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Bhattacharjee K, Vaidya SS, Pathak T, Shimpi JR, Prasad BLV. Topological phases in nanoparticle monolayers: can crystalline, hexatic, and isotropic-fluid phases coexist in the same monolayer? SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7271-7280. [PMID: 37746757 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Topological phases are stable configurations of matter in 2-dimensions (2D) formed via spontaneous symmetry breaking. These play a crucial role in determining the system properties. Though a number of fundamental studies on topological phase transitions and topological defect dynamics have been conducted with model colloidal systems (typically microns in size), the same is lacking on nanoparticle monolayers (NPMLs, typically made of ligand-coated sub-ten nanometer particles). Here, we show that in an evaporation-driven self-assembly process, the three topological phases, namely crystalline, hexatic, and isotropic-fluid phases, can coexist within the same NPML. We associate this coexistence with the local variation in particle size, which can be described by a unique frequency parameter (p25), quantifying the fraction of NPs that has size deviation greater than or equal to 25% of the mean size (where the deviation,ζ is defined as ζ = ((|Size-mean|)/mean)). The p25-values for the three phases are distinctly different: crystalline arrangement occurs when p25 < ∼0.02, while a hexatic phase exists for 0.02 ≤ p25 ≤ 0.1. For p25 ≥ 0.1, the isotropic-fluid phase occurs. Following KTHNY-theory, we further numerically extrapolate the occurrence of each phase to the accumulated excess planar strain in the NPML due to the presence of various topological defects in the structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Bhattacharjee
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Salil S Vaidya
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Tushar Pathak
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Jayesh R Shimpi
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhagavatula L V Prasad
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Center for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India.
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Hybrid Nanoparticles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces: Insight from Theory and Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054564. [PMID: 36901995 PMCID: PMC10003740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles that combine special properties of their different parts have numerous applications in electronics, optics, catalysis, medicine, and many others. Of the currently produced particles, Janus particles and ligand-tethered (hairy) particles are of particular interest both from a practical and purely cognitive point of view. Understanding their behavior at fluid interfaces is important to many fields because particle-laden interfaces are ubiquitous in nature and industry. We provide a review of the literature, focusing on theoretical studies of hybrid particles at fluid-fluid interfaces. Our goal is to give a link between simple phenomenological models and advanced molecular simulations. We analyze the adsorption of individual Janus particles and hairy particles at the interfaces. Then, their interfacial assembly is also discussed. The simple equations for the attachment energy of various Janus particles are presented. We discuss how such parameters as the particle size, the particle shape, the relative sizes of different patches, and the amphiphilicity affect particle adsorption. This is essential for taking advantage of the particle capacity to stabilize interfaces. Representative examples of molecular simulations were presented. We show that the simple models surprisingly well reproduce experimental and simulation data. In the case of hairy particles, we concentrate on the effects of reconfiguration of the polymer brushes at the interface. This review is expected to provide a general perspective on the subject and may be helpful to many researchers and technologists working with particle-laden layers.
