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Sreedhara MB, Bukvišová K, Khadiev A, Citterberg D, Cohen H, Balema V, K. Pathak A, Novikov D, Leitus G, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Kolíbal M, Enyashin AN, Houben L, Tenne R. Nanotubes from the Misfit Layered Compound (SmS) 1.19TaS 2: Atomic Structure, Charge Transfer, and Electrical Properties. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:1838-1853. [PMID: 35237027 PMCID: PMC8874355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Misfit layered compounds (MLCs) MX-TX2, where M, T = metal atoms and X = S, Se, or Te, and their nanotubes are of significant interest due to their rich chemistry and unique quasi-1D structure. In particular, LnX-TX2 (Ln = rare-earth atom) constitute a relatively large family of MLCs, from which nanotubes have been synthesized. The properties of MLCs can be tuned by the chemical and structural interplay between LnX and TX2 sublayers and alloying of each of the Ln, T, and X elements. In order to engineer them to gain desirable performance, a detailed understanding of their complex structure is indispensable. MLC nanotubes are a relative newcomer and offer new opportunities. In particular, like WS2 nanotubes before, the confinement of the free carriers in these quasi-1D nanostructures and their chiral nature offer intriguing physical behavior. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with a focused ion beam are engaged to study SmS-TaS2 nanotubes and their cross-sections at the atomic scale. The atomic resolution images distinctly reveal that Ta is in trigonal prismatic coordination with S atoms in a hexagonal structure. Furthermore, the position of the sulfur atoms in both the SmS and the TaS2 sublattices is revealed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy are carried out. These analyses conclude that charge transfer from the Sm to the Ta atoms leads to filling of the Ta 5d z 2 level, which is confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Transport measurements show that the nanotubes are semimetallic with resistivities in the range of 10-4 Ω·cm at room temperature, and magnetic susceptibility measurements show a superconducting transition at 4 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Sreedhara
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Kristýna Bukvišová
- CEITEC
− Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Azat Khadiev
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Citterberg
- CEITEC
− Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Viktor Balema
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- ProChem,
Inc., 826 Roosevelt Road, Rockford, Illinois 61109, United States
| | - Arjun K. Pathak
- Department
of Physics, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, New York 14222, United States
| | - Dmitri Novikov
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Miroslav Kolíbal
- CEITEC
− Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physical Engineering, Brno University
of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrey N. Enyashin
- Institute
of Solid State Chemistry UB RAS, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
- Institute
of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural
Federal University, 620083 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reshef Tenne
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Zhao M, Kim D, Lee YH, Yang H, Cho S. Quantum Sensing of Thermoelectric Power in Low-Dimensional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021:e2106871. [PMID: 34889480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric power, has been extensively studied in low-dimensional materials where quantum confinement and spin textures can largely modulate thermopower generation. In addition to classical and macroscopic values, thermopower also varies locally over a wide range of length scales, and is fundamentally linked to electron wave functions and phonon propagation. Various experimental methods for the quantum sensing of localized thermopower have been suggested, particularly based on scanning probe microscopy. Here, critical advances in the quantum sensing of thermopower are introduced, from the atomic to the several-hundred-nanometer scales, including the unique role of low-dimensionality, defects, spins, and relativistic effects for optimized power generation. Investigating the microscopic nature of thermopower in quantum materials can provide insights useful for the design of advanced materials for future thermoelectric applications. Quantum sensing techniques for thermopower can pave the way to practical and novel energy devices for a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mali Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Suyeon Cho
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
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Wang Y, Hamann DM, Cordova DLM, Chen J, Wang B, Shen L, Cai Z, Shi H, Karapetrova E, Aravind I, Shi L, Johnson DC, Cronin SB. Enhanced Low-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance in (PbSe) 1+δ(VSe 2) 1 Heterostructures due to Highly Correlated Electrons in Charge Density Waves. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8008-8014. [PMID: 33095023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We explore the effect of charge density wave (CDW) on the in-plane thermoelectric transport properties of (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)1 and (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)2 heterostructures. In (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)1 we observe an abrupt 86% increase in the Seebeck coefficient, 245% increase in the power factor, and a slight decrease in resistivity over the CDW transition. This behavior is not observed in (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)2 and is rather unusual compared to the general trend observed in other materials. The abrupt transition causes a deviation from the Mott relationship through correlated electron states. Raman spectra of the (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)1 material show the emergence of additional peaks below the CDW transition temperature associated with VSe2 material. Temperature-dependent in-plane X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra show a change in the in-plane thermal expansion of VSe2 in (PbSe)1+δ(VSe2)1 due to lattice distortion. The increase in the power factor and decrease in the resistivity due to CDW suggest a potential mechanism for enhancing the thermoelectric performance at the low temperature region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle M Hamann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Dmitri Leo M Cordova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Evguenia Karapetrova
