the IMCs thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Jiankang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (D.F.)
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Ding Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (D.F.)
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Milinović A, Marušić V, Konjatić P, Berić N. Effect of Carbon Content and Boronizing Parameters on Growth Kinetics of Boride Layers Obtained on Carbon Steels. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1858. [PMID: 35269089 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Boronizing is a thermochemical treatment performed to produce hard and wear-resistant surface layers. In order to control the process and obtain boride layers with the desired properties, it is very important to know how the boronizing parameters and the chemical composition of the treated steel affect the boronizing. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of carbon content in carbon steels, boronizing temperature, and boronizing duration on the growth kinetics of boride layers. For this purpose, three carbon steels (C1y5, C45, and C70W2) were boronized in solid medium. The experimental results show that there is a linear relationship between the carbon content and the activation energy values, and between the carbon content and the frequency factors. In addition, a statistical analysis was performed to determine the contribution of each factor. The ANOVA showed that boronizing temperature has the highest effect on the boride layer thickness, followed by the boronizing duration, while the carbon content of the steel has the least effect on the boride layer thickness. Based on a regression model, an empirical equation was derived to estimate the thickness of the boride layer on carbon steels as a function of carbon content, boronizing temperature, and duration.
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35
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Korozi E, Tsagou V, Kefalogianni I, Markou G, Antonopoulos D, Chakalis L, Kotzamanis Y, Chatzipavlidis I. Continuous Culture of Auxenochlorella protothecoides on Biodiesel Derived Glycerol under Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions: Growth Parameters and Biochemical Composition. Microorganisms 2022; 10:541. [PMID: 35336116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As crude glycerol comprises a potential substrate for microalga fermentation and value added products’ biosynthesis, Auxenochlorella protothecoides was grown on it under heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions and its growth kinetics were evaluated in a continuous system under steady state conditions. Increasing initial glycerol concentration (from 30 to 50 g/L) in the heterotrophic culture led to reduced biomass yield (Yx/S) and productivity (Px), but favored lipid accumulation. Under heterotrophic conditions, the microalga was found to grow better (biomass up to 7.888 g/L) and faster (higher growth rates), the system functioned more effectively (higher Px) and crude glycerol was exploited more efficiently. Heterotrophy also favored proteins synthesis (up to 53%), lipids (up to 9.8%), and carbohydrates (up to 44.6%) accumulation. However, different trophic modes had no significant impact on the consistency of proteins and lipids. Oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid detected (55–61.2% of the total lipids). The algal biomass contained many essential and non-essential amino acids, especially arginine, glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, leucine, and alanine. In all the experimental trials, the protein contents in the microalgal biomass increased with the increasing dilution rate (D), with a concomitant decrease in the lipids and carbohydrates fractions.
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Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with different halide ions can lead to color-tunable emissions in visible window with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yields. Extensive research has been carried out for optimizing the synthesis of these nanocrystals for the last 6 years, and thousands of research papers have been reported. However, due to the ionic nature, these nanocrystals formed instantaneously and hence, their growth kinetics could not be established yet. In most of the reactions, the formation mechanism typically followed one reaction for one size or shape principle, and their dimension tuning was achieved predominantly with thermodynamic control. There is no clear evidence yet on the decoupling growth from nucleations and monitoring their growth kinetics. Hence, the progress of understanding the fundamentals of crystal growth faced road blocks for these halide perovskite nanocrystals. Keeping eyes on all such reports on one reaction for one size and one reaction for tunable size of the most widely studied CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, in this perspective, details of their size tunability are analyzed and reported. In addition, comparison of the classical mechanism, obstacles for establishing secondary growth, and possible road maps for controlling the kinetic parameters of formation of these nanocrystals are also discussed.
