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Mansell JI, Yu S, Li M, Pye E, Yin C, Beltran F, Rossi-Ashton JA, Romano C, Kaltsoyannis N, Procter DJ. Alkyl Cyclopropyl Ketones in Catalytic Formal [3 + 2] Cycloadditions: The Role of SmI 2 Catalyst Stabilization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12799-12807. [PMID: 38662638 PMCID: PMC11082888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl cyclopropyl ketones are introduced as versatile substrates for catalytic formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions with alkenes and alkynes and previously unexplored enyne partners, efficiently delivering complex, sp3-rich products. The key to effectively engaging this relatively unreactive new substrate class is the use of SmI2 as a catalyst in combination with substoichiometric amounts of Sm0; the latter likely acting to prevent catalyst deactivation by returning SmIII to the catalytic cycle. In the absence of Sm0, background degradation of the SmI2 catalyst can outrun product formation. For the most recalcitrant alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, catalysis is "switched-on" using these new robust conditions, and otherwise unattainable products are delivered. Combined experimental and computational studies have been used to identify and probe reactivity trends among alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, including more complex bicyclic alkyl cyclopropyl ketones, which react quickly with various partners to give complex products. In addition to establishing alkyl cyclopropyl ketones as a new substrate class in a burgeoning field of catalysis, our study provides vital mechanistic insight and robust, practical approaches for the nascent field of catalysis with SmI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack I. Mansell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Song Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Muze Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Chaofan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Frédéric Beltran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - James A. Rossi-Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ciro Romano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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2
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van Lieshout F, Morales DM. Anodic Reactions in Alkaline Hybrid Water Electrolyzers: Activity versus Selectivity. Chempluschem 2024:e202400182. [PMID: 38656541 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Affordable and abundant sources of green hydrogen can give a large impetus to the Energy Transition. While conventional water electrolysis has positioned itself as a prospective candidate for this purpose, it lacks cost competitiveness. Hybrid water electrolysis (HWE) has been praised for its ability to address the issues of conventional water electrolysis due to its decreased energy requirements and its ability to generate value-added products, among other advantages. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges related to the applicability of HWE, using the glycerol oxidation reaction as an example, and we identify pitfalls often found in the literature. Reported catalysts, especially those based on abundant materials, suffer from a severe selectivity-activity tradeoff, hampering their industrial applicability due to large costs associated with product separation and purification. Additionally, testing electrocatalysts under conditions that are relevant for their applications is encouraged, yet these conditions are largely unknown, as in-depth knowledge of the catalytic mechanisms is largely missing. Lastly, an opportunity to increase the amount of interdisciplinary research concerning both the engineering requirements and financial performance of HWE is discussed. Increased focus on these objectives may boost the development of HWE on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris van Lieshout
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dulce M Morales
- Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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3
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Kmieciak A, Krzemiński MP, Hodii A, Gorczyca D, Jastrzębska A. New Water-Soluble (Iminomethyl)benzenesulfonates Derived from Biogenic Amines for Potential Biological Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:520. [PMID: 38276459 PMCID: PMC10817586 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly efficient and straightforward method for synthesizing novel Schiff bases was developed by reacting selected biogenic amines with sodium 2-formylbenzene sulfonate and sodium 3-formylbenzene sulfonate. 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used to characterize the new compounds. The main advantages of the proposed procedure include simple reagents and reactions carried out in water or methanol and at room temperature, which reduces time and energy. Moreover, it was shown that the obtained water-soluble Schiff bases are stable in aqueous solution for at least seven days. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of synthesized Schiff bases were tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kmieciak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Marek P. Krzemiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Anastasiia Hodii
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.P.K.); (A.H.)
| | - Damian Gorczyca
- Faculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, 43 Świeradowska Str., 02-662 Warsaw, Poland;
- LymeLab Pharma, Kochanowskiego 49A Str., 01-864 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.P.K.); (A.H.)
