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Li T, Peiris CR, Aragonès AC, Hurtado C, Kicic A, Ciampi S, MacGregor M, Darwish T, Darwish N. Terminal Deuterium Atoms Protect Silicon from Oxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47833-47844. [PMID: 37768872 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the hybrid silicon-molecular electronics technology has been gaining significant attention for applications in sensors, photovoltaics, power generation, and molecular electronics devices. However, Si-H surfaces, which are the platforms on which these devices are formed, are prone to oxidation, compromising the mechanical and electronic stability of the devices. Here, we show that when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium, the Si-D surface becomes significantly more resistant to oxidation when either positive or negative voltages are applied to the Si surface. Si-D surfaces are more resistant to oxidation, and their current-voltage characteristics are more stable than those measured on Si-H surfaces. At positive voltages, the Si-D stability appears to be related to the flat band potential of Si-D being more positive compared to Si-H surfaces, making Si-D surfaces less attractive to oxidizing OH- ions. The limited oxidation of Si-D surfaces at negative potentials is interpreted by the frequencies of the Si-D bending modes being coupled to that of the bulk Si surface phonon modes, which would make the duration of the Si-D excited vibrational state significantly less than that of Si-H. The strong surface isotope effect has implications in the design of silicon-based sensing, molecular electronics, and power-generation devices and the interpretation of charge transfer across them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Chandramalika R Peiris
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Albert C Aragonès
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Hurtado
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Tamim Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Yu Z, Jia J, Qu X, Wang Q, Kang W, Liu B, Xiao Q, Gao T, Xie Q. Tunable Resistive Switching Behaviors and Mechanism of the W/ZnO/ITO Memory Cell. Molecules 2023; 28:5313. [PMID: 37513193 PMCID: PMC10385145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile sol-gel spin coating method has been proposed for the synthesis of spin-coated ZnO nanofilms on ITO substrates. The as-prepared ZnO-nanofilm-based W/ZnO/ITO memory cell showed forming-free and tunable nonvolatile multilevel resistive switching behaviors with a high resistance ratio of about two orders of magnitude, which can be maintained for over 103 s and without evident deterioration. The tunable nonvolatile multilevel resistive switching phenomena were achieved by modulating the different set voltages of the W/ZnO/ITO memory cell. In addition, the tunable nonvolatile resistive switching behaviors of the ZnO-nanofilm-based W/ZnO/ITO memory cell can be interpreted by the partial formation and rupture of conductive nanofilaments modified by the oxygen vacancies. This work demonstrates that the ZnO-nanofilm-based W/ZnO/ITO memory cell may be a potential candidate for future high-density, nonvolatile, memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Yu
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
- Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinhao Jia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Xinru Qu
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Qingcheng Wang
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Wenbo Kang
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Baosheng Liu
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Qingquan Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tinghong Gao
- Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Institute of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zahoor F, Hussin FA, Isyaku UB, Gupta S, Khanday FA, Chattopadhyay A, Abbas H. Resistive random access memory: introduction to device mechanism, materials and application to neuromorphic computing. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:36. [PMID: 37382679 PMCID: PMC10409712 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The modern-day computing technologies are continuously undergoing a rapid changing landscape; thus, the demands of new memory types are growing that will be fast, energy efficient and durable. The limited scaling capabilities of the conventional memory technologies are pushing the limits of data-intense applications beyond the scope of silicon-based complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS). Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is one of the most suitable emerging memory technologies candidates that have demonstrated potential to replace state-of-the-art integrated electronic devices for advanced computing and digital and analog circuit applications including neuromorphic networks. RRAM has grown in prominence in the recent years due to its simple structure, long retention, high operating speed, ultra-low-power operation capabilities, ability to scale to lower dimensions without affecting the device performance and the possibility of three-dimensional integration for high-density applications. Over the past few years, research has shown RRAM as one of the most suitable candidates for designing efficient, intelligent and secure computing system in the post-CMOS era. In this manuscript, the journey and the device engineering of RRAM with a special focus on the resistive switching mechanism are detailed. This review also focuses on the RRAM based on two-dimensional (2D) materials, as 2D materials offer unique electrical, chemical, mechanical and physical properties owing to their ultrathin, flexible and multilayer structure. Finally, the applications of RRAM in the field of neuromorphic computing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan Zahoor
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fawnizu Azmadi Hussin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Usman Bature Isyaku
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Shagun Gupta
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Khanday
- Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Anupam Chattopadhyay
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haider Abbas
- Division of Material Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Dou G, Zhang Y, Yang H, Han M, Guo M, Gai W. RC Bridge Oscillation Memristor Chaotic Circuit for Electrical and Electronic Technology Extended Simulation Experiment. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:410. [PMID: 36838110 PMCID: PMC9967385 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fourth basic circuit component, the memristor, has been proposed for a long time, but it is not mentioned in the experiment teaching system of Electrical and Electronic Technology. In this paper, an RC bridge oscillation chaotic circuit based on memristor is designed to solve this problem. The dynamical behavior of the circuit system is analyzed using Lyapunov exponents spectrum, bifurcation diagram, phase portrait and Poincaré map. A series of complex dynamical behaviors such as symmetric single-scroll coexistence, asymmetrical single-scroll coexistence, symmetric double-scroll coexistence and asymmetrical limit-cycle coexistence exist in the circuit system. This research plays a critical role in enriching students' knowledge and improving the experiment teaching system of Electrical and Electronic Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Dou
- The College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yongcheng Zhang
- The College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Hai Yang
- The College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Mingqiao Han
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Mei Guo