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37
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Platania V, Kaldeli-Kerou A, Karamanidou T, Kouki M, Tsouknidas A, Chatzinikolaidou M. Antibacterial Effect of Colloidal Suspensions Varying in Silver Nanoparticles and Ions Concentrations. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 35009981 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A lot of effort has been dedicated recently to provide a better insight into the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) colloidal suspensions and their released silver ionic counterparts. However, there is no consistency regarding whether the antibacterial effect displayed at cellular level originates from the AgNPs or their ionic constitutes. To address this issue, three colloidal suspensions exhibiting different ratios of AgNPs/silver ions were synthesized by a wet chemistry method in conjunction with tangential flow filtration, and were characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against two gram-negative, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and two gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), bacterial strains. The produced samples contained 25% AgNPs and 75% Ag ions (AgNP_25), 50% AgNPs and 50% Ag ions (AgNP_50), and 100% AgNPs (AgNP_100). The sample AgNP_100 demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 4.6 to 15.6 ppm for all four bacterial strains, while all three samples indicated minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 16.6 ppm to 62.5 ppm against all strains. An increase in silver ions content results in higher bactericidal activity. All three samples were found to lead to a significant morphological damage by disruption of the bacterial cell membranes as analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The growth kinetics demonstrated that all three samples were able to reduce the bacterial population at a concentration of 3.1 ppm. SEM and growth kinetic data underline that S. epidermidis is the most sensitive among all strains against the investigated samples. Our results showed that all three AgNPs colloidal suspensions exhibited strong antibacterial properties and, thus, they can be applied in medical devices and antimicrobial control systems.
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Gensch M, Schwartzkopf M, Brett CJ, Schaper SJ, Li N, Chen W, Liang S, Drewes J, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Müller-Buschbaum P, Roth SV. Correlating Optical Reflectance with the Topology of Aluminum Nanocluster Layers Growing on Partially Conjugated Diblock Copolymer Templates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:56663-56673. [PMID: 34788001 PMCID: PMC8640968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale fabrication of metal cluster layers for usage in sensor applications and photovoltaics is a huge challenge. Physical vapor deposition offers large-scale fabrication of metal cluster layers on templates and polymer surfaces. In the case of aluminum (Al), only little is known about the formation and interaction of Al clusters during sputter deposition. Complex polymer surface morphologies can tailor the deposited Al cluster layer. Here, a poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) (PMMA-b-P3HT) diblock copolymer template is used to investigate the nanostructure formation of Al cluster layers on the different polymer domains and to compare it with the respective homopolymers PMMA and P3HT. The optical properties relevant for sensor applications are monitored with ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) measurements during the sputter deposition. The formation of Al clusters is followed in situ with grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), and the chemical interaction is revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) yield topographical information about selective wetting of Al on the P3HT domains and embedding in the PMMA domains in the early stages, followed by four distinct growth stages describing the Al nanostructure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gensch
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Calvin J. Brett
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen
8, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen
56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon J. Schaper
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nian Li
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Suzhe Liang
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonas Drewes
- Lehrstuhl
für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Gordon
Lab, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5080, United States
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Lehrstuhl
für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Lehrstuhl
für Materialverbunde, Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr.2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz-Maier-Leibniz
Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Panikov NS. Genome-Scale Reconstruction of Microbial Dynamic Phenotype: Successes and Challenges. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2352. [PMID: 34835477 PMCID: PMC8621822 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is a part of the SI 'Genome-Scale Modeling of Microorganisms in the Real World'. The goal of GEM is the accurate prediction of the phenotype from its respective genotype under specified environmental conditions. This review focuses on the dynamic phenotype; prediction of the real-life behaviors of microorganisms, such as cell proliferation, dormancy, and mortality; balanced and unbalanced growth; steady-state and transient processes; primary and secondary metabolism; stress responses; etc. Constraint-based metabolic reconstructions were successfully started two decades ago as FBA, followed by more advanced models, but this review starts from the earlier nongenomic predecessors to show that some GEMs inherited the outdated biokinetic frameworks compromising their performances. The most essential deficiencies are: (i) an inadequate account of environmental conditions, such as