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4
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Kayishaer A, Annatelli M, Hansom CM, Mouterde LMM, Peru AAM, Aricò F, Allais F, Fadlallah S. Green Synthesis of UV-Reactive Polycarbonates from Levoglucosenone and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300483. [PMID: 37876336 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of fully renewable polycarbonates (PCs) starting from cellulose-based platform molecules levoglucosenone (LGO) and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). These unique bio-based PCs are obtained through the reaction of a citronellol-containing triol (Triol-citro) derived from LGO, with a dimethyl carbonate derivative of BHMF (BHMF-DC). Solvent-free polymerizations are targeted to minimize waste generation and promote an eco-friendly approach with a favorable environmental factor (E-factor). The choice of metal catalyst during polymerization significantly influences the polymer properties, resulting in high molecular weight (up to 755 kDa) when Na2 CO3 is employed as an inexpensive catalyst. Characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance confirms the successful incorporation of the furan ring and the retention of the terminal double bond of the citronellol pendant chain. Furthermore, under UV irradiation, the presence of both citronellol and furanic moieties induces singular structural changes, triggering the formation of three distinct structures within the polymer network, a phenomenon herein occurs for the first time in this type of polymer. These findings pave the way to new functional materials prepared from renewable monomers with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihemaiti Kayishaer
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Chloe M Hansom
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
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5
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Hay Mele B, Monticelli M, Leone S, Bastoni D, Barosa B, Cascone M, Migliaccio F, Montemagno F, Ricciardelli A, Tonietti L, Rotundi A, Cordone A, Giovannelli D. Oxidoreductases and metal cofactors in the functioning of the earth. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:653-670. [PMID: 37503682 PMCID: PMC10423856 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Life sustains itself using energy generated by thermodynamic disequilibria, commonly existing as redox disequilibria. Metals are significant players in controlling redox reactions, as they are essential components of the engine that life uses to tap into the thermodynamic disequilibria necessary for metabolism. The number of proteins that evolved to catalyze redox reactions is extraordinary, as is the diversification level of metal cofactors and catalytic domain structures involved. Notwithstanding the importance of the topic, the relationship between metals and the redox reactions they are involved in has been poorly explored. This work reviews the structure and function of different prokaryotic organometallic-protein complexes, highlighting their pivotal role in controlling biogeochemistry. We focus on a specific subset of metal-containing oxidoreductases (EC1 or EC7.1), which are directly involved in biogeochemical cycles, i.e., at least one substrate or product is a small inorganic molecule that is or can be exchanged with the environment. Based on these inclusion criteria, we select and report 59 metalloenzymes, describing the organometallic structure of their active sites, the redox reactions in which they are involved, and their biogeochemical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monticelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- National Research Council - Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry - CNR-ICB, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Serena Leone
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton. Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Deborah Bastoni
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bernardo Barosa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Cascone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Migliaccio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Tonietti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rotundi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelina Cordone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Giovannelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies - CNR-IRBIM, Ancona, Italy
- Department of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA, U.S.A
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Orsy G, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E. A Sustainable Green Enzymatic Method for Amide Bond Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:5706. [PMID: 37570676 PMCID: PMC10419938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustainable enzymatic strategy for the preparation of amides by using Candida antarctica lipase B as the biocatalyst and cyclopentyl methyl ether as a green and safe solvent was devised. The method is simple and efficient and it produces amides with excellent conversions and yields without the need for intensive purification steps. The scope of the reaction was extended to the preparation of 28 diverse amides using four different free carboxylic acids and seven primary and secondary amines, including cyclic amines. This enzymatic methodology has the potential to become a green and industrially reliable process for direct amide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Orsy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Sayeh Shahmohammadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (G.O.); (S.S.)
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7
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Vimalanathan K, Zhang Z, Zou J, Raston CL. Vortex fluidic high shear induced crystallisation of fullerene C 70 into nanotubules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37469308 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02464d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Hollow C70 nanotubules are formed under high shear within the thin film of a vortex fluidic device (VFD) without the need for using auxiliary reagents, high temperatures and pressures, and/or requiring downstream processing. This novel bottom-up crystallisation process involves intense micro mixing of two liquids (toluene solution of C70 and anti-solvent, isopropyl alcohol) within a thin film in the VFD to precisely control the hierarchical assembly of C70 molecules into hollow nanotubules. The mechanism of self-assembly was consistent with them being a mould of the high shear double helical topological flow from Faraday waves coupled with Coriolis forces generated within the thin film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Vimalanathan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jin Zou
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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8
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Dohendou M, Dekamin MG, Namaki D. Pd@l-asparagine-EDTA-chitosan: a highly effective and reusable bio-based and biodegradable catalyst for the Heck cross-coupling reaction under mild conditions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2621-2638. [PMID: 37143802 PMCID: PMC10153479 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00058c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a novel supramolecular Pd(ii) catalyst supported on chitosan grafted by l-asparagine and an EDTA linker, named Pd@ASP-EDTA-CS, was prepared for the first time. The structure of the obtained multifunctional Pd@ASP-EDTA-CS nanocomposite was appropriately characterized by various spectroscopic, microscopic, and analytical techniques, including FTIR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, TGA, DRS, and BET. The Pd@ASP-EDTA-CS nanomaterial was successfully employed, as a heterogeneous catalytic system, in the Heck cross-coupling reaction (HCR) to afford various valuable biologically-active cinnamic acid derivatives in good to excellent yields. Different aryl halides containing I, Br and even Cl were used in HCR with various acrylates for the synthesis of corresponding cinnamic acid ester derivatives. The catalyst shows a variety of advantages including high catalytic activity, excellent thermal stability, easy recovery by simple filtration, more than five cycles of reusability with no significant decrease in its efficacy, biodegradability, and excellent results in the HCR using low-loaded Pd on the support. In addition, no leaching of Pd into the reaction medium and the final products was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dohendou
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
| | - Danial Namaki
- Department of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Iran