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Li Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David C Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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Li D, Gong Y, Chen Y, Lin J, Khan Q, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Xie H. Recent Progress of Two-Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:36. [PMID: 34138247 PMCID: PMC7770719 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric generators have attracted a wide research interest owing to their ability to directly convert heat into electrical power. Moreover, the thermoelectric properties of traditional inorganic and organic materials have been significantly improved over the past few decades. Among these compounds, layered two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, IVA-VIA compounds, and MXenes, have generated a large research attention as a group of potentially high-performance thermoelectric materials. Due to their unique electronic, mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties, thermoelectric devices based on such materials can be applied in a variety of applications. Herein, a comprehensive review on the development of 2D materials for thermoelectric applications, as well as theoretical simulations and experimental preparation, is presented. In addition, nanodevice and new applications of 2D thermoelectric materials are also introduced. At last, current challenges are discussed and several prospects in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Youning Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qasim Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Xie
- Shenzhen Clean Energy Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Rosul MG, Lee D, Olson DH, Liu N, Wang X, Hopkins PE, Lee K, Zebarjadi M. Thermionic transport across gold-graphene-WSe 2 van der Waals heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax7827. [PMID: 31723602 PMCID: PMC6839940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state thermionic devices based on van der Waals structures were proposed for nanoscale thermal to electrical energy conversion and integrated electronic cooling applications. We study thermionic cooling across gold-graphene-WSe2-graphene-gold structures computationally and experimentally. Graphene and WSe2 layers were stacked, followed by deposition of gold contacts. The I-V curve of the structure suggests near-ohmic contact. A hybrid technique that combines thermoreflectance and cooling curve measurements is used to extract the device ZT. The measured Seebeck coefficient, thermal and electrical conductance, and ZT values at room temperatures are in agreement with the theoretical predictions using first-principles calculations combined with real-space Green's function formalism. This work lays the foundation for development of efficient thermionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Golam Rosul
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Doeon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - David H. Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Naiming Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Wright Center for Photovoltaic Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Patrick E. Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Mona Zebarjadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Ryu YK, Frisenda R, Castellanos-Gomez A. Superlattices based on van der Waals 2D materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11498-11510. [PMID: 31483427 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit a number of improved mechanical, optical, and electronic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. The absence of dangling bonds in the cleaved surfaces of these materials allows combining different 2D materials into van der Waals heterostructures to fabricate p-n junctions, photodetectors, and 2D-2D ohmic contacts that show unexpected performances. These intriguing results are regularly summarized in comprehensive reviews. A strategy to tailor their properties even further and to observe novel quantum phenomena consists in the fabrication of superlattices whose unit cell is formed either by two dissimilar 2D materials or by a 2D material subjected to a periodic perturbation, each component contributing with different characteristics. Furthermore, in a 2D material-based superlattice, the interlayer interaction between the layers mediated by van der Waals forces constitutes a key parameter to tune the global properties of the superlattice. The above-mentioned factors reflect the potential to devise countless combinations of van der Waals 2D material-based superlattices. In the present feature article, we explain in detail the state-of-the-art of 2D material-based superlattices and describe the different methods to fabricate them, classified as vertical stacking, intercalation with atoms or molecules, moiré patterning, strain engineering and lithographic design. We also aim to highlight some of the specific applications of each type of superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyoung Ryu
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
| | - Andres Castellanos-Gomez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Madrid, E-28049, Spain.