various degrees of nutrients limitation and other factors shaping phenotypes; (ii) a failure to simulate the adaptive changes of MMCC (MacroMolecular Cell Composition) in response to the fluctuating environment; (iii) the misinterpretation of the SGR (Specific Growth Rate) as either a fixed constant parameter of the model or independent factor affecting the conditional expression of macromolecules; (iv) neglecting stress resistance as an important objective function; and (v) inefficient experimental verification of GEM against simple growth (constant MMCC and SGR) data. Finally, we propose several ways to improve GEMs, such as replacing the outdated Monod equation with the SCM (Synthetic Chemostat Model) that establishes the quantitative relationships between primary and secondary metabolism, growth rate and stress resistance, process kinetics, and cell composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai S Panikov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Temperature-Dependent Growth of 36 Inner Nanotubes inside Nickelocene, Cobaltocene and Ferrocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2984. [PMID: 34835748 PMCID: PMC8618258 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of temperature, diameter and metal catalyst type on the growth of inner nanotubes inside metallocene-filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The effects on the yield of different chiralities of inner nanotubes were scrutinized by multifrequency Raman spectroscopy. The investigated diameters range from ~0.7 to 1.3 nm and comprise 36 distinct chiralities. For all three investigated metals (Ni, Co, Fe), there is a linear correlation of growth temperature with nanotube diameter. The common slope for these metals is found to be 40.5 °C/Å. The temperature difference between the largest and the smallest diameter tubes amounts to ~230 °C for all three precursors. The growth temperatures are offset by 34 °C from Ni to Co and another 28 °C from Co to Fe. The quantified correlations of temperature, diameter and metal catalyst type provide the basis for engineering the diameter-specific growth of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Tarlak F, Pérez-Rodríguez F. Development and validation of a one-step modelling approach for the determination of chicken meat shelf-life based on the growth kinetics of Pseudomonas spp. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2021; 28:672-682. [PMID: 34726103 DOI: 10.1177/10820132211049616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage temperature on aerobically stored chicken meat spoilage using the two-step and one-step modelling approaches involving different primary models namely the modified Gompertz, logistic, Baranyi and Huang models. For this purpose, growth data points of Pseudomonas spp. were collected from published studies conducted in aerobically stored chicken meat product. Temperature-dependent kinetic parameters (maximum specific growth rate 'µmax' and lag phase duration 'λ') were described as a function of storage temperature through the Ratkowsky model based on the different primary models. Then, the fitting capability of both modelling approaches was compared taking into account root mean square error, adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted-R2) and corrected Akaike information criterion. The one-step modelling approach showed considerably improved fitting capability regardless of the used primary model. Finally, models developed from the one-step modelling approach were validated for the maximum growth rate data extracted from independent published literature using the statistical indexes Bias (Bf) and Accuracy (Af) factors. The best prediction capability was obtained for the Baranyi model with Bf and Af being very close to 1. The shelf-life of chicken meat as a function of storage temperature was predicted using both modelling approaches for the Baranyi model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tarlak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 256756Istanbul Gedik University, Turkey
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Nißl L, Westhaeuser F, Noll M. Antimycotic Effects of 11 Essential Oil Components and Their Combinations on 13 Food Spoilage Yeasts and Molds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:872. [PMID: 34682293 PMCID: PMC8537543 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is important to reduce food spoilage microorganisms and foodborne pathogens. However, food safety is challenging, as customers' demand for natural preservatives is increasing. Essential oils (EOs) and their components (EOCs) are alternative antibacterial and antimycotic food additives. In this study, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 11 different EOCs against 13 food spoilage molds and yeasts were investigated via the microdilution method. Cinnamaldehyde (CA) revealed the lowest MIC for all tested strains and all EOCs (32.81-328.1 µg ml-1). However, CA is organoleptic and was therefore combined with other EOCs via the checkerboard method. Overall, 27 out of 91 combinations showed a synergistic effect, and both respective EOC concentrations could be reduced by maintaining MIC. Thereby, the combination with citral or citronellal showed promising results. The concentration-dependent effect of CA was studied in further detail on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with CA causing delayed growth-kinetics and reduced total cell numbers. In addition, flow cytometric measurements combined with live-dead staining indicate the fungicidal effect of CA, due to decreasing total cell numbers and increasing relative amount of propidium iodide-positive cells. In this study, we demonstrated that CA is a potent candidate for the use as a natural preservative against food-relevant mold and yeasts showing fungistatic and fungicidal effects. Therefore, CA and EOC combinations with respective lower EOC concentrations reduce organoleptic reservations, which ease their application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias Noll
- Department of Applied Sciences, Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany; (L.N.); (F.W.)
