1
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Della Sala P, Calice U, Iuliano V, Geremia S, Hickey N, Belviso S, Summa FF, Monaco G, Gaeta C, Superchi S. Chirality Sensing of Cryptochiral Guests with Prism[n]arenes. Chemistry 2024:e202401625. [PMID: 38717117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Optical chirality sensing has gained significant attention in recent years. Within this field, the quest for stereodynamic chiroptical probes capable of detecting cryptochiral guests presents a formidable challenge. Macrocycles exhibiting planar chirality have emerged as promising candidates for amplifying the chirality of cryptochiral guests. In this study, we demonstrate that the formation of host-guest complexes between cryptochiral molecules and planar chiral prismarenes triggers electronic circular dichroism (ECD) signals via host-guest complexation-induced chirality amplification. The absolute configuration of the most stable chiral macrocyclic host-guest complex has been established by resorting to both exciton model and DFT computations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this supramolecular chirality sensing system can be employed to determine the enantiomeric composition of scalemic mixtures by measuring the ECD bands intensity. The information described here opens the way for the use of prismarenes as stereodynamic probes for sensing of cryptochiral guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Umberto Calice
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sandra Belviso
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco F Summa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Superchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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2
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Iuliano V, Talotta C, Della Sala P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Neri P, Gaeta C. Hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene, a Conformationally Adaptive Host for the Complexation of Linear and Branched Alkylammonium Guests. Molecules 2023; 28:4749. [PMID: 37375304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexahexyloxycalix[6]arene 2b leads to the endo-cavity complexation of linear and branched alkylammonium guests showing a conformational adaptive behavior in CDCl3 solution. Linear n-pentylammonium guest 6a+ induces the cone conformation of 2b at the expense of the 1,2,3-alternate, which is the most abundant conformer of 2b in the absence of a guest. In a different way, branched alkylammonium guests, such as tert-butylammonium 6b+ and isopropylammonium 6c+, select the 1,2,3-alternate as the favored 2b conformation (6b+/6c+⊂2b1,2,3-alt), but other complexes in which 2b adopts different conformations, namely, 6b+/6c+⊂2bcone, 6b+/6c+⊂2bpaco, and 6b+/6c+⊂2b1,2-alt, have also been revealed. Binding constant values determined via NMR experiments indicated that the 1,2,3-alternate was the best-fitting 2b conformation for the complexation of branched alkylammonium guests, followed by cone > paco > 1,2-alt. Our NCI and NBO calculations suggest that the H-bonding interactions (+N-H···O) between the ammonium group of the guest and the oxygen atoms of calixarene 2b are the main determinants of the stability order of the four complexes. These interactions are weakened by increasing the guest steric encumbrance, thus leading to a lower binding affinity. Two stabilizing H-bonds are possible with the 1,2,3-alt- and cone-2b conformations, whereas only one H-bond is possible with the other paco- and 1,2-alt-2b stereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
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3
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Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3265-3298. [PMID: 37083011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes including calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclotriveratrylene, pillararenes and so on have emerged as highly attractive synthetic macrocyclic hosts due to their unique structures, facile functionalization, and broad range of applications. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of novel macrocyclic arenes composed of various aromatic building blocks bridged by methylene groups, which have found applications in various research areas. Consequently, the development of novel macrocyclic arenes has become a frontier and hot topic in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry. In this review, we feature the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of novel macrocyclic arenes that have emerged in the last decade. The general synthetic strategies employed for these macrocyclic arenes are systematically summarized, and their wide applications in molecular recognition and assemblies, molecular machines, biomedical science and functional materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Della Sala P, Del Regno R, Capobianco A, Iuliano V, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Neri P, Gaeta C. Confused-Prism[5]arene: a Conformationally Adaptive Host by Stereoselective Opening of the 1,4-Bridged Naphthalene Flap. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203030. [PMID: 36317818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The confused-prism[5]arene macrocycle (c-PrS[5]Me ) shows conformational adaptive behavior in the presence of ammonium guests. Upon guest inclusion, the 1,4-bridged naphthalene flap reverses its planar chirality from pS to pR (with reference to the pS(pR)4 enantiomer). Stereoselective directional threading is also observed in the presence of directional axles, in which up/down stereoisomers of homochiral (pR)5 -c-PrS[5]Me pseudorotaxanes are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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5
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Han H, Fu R, Wang R, Tang C, He MM, Deng JY, Guo DS, Stoddart JF, Cai K. Corralarenes: A Family of Conjugated Tubular Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20351-20362. [PMID: 36264544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in host-guest chemistry, macrocyclic hosts with deep cavities are far from abundant among the large number of wholly synthetic hosts described in the literature. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of two new tubular hosts, namely, corral[4]arene and corral[5]arene. The former has been isolated and characterized as two conformational diastereoisomers, one is centrosymmetric and the other asymmetric. The latter, a fivefold symmetrical and flexible host, has also been investigated in detail. It is composed of five 4,4'-dimethoxybiphenyl units bridged by ethynylene linkers at their 2,2'-positions and adopts a pentagonal conformation with a tubular-shaped cavity in the presence of guests. This structure endows corral[5]arene not only with a conjugated backbone, capable of bright fluorescent emission (quantum yield, 56%), but also a deep π-electron-rich aromatic cavity with remarkable conformational flexibility. The adaptive cavity of corral[5]arene allows it to accommodate a wide range of neutral and positively charged electron-deficient guests with different molecular sizes and shapes. Binding constants between this host and these guests in three different nonpolar organic solvents lie in the range of 103 to 107 M-1. Moreover, corral[5]arene exhibits dynamic chirality on account of the axes of chirality associated with each of the five biphenyl units and displays first-order transformation as exhibited by circular dichroism in response to the addition of chiral guests. All these stereochemical features render corral[5]arene an attractive host for a variety of supramolecular and nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Miao-Miao He