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Shin DI, Yoo SS, Park SH, Lee G, Bae WK, Kwon SJ, Yoo PJ, Yi GR. Percolated Plasmonic Superlattices of Nanospheres with 1 nm-Level Gap as High-Index Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203942. [PMID: 35867886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonics relies on precise control of refractive index (RI) which can be designed with metamaterials. Plasmonic superstructures of nanoparticles (NPs) can suggest a versatile way of tuning RI. However, the plasmonic effects in the superstructures demand 1 nm-level exquisite control over the interparticle gap, which is challenging in a sub-wavelength NPs. Thus far, a large-area demonstration has been mostly discouraged. Here, heteroligand AuNPs are prepared, which are stable in oil but become Janus particles at the oil-water interface, called "adaptive Janus particles." NPs are bound at the interface and assembled into 2D arrays over square centimeters as toluene evaporates, which distinctively exhibits the RI tunability. In visible and NIR light, the 2D superstructures exhibit the highest-ever RI (≈7.8) with varying the size and interparticle gap of NPs, which is successfully explained by a plasmonic percolation model. Furthermore, fully solution-processable 2D plasmonic superstructures are proved to be advantageous in flexible photonic devices such as distributed Bragg reflectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-In Shin
- Sungkyun Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Yoo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaehang Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Sungkyun Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Jin Yoo
- Sungkyun Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ra Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Guzmán E, Martínez-Pedrero F, Calero C, Maestro A, Ortega F, Rubio RG. A broad perspective to particle-laden fluid interfaces systems: from chemically homogeneous particles to active colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 302:102620. [PMID: 35259565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Particles adsorbed to fluid interfaces are ubiquitous in industry, nature or life. The wide range of properties arising from the assembly of particles at fluid interface has stimulated an intense research activity on shed light to the most fundamental physico-chemical aspects of these systems. These include the mechanisms driving the equilibration of the interfacial layers, trapping energy, specific inter-particle interactions and the response of the particle-laden interface to mechanical perturbations and flows. The understanding of the physico-chemistry of particle-laden interfaces becomes essential for taking advantage of the particle capacity to stabilize interfaces for the preparation of different dispersed systems (emulsions, foams or colloidosomes) and the fabrication of new reconfigurable interface-dominated devices. This review presents a detailed overview of the physico-chemical aspects that determine the behavior of particles trapped at fluid interfaces. This has been combined with some examples of real and potential applications of these systems in technological and industrial fields. It is expected that this information can provide a general perspective of the topic that can be exploited for researchers and technologist non-specialized in the study of particle-laden interfaces, or for experienced researcher seeking new questions to solve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Materia Condensada, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Martínez-Pedrero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carles Calero
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armando Maestro
- Centro de Fı́sica de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Materia Condensada, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón G Rubio
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Materia Condensada, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Guzmán E, Abelenda-Núñez I, Maestro A, Ortega F, Santamaria A, Rubio RG. Particle-laden fluid/fluid interfaces: physico-chemical foundations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:333001. [PMID: 34102618 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particle-laden fluid/fluid interfaces are ubiquitous in academia and industry, which has fostered extensive research efforts trying to disentangle the physico-chemical bases underlying the trapping of particles to fluid/fluid interfaces as well as the properties of the obtained layers. The understanding of such aspects is essential for exploiting the ability of particles on the stabilization of fluid/fluid interface for the fabrication of novel interface-dominated devices, ranging from traditional Pickering emulsions to more advanced reconfigurable devices. This review tries to provide a general perspective of the physico-chemical aspects associated with the stabilization of interfaces by colloidal particles, mainly chemical isotropic spherical colloids. Furthermore, some aspects related to the exploitation of particle-laden fluid/fluid interfaces on the stabilization of emulsions and foams will be also highlighted. It is expected that this review can be used for researchers and technologist as an initial approach to the study of particle-laden fluid layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Abelenda-Núñez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Ortega
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Santamaria
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - Ramón G Rubio
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Li-Destri G, Ruffino R, Tuccitto N, Marletta G. In situ structure and force characterization of 2D nano-colloids at the air/water interface. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8475-8482. [PMID: 31603450 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of self-assembly and the related interactions among nanoparticles (NPs) at liquid surfaces and interfaces represents a stimulating experimental challenge to fully understand the behaviour of nano-colloids confined in a 2D asymmetric environment, in turn prompting the building of novel NP-based functional monolayers. Here, we first investigate the structural evolution of a model mixed surfactant/NP monolayer as a function of the surfactant/NP bulk ratio finding that, at ratios lower than 20, the adsorption at the air/water interface of surfactant-decorated NPs is dominant. We then employed these 2D nano-colloidal monolayers as model systems for grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering measurements, performed using synchrotron radiation, while compressing the monolayers in a Langmuir trough. The simultaneous determination of the compression work and the related reduction of the inter-particle distance at the interface enabled, for the first time, the quantitative characterization of the forces acting between adsorbed NPs, as well as their dispersion law with the inter-particle distance. Distinct surfactant reorganization processes are proposed to interpret the measured forces and the characteristic inter-particle distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li-Destri