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Babin HG, Ritzmann J, Bart N, Schmidt M, Kruck T, Zhai L, Löbl MC, Nguyen GN, Spinnler C, Ranasinghe L, Warburton RJ, Heyn C, Wieck AD, Ludwig A. Charge Tunable GaAs Quantum Dots in a Photonic n-i-p Diode. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2703. [PMID: 34685139 PMCID: PMC8537184 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this submission, we discuss the growth of charge-controllable GaAs quantum dots embedded in an n-i-p diode structure, from the perspective of a molecular beam epitaxy grower. The QDs show no blinking and narrow linewidths. We show that the parameters used led to a bimodal growth mode of QDs resulting from low arsenic surface coverage. We identify one of the modes as that showing good properties found in previous work. As the morphology of the fabricated QDs does not hint at outstanding properties, we attribute the good performance of this sample to the low impurity levels in the matrix material and the ability of n- and p-doped contact regions to stabilize the charge state. We present the challenges met in characterizing the sample with ensemble photoluminescence spectroscopy caused by the photonic structure used. We show two straightforward methods to overcome this hurdle and gain insight into QD emission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Georg Babin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Julian Ritzmann
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Nikolai Bart
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Marcel Schmidt
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Timo Kruck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Liang Zhai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Matthias C. Löbl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Giang N. Nguyen
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Clemens Spinnler
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Leonardo Ranasinghe
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany; (L.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Richard J. Warburton
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (L.Z.); (M.C.L.); (G.N.N.); (C.S.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Christian Heyn
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany; (L.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Andreas D. Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, DE-44801 Bochum, Germany; (J.R.); (N.B.); (M.S.); (T.K.); (A.D.W.); (A.L.)
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Metal Cluster Size-Dependent Activation Energies of Growth of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11102649. [PMID: 34685090 PMCID: PMC8539448 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
By combining in situ annealing and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the growth dynamics of nine individual-chirality inner tubes (8,8), (12,3), (13,1), (9,6), (10,4), (11,2), (11,1), (9,3) and (9,2) with diameters from ~0.8 to 1.1 nm are monitored using a time resolution of several minutes. The growth mechanism of inner tubes implies two successive stages of the growth on the carburized and purely metallic catalytic particles, respectively, which are formed as a result of the thermally induced decomposition of metallocenes inside the outer SWCNTs. The activation energies of the growth on carburized Ni and Co catalytic particles amount to 1.85–2.57 eV and 1.80–2.71 eV, respectively. They decrease monotonically as the tube diameter decreases, independent of the metal type. The activation energies of the growth on purely metallic Ni and Co particles equal 1.49–1.91 eV and 0.77–1.79 eV, respectively. They increase as the tube diameter decreases. The activation energies of the growth of large-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.95–1.10 nm) on Ni catalyst are significantly larger than on Co catalyst, whereas the values of small-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.80–0.95 nm) are similar. For both metals, no dependence of the activation energies on the chirality of inner tubes is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Tan L, Wang X, Li R, Kim DY. Complete genetic dissection and cell type-specific replication of old world alphaviruses, getah virus (GETV) and sagiyama virus (SAGV). J Microbiol 2021; 59:1044-55. [PMID: 34570337 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV), which was first isolated in Malaysia in 1955, and Sagiyama virus (SAGV), isolated in Japan in 1956, are members of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. It is a consensus view that SAGV is a variant of GETV. In the present study, we determined the complete sequences of the prototype GETV MM2021 and SAGV M6-Mag132 genomic RNA extracted from plaque-purified viruses. The MM2021 genome was 11,692 nucleotides (nt) in length in the absence of 3' poly(A) tail, and the length of M6-Mag132 genome was 11,698 nt. Through sequence alignment of MM2021 and M6-Mag132, we located all the amino acid differences between these two strains, which were scattered in all the encoded proteins. Subsequently, we validated the close evolutionary relationship between GETV and SAGV by constructing phylogenetic trees based on either complete genomes or structural genomes. We eventually analyzed the growth kinetics of GETV and SAGV as well as other representative alphaviruses in various mammalian and insect cell lines. It was shown that human-oriented cell lines such as HEK-293T and Hela cells were relatively resistant to GETV and SAGV infection due to absence of proviral factors or species-specific barrier. On the other hand, both GETV and SAGV replicated efficiently in non-human cell lines. Our results provide essential genetic information for future epidemiological surveillance on Alphaviruses and lay the foundation for developing effective interventions against GETV and SAGV.