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Vaziri S, Yalon E, Muñoz Rojo M, Suryavanshi SV, Zhang H, McClellan CJ, Bailey CS, Smithe KKH, Gabourie AJ, Chen V, Deshmukh S, Bendersky L, Davydov AV, Pop E. Ultrahigh thermal isolation across heterogeneously layered two-dimensional materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax1325. [PMID: 31453337 PMCID: PMC6697438 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous integration of nanomaterials has enabled advanced electronics and photonics applications. However, similar progress has been challenging for thermal applications, in part due to shorter wavelengths of heat carriers (phonons) compared to electrons and photons. Here, we demonstrate unusually high thermal isolation across ultrathin heterostructures, achieved by layering atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials. We realize artificial stacks of monolayer graphene, MoS2, and WSe2 with thermal resistance greater than 100 times thicker SiO2 and effective thermal conductivity lower than air at room temperature. Using Raman thermometry, we simultaneously identify the thermal resistance between any 2D monolayers in the stack. Ultrahigh thermal isolation is achieved through the mismatch in mass density and phonon density of states between the 2D layers. These thermal metamaterials are an example in the emerging field of phononics and could find applications where ultrathin thermal insulation is desired, in thermal energy harvesting, or for routing heat in ultracompact geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vaziri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eilam Yalon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Miguel Muñoz Rojo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Huairuo Zhang
- Theiss Research Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Connor J. McClellan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Connor S. Bailey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kirby K. H. Smithe
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Victoria Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanchit Deshmukh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leonid Bendersky
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Eric Pop
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Hadland EC, Jang H, Wolff N, Fischer R, Lygo AC, Mitchson G, Li D, Kienle L, Cahill DG, Johnson DC. Ultralow thermal conductivity of turbostratically disordered MoSe 2 ultra-thin films and implications for heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:285401. [PMID: 30645979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafea2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Films containing 8, 16, 24, 32 and 64 MoSe2 layers were synthesized using the modulated elemental reactants method. X-ray reflectivity patterns showed that the annealed films were the targeted number of MoSe2 layers thick with atomically smooth interfaces. In-plane x-ray diffraction (XRD) scans contained only hk0 reflections for crystalline MoSe2 monolayers. Specular XRD patterns contained only 00l reflections, also indicating that the hk0 plane of the MoSe2 layers are parallel to the substrate. Both XRD and electron microscopy techniques indicated that the hk0 planes are rotationally disordered with respect to one another, with all orientations equally probable for large areas. The rotational disorder between MoSe2 layers is present even when analyzed spots are within 10 nm of one another. Cross-plane thermal conductivities of 0.07-0.09 W m-1 K-1 were measured by time domain thermoreflectance, with the thinnest films exhibiting the lowest conductivity. The structural analysis suggests that the ultralow thermal conductivity is a consequence of rotational disorder, which increases the separation between MoSe2 layers. The bonding environment of the Se atoms also becomes significantly distorted from C 3v symmetry due to the rotational disorder between layers. This structural disorder efficiently reduces the group velocity of the transverse phonon modes but not that of longitudinal modes. Since rotational disorder between adjacent layers in heterostructures is expected if the constituents have incommensurate lattices, this study indicates that these heterostructures will have very low cross-plane thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Hadland
- Materials Science Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
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Yang K, Ren JC, Qiu H, Wang JS. Phonon-driven electron scattering and magnetothermoelectric effect in two-dimensional tin selenide. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:055301. [PMID: 29261095 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa33c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bulk tin selenide (SnSe) is the best thermoelectric material currently with the highest figure-of-merit due to strong phonon-phonon interactions. We investigate the effect of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) on the transport properties of a two-dimensional (2D) SnSe sheet. We demonstrate that EPC plays a key role in the scattering rate when the constant relaxation time approximation is deficient. The EPC strength is especially large in contrast to that of pristine graphene. The scattering rate depends sensitively on the system temperatures and the carrier densities when the Fermi energy approaches the band edge. We also investigate the magnetothermoelectric effect of the 2D SnSe. It is found that at low temperatures there is enormous magnetoelectrical resistivity and magnetothermal resistivity above 200%, suggesting possible potential applications in device design. Our results agree qualitatively well with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaike Yang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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