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and GSGI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Akram B, Wang X. Self-Assembly of Ultrathin Nanocrystals to Multidimensional Superstructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10246-10266. [PMID: 31330109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of ultrathin nanocrystals (UTNCs) into well-organized multidimensional superstructures is one of the key topics in material chemistry and physics. Highly ordered nanocrystal assemblies also known as superstructures or synthetic structures have remained a focus for researchers over the past few years due to synergy in their properties as compared to their components. Here, we aim to present the recent progress being made in this field with highlights of our research group endeavors in the engineering of self-assembled complex multidimensional superstructures of various inorganic materials, including polyoxometalates. The driving forces for the assembly process and its kinetics along with the potential applications associated with these unique ordered and spatially complex superstructures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Akram
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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8
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Mancini GF, Pennacchio F, Latychevskaia T, Reguera J, Stellacci F, Carbone F. Local photo-mechanical stiffness revealed in gold nanoparticles supracrystals by ultrafast small-angle electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:024304. [PMID: 31041361 PMCID: PMC6461555 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that highly ordered two-dimensional crystals of ligand-capped gold nanoparticles display a local photo-mechanical stiffness as high as that of solids such as graphite. In out-of-equilibrium electron diffraction experiments, a strong temperature jump is induced in a thin film with a femtosecond laser pulse. The initial electronic excitation transfers energy to the underlying structural degrees of freedom, with a rate generally proportional to the stiffness of the material. Using femtosecond small-angle electron diffraction, we observe the temporal evolution of the diffraction feature associated with the nearest-neighbor nanoparticle distance. The Debye-Waller decay for the octanethiol-capped nanoparticle supracrystal, in particular, is found to be unexpectedly fast, almost as fast as the stiffest solid known and observed by the same technique, i.e., graphite. Our observations unravel that local stiffness in a dense supramolecular assembly can be created by van der Waals interactions up to a level comparable to crystalline systems characterized by covalent bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana Latychevskaia
- Physics Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Reguera
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Supramolecular Nanomaterials and Interfaces Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Mukhopadhyay M, Hazra S. Evolution of ligand-capped nanoparticle multilayers toward a near unique thickness. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1869-1878. [PMID: 30702125 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution of thiol-capped Au-nanoparticle (AuNP) multilayers on a H-passivated Si substrate, formed through a Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) deposition process, has been investigated using complementary grazing incidence X-ray scattering techniques. The fractional coverage multilayers of AuNPs, formed through a multi-transfer process, are found to be quite unstable under ambient conditions. The thickness of these decreases with time and tends to saturate toward a near unique thickness (NUT ≈ 6 nm). Although initial low coverage and their instability create hindrance in the control and formation of desired 3D-nanostructures in the bottom-up approach, the formation of a NUT-layer, through time-evolution, is quite distinctive, thus interesting. It is clear from the evolution that the thermodynamically driven monolayer structures (of AuNPs) at the air-water interface become thermodynamically unstable when transferred sequentially onto the solid substrate. The thermal energy (kT) and the partial change in the substrate surface energy (Δγ) create the instability and induce diffusion in the AuNPs, which in the presence of a net attractive force towards the substrate (arising from anisotropic interaction of the top AuNPs with the other AuNPs and/or hydrophobic substrate) tries to create a thermodynamically favourable and relatively stable NUT-layer through reorganization for a different duration. This happens if the number of AuNPs is less than or equal to the maximum number that can be accommodated within the NUT. The value of the NUT mainly depends on the particle size and a kT-energy related fluctuation of particles. Furthermore, the formation of the NUT-layer indicates that the hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction mediated net attraction towards the substrate is long range, while the hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction mediated repulsion and/or kT-energy induced fluctuations are short range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Mukhopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
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10
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Mancini GF, Pennacchio F, Latychevskaia T, Reguera J, Stellacci F, Carbone F. Direct observation of photo-mechanical stiffness in alkanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles supracrystals by ultrafast small-angle electron diffraction. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920504004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that ultrastiff bonding between nanoparticles can be engineered by ad hoc assemblies of ligands, reaching strengths comparable to that of strong covalent bonds. Our observation relies on femtosecond small-angle electron diffraction.