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Abstract
The pH of skin is critical for skin health and resilience and plays a key role in controlling the skin microbiome. It has been well reported that under dysbiotic conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD), eczema, etc. there are significant aberrations of skin pH, along with a higher level of Staphylococcus aureus compared to the commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis on skin. To understand the effect of pH on the relative growth of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, we carried out simple in vitro growth kinetic studies of the individual microbes under varying pH conditions. We demonstrated that the growth kinetics of S. epidermidis is relatively insensitive to pH within the range of 5-7, while S. aureus shows a stronger pH dependence in that range. Gompertz's model was used to fit the pH dependence of the growth kinetics of the two bacteria and showed that the equilibrium bacterial count of S. aureus was the more sensitive parameter. The switch in growth rate happens at a pH of 6.5-7. Our studies are in line with the general hypothesis that keeping the skin pH within an acidic range is advantageous in terms of keeping the skin microbiome in balance and maintaining healthy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Iyer
- Unilever R&D, 64 Whitefield Main Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Janhavi Raut
- Unilever R&D, 64 Whitefield Main Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Anindya Dasgupta
- Unilever R&D, 64 Whitefield Main Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560066, India
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Ansari Dezfoli AR, Lo YL, Raza MM. Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185202. [PMID: 34576428 PMCID: PMC8469922 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) components are fundamentally dependent on their microstructure. Accordingly, the present study proposes an integrated simulation framework consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model and a cellular automaton model for predicting the epitaxial grain growth mode in the single-track SLM processing of IN718. The laser beam scattering effect, melt surface evolution, powder volume shrinkage, bulk heterogeneous nucleation, epitaxial growth, and initial microstructure of the substrate are considered. The simulation results show that during single-track SLM processing, coarse epitaxial grains are formed at the melt-substrate interface, while fine grains grow at the melt-powder interface with a density determined by the intensity of the heat input. During the solidification stage, the epitaxial grains and bulk nucleated grains grow toward the top surface of the melt pool along the temperature gradient vectors. The rate of the epitaxial grain growth varies as a function of the orientation and size of the partially melted grains at the melt-substrate boundary, the melt pool size, and the temperature gradient. This is observed that by increasing heat input from 250 J/m to 500 J/m, the average grain size increases by ~20%. In addition, the average grain size reduces by 17% when the initial substrate grain size decreases by 50%. In general, the results show that the microstructure of the processed IN718 alloy can be controlled by adjusting the heat input, preheating conditions, and initial substrate grain size.