- The College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Wendong Gai
- The College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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De Sousa JA, Pfattner R, Gutiérrez D, Jutglar K, Bromley ST, Veciana J, Rovira C, Mas-Torrent M, Fabre B, Crivillers N. Stable Organic Radical for Enhancing Metal-Monolayer-Semiconductor Junction Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4635-4642. [PMID: 36642951 PMCID: PMC9949700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of monolayers based on an organic radical and its diamagnetic counterpart has been pursued on hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces. The functional monolayers have been investigated as solid-state metal/monolayer/semiconductor (MmS) junctions showing a characteristic diode behavior which is tuned by the electronic characteristics of the organic molecule. The eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal is used as a top electrode to perform the transport measurements and the results clearly indicate that the SOMO-SUMO molecular orbitals impact the device performance. The junction incorporating the radical shows an almost two orders of magnitude higher rectification ratio (R(|J1V/J-1V|) = 104.04) in comparison with the nonradical one (R(|J1V/J-1V|) = 102.30). The high stability of the fabricated MmS allows the system to be interrogated under irradiation, evidencing that at the wavelength where the photon energy is close to the band gap of the radical there is a clear enhancement of the photoresponse. This is translated into an increase of the photosensitivity (Sph) value from 68.7 to 269.0 mA/W for the nonradical and radical based systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alejandro De Sousa
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, 5101 Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Raphael Pfattner
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Kilian Jutglar
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan T. Bromley
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física &
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB, CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, Bellaterra 081093, Spain
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Zhao Z, Soni S, Lee T, Nijhuis CA, Xiang D. Smart Eutectic Gallium-Indium: From Properties to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203391. [PMID: 36036771 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), a liquid metal with a melting point close to or below room temperature, has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its excellent properties such as fluidity, high conductivity, thermal conductivity, stretchability, self-healing capability, biocompatibility, and recyclability. These features of EGaIn can be adjusted by changing the experimental condition, and various composite materials with extended properties can be further obtained by mixing EGaIn with other materials. In this review, not only the are unique properties of EGaIn introduced, but also the working principles for the EGaIn-based devices are illustrated and the developments of EGaIn-related techniques are summarized. The applications of EGaIn in various fields, such as flexible electronics (sensors, antennas, electronic circuits), molecular electronics (molecular memory, opto-electronic switches, or reconfigurable junctions), energy catalysis (heat management, motors, generators, batteries), biomedical science (drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging and neural interfaces) are reviewed. Finally, a critical discussion of the main challenges for the development of EGaIn-based techniques are discussed, and the potential applications in new fields are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Zojer E, Zharnikov M. Sweep-Character-Dependent Switching of the Conductance State in Ferrocene-Substituted Thiofluorene Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52499-52507. [PMID: 36355841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ferrocene-substituted thiofluorene on Au(111) exhibit two distinct conductance states (CSs) in two-terminal junctions featuring a sharp tip of eutectic GaIn as the top electrode. The occurrence of these states and the resulting effective rectification by the SAM depend on the way the bias voltage is swept; when the junction is only negatively biased, the original, high CS is preserved, whereas the junction is switched to a low CS when applying only positive biases. This results in an exceptionally high effective rectification ratio (RR) of ∼2100 already at voltages as low as 0.1 V. In contrast, when sweeping the junction alternatingly to the maximum positive and negative bias voltages (as usually performed in the literature), fully symmetric J-V curves are observed. That is, for the present SAM, rectification disappears, and the effective RR is ≈1. It is noteworthy that whether the junction in these symmetric sweeps is in the high or low CS depends on the polarity of the first sweep. We attribute the occurrence of the two CSs to a (quasi) non-reversible oxidation of the ferrocenes in combination with structural changes in the monolayer geometry. The observed sweeping dependence of the conductivity switching is an additional parameter that needs to be considered when interpreting experimental J-V curves, especially when dealing with redox-active systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbiao Liu
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Suman S, Kushwaha AK. Densely packed Ga2O3 nanostructured film via pH-controlled crystal growth and memristive properties. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ma Z, Ge J, Chen W, Cao X, Diao S, Liu Z, Pan S. Reliable Memristor Based on Ultrathin Native Silicon Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21207-21216. [PMID: 35476399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Memristors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials can exhibit great scalability and ultralow power consumption, yet the structural and thickness inhomogeneity of ultrathin electrolytes lowers the production yield and reliability of devices. Here, we report that the self-limiting amorphous SiOx (∼2.7 nm) provides a perfect atomically thin electrolyte with high uniformity, featuring a record high production yield. With the guidance of physical modeling, we reveal that the atomic thickness of SiOx enables anomalous resistive switching with a transition to an analog quasi-reset mode, where the filament stability can be further enhanced using Ag-Au nanocomposite electrodes. Such a picojoule memristor shows record low switching variabilities (C2C and D2D variation down to 1.1 and 2.6%, respectively), good retention at a few microsiemens, and high conductance-updating linearity, constituting key metrics for analog neural networks. In addition, the stable high-resistance state is found to be an excellent source for true random numbers of Gaussian distribution. This work opens up opportunities in mass production of Si-compatible memristors for ultradense neuromorphic and security hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Ma
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Solid State Physics & Material Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Solid State Physics & Material Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xucheng Cao
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Shanqing Diao
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Solid State Physics & Material Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shusheng Pan
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Solid State Physics & Material Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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