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11
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Jungmann RM, Pereira PCN, Apolinario SWS. 2D melting of confined colloids with a mixture of square and triangular order. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:465402. [PMID: 30247148 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae3c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We implement Brownian dynamics to investigate the melting processes of colloidal particles confined isotropically and interacting via a potential which can be tailored in a repulsive-attractive-respulsive fashion as the interparticle distance increases. The stable configurations of such a system is composed of a large diversity of structures, which includes quasicrystalline, triangular, square, and mixed orderings, as well as the presence of fringes and holes, which are located, respectively, at the border and interior of the clusters. Our simulations demonstrate that during the melting process particles are able to swing between different micro phases. This intermediary stage, present in a finite range of temperature, precedes the melting in all cases investigated and is different from the hexatic phase of the KTNHY framework. We also test the fringes stability and find it to be higher than the one found in compact clusters. Finally, we show that, at the high temperature regime, the system loses its angular ordering while still preserves its radial interparticle confinement, which, ultimately, causes the proliferation of small subclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Jungmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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12
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Tuccitto N, Amato T, Gangemi CMA, Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Puglisi R, Pappalardo A, Ballistreri FP, Messina GML, Li-Destri G, Marletta G. Driving Coordination Polymer Monolayer Formation by Competitive Reactions at the Air/Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11706-11713. [PMID: 30199641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel approach enabling us to follow and facilitate the formation of two-dimensional coordination polymer monolayers directly at the air/water interface without the need of complex instrumentation. The method is based on the use of a surface active ligand that, when spread at the air/water interface, progressively undergoes hydrolysis with consequent gradual decrease in surface pressure. Notably, if the aqueous subphase contains metal ions capable of coordinating the ligand, coordination competes with hydrolysis, resulting in a lower surface pressure decrease. As a consequence, the formation of the coordination polymer monolayer can be verified simply by surface pressure measurements. Competition between hydrolysis and coordination was investigated as a function of the main experimental parameters affecting the two reactions, enabling the formation of stable coordination polymer monolayers with controlled density. Finally, the formation of continuous rigid 2D layers was confirmed by compression isotherms and ex situ morphological characterization. This work will simplify the verification of coordination polymer monolayer formation; thus, it will boost the synthesis of novel and innovative 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Tuccitto
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Tiziana Amato
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Francesco P Ballistreri
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Grazia M L Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Giovanni Li-Destri
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania and CSGI , Viale Andrea Doria 6 , 95125 , Catania , Italy
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13
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Li-Destri G, Tuccitto N, Livio PA, Messina GML, Pithan L, Marletta G. Energy-sustained reversible nanoscale order and conductivity increase in polymer thin films. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Gadelrab KR, Ding Y, Pablo-Pedro R, Chen H, Gotrik KW, Tempel DG, Ross CA, Alexander-Katz A. Limits of Directed Self-Assembly in Block Copolymers. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3766-3772. [PMID: 29775312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the conditions under which defects appear in self-assembling soft-matter systems is of great importance, for example, in the development of block-copolymer (BCP) nanolithography. Here, we explore the limits of the directed self-assembly of BCPs by deliberately adding random imperfections to the template. Our results show that defects emerge due to local "shear-like" distortions of the polymer-template system, a new mechanism that is fundamentally different from the canonical mechanisms of 2D melting. Furthermore, our results provide a general criterion for melting, obtaining the highest tolerance to random deviations from the perfect template at about 0.1 L0, where L0 is the natural BCP periodicity. These findings establish the limits of directed self-assembly of BCPs and can be extended to other classes of materials with soft interactions.