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Islam Chowdhury MM, Nakhla G. Anammox enrichment: impact of sludge retention time on nitrogen removal. Environ Technol 2021; 43:1-12. [PMID: 34240682 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1951846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of anammox bacteria has long been considered to be time-consuming because of the slow growth rate. This study evaluated the impact of sludge retention time (SRT) on the enrichment of anammox bacteria with a focus on nitrogen removal and specific anammox activity (SAA) in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). A total of eight different SRTs in the range of 30-1280 days at nitrogen loading rates (NLR) range from 12.1 to 122.1 mg/L-d were used to evaluate the anammox activity. SAA was negligible during the first 105 days due to denitrification and continued to increase thereafter to peak at 0.22 g N/g VSS-d on day 530 as the solids and hydraulic retention times (SRT and HRT) decreased from 120 to 80 days and 10 to 2 days, respectively. The stability of SAA (0.21 ± 0.02 g N/g VSS-d) from day 503 to day 670 indicates that anammox bacteria should be enriched at SRTs ranging from 30 to 80 days and NLR of 122.1 mg N/L-d. Moreover, the SBR achieved a maximum nitrogen removal efficiency of 86.6% at an SRT of 30 days and an NLR of 122 mg/L-d. Microbial analysis indicated that the two most abundant microorganisms accounting for 48% of the bacterial population are Anammoxoglobus followed by the heterotrophic denitrifier Rhizobiales. The maximum specific growth rate (was estimated as 0.062 d-1, consistent with typical of 0.057 d-1. The average first-order decay rate was estimated as 0.008 d-1, and the half-saturation constants (ks) averaged 16.2 mg NH4-N/L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Nakhla
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Kim TH, Zhao H, Ong PV, Jensen BA, Cui B, King AH, Ke L, Zhou L. Kinetics of Magnetic Skyrmion Crystal Formation from the Conical Phase. Nano Lett 2021; 21:5547-5554. [PMID: 34185540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The particle-like magnetic skyrmion or skyrmion lattice (SkX) formation has promoted strong application and fundamental science interests. Despite extensive research, the kinetic of the SkX development is much less understood because of the ultrafast spin rotation and high sensitivity to external perturbations. Here, using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we successfully measured the dynamics of SkX formation from the conical phase with precise control of both the temperature and the magnetic field. We discovered that the Avrami equation can accurately describe the transition process with an initial Avrami constant around 1, suggesting that the rate-limiting step for the quasiparticle lattice formation is one-dimensional heterogeneous nucleation of individual skyrmions. A modified Arrhenius rate law is established, with an energy barrier that has a square-root dependence on temperature and a quadratic dependence on the magnetic field. This study paves the way toward precise and predictable manipulation of topological spin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Haijun Zhao
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Phuong-Vu Ong
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Brandt A Jensen
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Baozhi Cui
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alexander H King
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Liqin Ke
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Veshareh MJ, Nick HM. A novel relationship for the maximum specific growth rate of a microbial guild. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6293845. [PMID: 34089333 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major parameters that characterizes the kinetics of microbial processes is the maximum specific growth rate. The maximum specific growth rate for a single microorganism (${\mu _{max}}$) is fairly constant. However, a certain microbial process is typically catalyzed by a group of microorganisms (guild) that have various ${\mu _{max}}$ values. In many occasions, it is not feasible to breakdown a guild into its constituent microorganisms. Therefore, it is a common practice to assume a constant maximum specific growth rate for the guild ($\acute{\mu}_{max}$) and determine its value by fitting experimental data. This assumption is valid for natural environments, where microbial guilds are stabilized and dominated by microorganisms that grow optimally in those environments' conditions. However, a change in an environment's conditions will trigger a community shift by favoring some of the microorganisms. This shift leads to a variable ${\acute{\mu}_{max}}$ as long as substrate availability is significantly higher than substrate affinity constant. In this work, it is illustrated that the assumption of constant ${\acute{\mu}_{max}}$ may underestimate or overestimate microbial growth. To circumvent this, a novel relationship that characterizes changes in ${\acute{\mu}_{max}}$ under abundant nutrient availability is proposed. The proposed relationship is evaluated for various random microbial guilds in batch experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Jahanbani Veshareh
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, 375 Elektrovej, DK-2800 kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hamidreza M Nick
- Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre, Technical University of Denmark, 375 Elektrovej, DK-2800 kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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