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9
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Sarma MJ, Sudarshana KA, Srihari P, Mehta G. An Approach to Functionally Embellished o-Alkynylbenzoates or Furan-3(2 H)-ones from Diynones and DMAD: Controlled Divergence and Product Selectivity. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3945-3953. [PMID: 36862523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of reaction regime controlled product diversification in a one-pot reaction between diynones and dimethyl-1,3-acetonedicarboxylate (DMAD) to selectively furnish either functionally unique pentasubstituted o-alkynylbenzoates or fully substituted furan-3(2H)-ones is delineated. The potential of these two versatile platforms to enter new utilitarian chemical space has also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Jyoti Sarma
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.,Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - K A Sudarshana
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pabbaraja Srihari
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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10
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Functional carbon-supported nanocatalysts for biomass conversion. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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11
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Margetić D. Recent applications of mechanochemistry in synthetic organic chemistry. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The promotion of chemical reactions by an unconventional energy source, mechanical energy (mechanochemistry) has increasing number of applications in organic synthesis. The advantages of mechanochemistry are versatile, from reduction of solvent use, increase of reaction efficiency to better environmental sustainability. This paper gives a short review on the recent developments in the fast growing field of organic mechanochemistry which are illustrated by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Margetić
- Laboratory for Physical Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička c. 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
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12
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Bhaskaran RP, Nayak KH, Sreelekha MK, Babu BP. Progress in copper-catalysed/mediated intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:237-251. [PMID: 36448561 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01796b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalysed C-H functionalization reactions are one of the most efficient synthetic methodologies to construct carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The initial developments in the field were largely dominated by expensive transition metal catalysts. However, in the past decade, the focus of the catalyst shifted to first-row transition metals and copper catalysis contributed significantly. Abundant, cost-effective, and less toxic copper catalysts are an ideal green alternative to palladium and similar metals. The intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling itself developed as a prominent area of focus as the strategy straightaway affords complex polycyclic scaffolds in one pot. Regioselective activation of inert C-H bonds were made possible with copper catalysts and interestingly, oxygen served as the terminal oxidant in most of the cases. In the present review the focus is on the intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling reactions between carbon-hydrogen and heteroatom-hydrogen bonds to afford carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero atom bonds, catalysed/mediated by copper salts. Though the intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling reactions of copper have already been reviewed more than once, to the best of our knowledge this is the first comprehensive account of copper-based intramolecular dehydrogenative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmi P Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India - 575025.
| | - Kalinga H Nayak
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India - 575025.
| | - Mariswamy K Sreelekha
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India - 575025.
| | - Beneesh P Babu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India - 575025.
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13
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Microwave-Aided Reactions of Aniline Derivatives with Formic Acid: Inquiry-Based Learning Experiments. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cdem-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of amides belongs to traditional experimental tasks not only in organic chemistry exercises at universities but also at chemically focused secondary schools or in special practices at general high schools. An example of such a synthesis may be the preparation of acetanilide via reaction of aniline with acetic acid or acetic anhydride. However, both of these reactions are associated with a rather long reaction time and certain hazards that limit their straightforward use in pedagogical practice. Conveniently, the reaction of aniline with acetic acid may be significantly optimised if it is performed under solvent-free conditions in the presence of microwaves, which reduces considerably the reaction time and provides very good yield, compared to traditional heating by a heating nest. In this study, the main pedagogical aim of the experimental design is elucidation of the influence of the structure of the amines on the course of the reaction with formic acid through inquiry-based learning. Specifically, the proposed experiments consist in investigation of the chemical yield achieved in microwave assisted reactions of aniline and its derivatives with formic acid in such a way that is adequate for constructive learning of undergraduate chemistry students. The selected series of amines involves aniline, 4-methoxyaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 4-nitroaniline. In accordance with the chemical reactivity principles, students gradually realise that the influence of the substituent is reflected in the reaction yield, which grows in the following order: N-(4-nitrophenyl)formamide ˂ N-(4-chlorophenyl)formamide ˂ N-phenylformamide ˂ N-(4-methoxyphenyl)formamide. Therefore, the results of the experiments enable students to discover that stronger basicity of the amine increases the yield of the amide. In order to deepen the students’ chemical knowledge and skills, the concept of the experiments was transformed to support inquiry-based student learning. The proposed experiments are intended for experimental learning in universities educating future chemistry teachers, but they may be also utilised in the form of workshops for students at secondary schools of a general educational nature.
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14
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Rostami N, Dekamin MG, Valiey E, FaniMoghadam H. l-Asparagine-EDTA-amide silica-coated MNPs: a highly efficient and nano-ordered multifunctional core-shell organocatalyst for green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one compounds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21742-21759. [PMID: 36091190 PMCID: PMC9386691 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new l-asparagine grafted on 3-aminopropyl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles using the EDTA linker (Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine) was prepared and its structures properly confirmed using different spectroscopic, microscopic and magnetic methods or techniques including FT-IR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, TEM, TGA and VSM. The Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine core-shell nanomaterial was found, as a highly efficient multifunctional and recoverable organocatalyst, to promote the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically-active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions. It was proved that Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine MNPs, as a catalyst having excellent thermal and magnetic stability, specific morphology and acidic sites with appropriate geometry, can activate the Biginelli reaction components. Moreover, the environmental-friendliness and nontoxic nature of the catalyst, cost effectiveness, low catalyst loading, easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and short reaction time are some of the remarkable advantages of this green protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rostami
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Ehsan Valiey
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Hamidreza FaniMoghadam
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
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