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15
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Yan C, Wang T. A new view for nanoparticle assemblies: from crystalline to binary cooperative complementarity. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1483-1509. [PMID: 28059420 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on nanoparticle assemblies and their applications have been research frontiers in nanoscience in the past few decades and remarkable progress has been made in the synthetic strategies and techniques. Recently, the design and fabrication of the nanoparticle-based nanomaterials or nanodevices with integrated and enhanced properties compared to those of the individual components have gradually become the mainstream. However, a systematic solution to provide a big picture for future development and guide the investigation of different aspects of the study of nanoparticle assemblies remains a challenge. The binary cooperative complementary principle could be an answer. The binary cooperative complementary principle is a universal discipline and can describe the fundamental properties of matter from the subatomic particles to the universe. According to its definition, a variety of nanoparticle assemblies, which represent the cutting-edge work in the nanoparticle studies, are naturally binary cooperative complementary materials. Therefore, the introduction of the binary cooperative complementary principle in the studies of nanoparticle assemblies could provide a unique perspective for reviewing this field and help in the design and fabrication of novel functional nanoparticle assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Mukhopadhyay M, Hazra S. Interfacial and thermal energy driven growth and evolution of Langmuir-Schaefer monolayers of Au-nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1051-1062. [PMID: 29236112 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Structures of Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) monolayers of thiol-coated Au-nanoparticles (DT-AuNPs) deposited on H-terminated and OTS self-assembled Si substrates (of different hydrophobic strength and stability) and their evolution with time under ambient conditions, which plays an important role for their practical use as 2D-nanostructures over large areas, were investigated using the X-ray reflectivity technique. The strong effect of substrate surface energy (γ) on the initial structures and the competitive role of room temperature thermal energy (kT) and the change in interfacial energy (Δγ) at ambient conditions on the evolution and final structures of the DT-AuNP LS monolayers are evident. The strong-hydrophobic OTS-Si substrate, during transfer, seems to induce strong attraction towards hydrophobic DT-AuNPs on hydrophilic (repulsive) water to form vertically compact partially covered (with voids) monolayer structures (of perfect monolayer thickness) at low pressure and nearly covered buckled monolayer structures (of enhanced monolayer thickness) at high pressure. After transfer, the small kT-energy (in absence of repulsive water) probably fluctuates the DT-AuNPs to form vertically expanded monolayer structures, through systematic exponential growth with time. The effect is prominent for the film deposited at low pressure, where the initial film-coverage and film-thickness are low. On the other hand, the weak-hydrophobic H-Si substrate, during transfer, appears to induce optimum attraction towards DT-AuNPs to better mimic the Langmuir monolayer structures on it. After transfer, the change in the substrate surface nature, from weak-hydrophobic to weak-hydrophilic with time (i.e. Δγ-energy, apart from the kT-energy), enhances the size of the voids and weakens the monolayer/bilayer structure to form a similar expanded monolayer structure, the thickness of which is probably optimized by the available thermal energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Mukhopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
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17
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Smith NL, Coukouma A, Dubnik S, Asher SA. Debye ring diffraction elucidation of 2D photonic crystal self-assembly and ordering at the air–water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31813-31822. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diffraction intensities and Debye ring widths depend on the colloidal particle ordering of the 2D photonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - A. Coukouma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - S. Dubnik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - S. A. Asher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
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18
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Giner-Casares JJ, Reguera J. Directed self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles at air/liquid interfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16589-16595. [PMID: 27722594 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) appear as the forefront functional structure in nanotechnology. The preparation of functional materials based on inorganic NPs requires their assembly onto well-defined structures. Within this context, self-assembly at air-liquid interfaces is probably the best candidate for a universal procedure for active materials composed of assembled NPs. The detailed in situ mechanism of the lateral self-assembly and vertical organization of NPs at air-liquid interfaces is still unknown despite its extended use. The most common and promising methods for addressing this open issue are reviewed herein. The self-assembled films can be used in situ or further be transferred to solid substrates as the main constituents of novel functional materials. Plasmonic NPs at interfaces are highly interesting, given the broad range of applications of the plasmonic field, and will be discussed more in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Giner-Casares
- Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Javier Reguera
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain and Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Aragon, Spain
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