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Almutlaq J, Liu Y, Mir WJ, Sabatini RP, Englund D, Bakr OM, Sargent EH. Engineering colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals for quantum information processing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01606-4. [PMID: 38514820 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Quantum information processing-which relies on spin defects or single-photon emission-has shown quantum advantage in proof-of-principle experiments including microscopic imaging of electromagnetic fields, strain and temperature in applications ranging from battery research to neuroscience. However, critical gaps remain on the path to wider applications, including a need for improved functionalization, deterministic placement, size homogeneity and greater programmability of multifunctional properties. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals can close these gaps in numerous application areas, following years of rapid advances in synthesis and functionalization. In this Review, we specifically focus on three key topics: optical interfaces to long-lived spin states, deterministic placement and delivery for sensing beyond the standard quantum limit, and extensions to multifunctional colloidal quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Almutlaq
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wasim J Mir
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Randy P Sabatini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Adambukulam C, Johnson BC, Morello A, Laucht A. Hyperfine Spectroscopy and Fast, All-Optical Arbitrary State Initialization and Readout of a Single, Ten-Level ^{73}Ge Vacancy Nuclear Spin Qudit in Diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060603. [PMID: 38394595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A high-spin nucleus coupled to a color center can act as a long-lived memory qudit in a spin-photon interface. The germanium vacancy (GeV) in diamond has attracted recent attention due to its excellent spectral properties and provides access to the ten-dimensional Hilbert space of the I=9/2 ^{73}Ge nucleus. Here, we observe the ^{73}GeV hyperfine structure, perform nuclear spin readout, and optically initialize the ^{73}Ge spin into any eigenstate on a μs timescale and with a fidelity of up to ∼84%. Our results establish ^{73}GeV as an optically addressable high-spin quantum platform for a high-efficiency spin-photon interface as well as for foundational quantum physics and metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adambukulam
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - B C Johnson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - A Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - A Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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Sutula M, Christen I, Bersin E, Walsh MP, Chen KC, Mallek J, Melville A, Titze M, Bielejec ES, Hamilton S, Braje D, Dixon PB, Englund DR. Large-scale optical characterization of solid-state quantum emitters. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1338-1344. [PMID: 37604910 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters have emerged as a leading quantum memory for quantum networking applications. However, standard optical characterization techniques are neither efficient nor repeatable at scale. Here we introduce and demonstrate spectroscopic techniques that enable large-scale, automated characterization of colour centres. We first demonstrate the ability to track colour centres by registering them to a fabricated machine-readable global coordinate system, enabling a systematic comparison of the same colour centre sites over many experiments. We then implement resonant photoluminescence excitation in a widefield cryogenic microscope to parallelize resonant spectroscopy, achieving two orders of magnitude speed-up over confocal microscopy. Finally, we demonstrate automated chip-scale characterization of colour centres and devices at room temperature, imaging thousands of microscope fields of view. These tools will enable the accelerated identification of useful quantum emitters at chip scale, enabling advances in scaling up colour centre platforms for quantum information applications, materials science and device design and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Sutula
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ian Christen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Bersin
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin C Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin Mallek
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Melville
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Hamilton
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Braje
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - P Benjamin Dixon
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Dirk R Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Chakravarthi S, Yama NS, Abulnaga A, Huang D, Pederson C, Hestroffer K, Hatami F, de Leon NP, Fu KMC. Hybrid Integration of GaP Photonic Crystal Cavities with Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond by Stamp-Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3708-3715. [PMID: 37096913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optically addressable solid-state defects are emerging as some of the most promising qubit platforms for quantum networks. Maximizing photon-defect interaction by nanophotonic cavity coupling is key to network efficiency. We demonstrate fabrication of gallium phosphide 1-D photonic crystal waveguide cavities on a silicon oxide carrier and subsequent integration with implanted silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers in diamond using a stamp-transfer technique. The stamping process avoids diamond etching and allows fine-tuning of the cavities prior to integration. After transfer to diamond, we measure cavity quality factors (Q) of up to 8900 and perform resonant excitation of single SiV centers coupled to these cavities. For a cavity with a Q of 4100, we observe a 3-fold lifetime reduction on-resonance, corresponding to a maximum potential cooperativity of C = 2. These results indicate promise for high photon-defect interaction in a platform which avoids fabrication of the quantum defect host crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsa Chakravarthi
- University of Washington, Physics Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Nicholas S Yama
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Alex Abulnaga
- Princeton University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ding Huang
- Princeton University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Christian Pederson
- University of Washington, Physics Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Karine Hestroffer
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Fariba Hatami
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Nathalie P de Leon
- Princeton University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Kai-Mei C Fu
- University of Washington, Physics Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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