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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6
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Del Regno R, Santonoceta GDG, Della Sala P, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Talotta C, Spinella A, Neri P, Sgarlata C, Gaeta C. Molecular Recognition in an Aqueous Medium Using Water-Soluble Prismarene Hosts. Org Lett 2022; 24:2711-2715. [PMID: 35389649 PMCID: PMC9016763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis of
water-soluble prism[n]arenes
(n = 5 and 6) bearing anionic carboxylato groups
on the rims is described. The binding properties of this novel class
of water-soluble hosts are studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and
calorimetry. The complexation of singly and doubly charged ammonium
guests with the more rigid pentamer is enthalpically driven by secondary
interactions, while the thermodynamic fingerprint for the larger hexamer
reveals driving forces that strongly depend on the guest charge and/or
size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Del Regno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppina D G Santonoceta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Spinella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmelo Sgarlata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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7
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Shi Q, Wang X, Liu B, Qiao P, Li J, Wang L. Macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks: the state of the art and progress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12379-12405. [PMID: 34726202 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules play the central role in host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. The highly structural symmetry of macrocyclic host molecules can meet people's pursuit of aesthetics in molecular design, and generally means a balance of design, synthesis, properties and applications. For macrocyclic host molecules with highly symmetrical structures, building blocks, which could be described as repeat units as well, are the most fundamental elements for molecular design. The structural features and recognition ability of macrocyclic host molecules are determined by the building blocks and their connection patterns. Using different building blocks, different macrocyclic host molecules could be designed and synthesized. With decades of developments of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, diverse macrocyclic host molecules with different building blocks have been designed and synthesized. Aromatic building blocks are a big family among the various building blocks used in constructing macrocyclic host molecules. In this feature article, the recent developments of macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panyu Qiao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Quaratesi I, Della Sala P, Capacchione C, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Gliubizzi R, Bruno I, Sgarlata C, Migliore R, Gaeta C, Neri P. Selective recognition of bisphenol S isomers in water by β-cyclodextrin. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1991925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Quaratesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica E Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano , Italy
- Bi-qemrties Spa, Zona Industriale - Buccino, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica E Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano , Italy
| | - Clotilde Capacchione
- Dipartimento di Chimica E Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano , Italy
- Bi-qemrties Spa, Zona Industriale - Buccino, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica E Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano , Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche E Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche E Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Carmelo Sgarlata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi Di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Migliore
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica E Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano , Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica E Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Fisciano , Italy
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9
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Del Regno R, Della Sala P, Picariello D, Talotta C, Spinella A, Neri P, Gaeta C. per-Hydroxylated Prism[ n]arenes: Supramolecularly Assisted Demethylation of Methoxy-Prism[5]arene. Org Lett 2021; 23:8143-8146. [PMID: 34633199 PMCID: PMC8576831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Methoxy-prism[5]arene PrS[5]Me is demethylated
by a supramolecularly assisted reaction.
In the presence of a tetramethylammonium cation, PrS[5]Me is demethylated by BBr3 in high yield, while in its absence a 55/40 mixture of PrS[5]OH/PrS[6]OH is formed. The dealkylation
of prismarenes, such as PrS[6]R (R = Et, nPr) and c-PrS[5]Me, can be easily obtained in high yields in the presence
of BBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Del Regno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Davide Picariello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Aldo Spinella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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10
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Della Sala P, Del Regno R, Di Marino L, Calabrese C, Palo C, Talotta C, Geremia S, Hickey N, Capobianco A, Neri P, Gaeta C. An intramolecularly self-templated synthesis of macrocycles: self-filling effects on the formation of prismarenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9952-9961. [PMID: 34349965 PMCID: PMC8317625 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl- and propyl-prism[6]arenes are obtained in high yields and in short reaction times, independent of the nature and size of the solvent, in the cyclization of 2,6-dialkoxynaphthalene with paraformaldehyde. PrS[6]Et or PrS[6]nPr adopt, both in solution and in the solid state, a folded cuboid-shaped conformation, in which four inward oriented alkyl chains fill the cavity of the macrocycle. On these bases, we proposed that the cyclization of PrS[6]Et or PrS[6]nPr occurs through an intramolecular thermodynamic self-templating effect. In other words, the self-filling of the internal cavity of PrS[6]Et or PrS[6]nPr stabilizes their cuboid structure, driving the equilibrium toward their formation. Molecular recognition studies, both in solution and in the solid state, show that the introduction of guests into the macrocycle cavity forces the cuboid scaffold to open, through an induced-fit mechanism. An analogous conformational change from a closed to an open state occurs during the endo-cavity complexation process of the pentamer, PrS[5]. These results represent a rare example of a thermodynamically controlled cyclization process driven through an intramolecular self-template effect, which could be exploited in the synthesis of novel macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Luca Di Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Carmela Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Carmine Palo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 I-34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 I-34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, "A. Zambelli" Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II I-84084 Fisciano Italy
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Capacchione C, Della Sala P, Quaratesi I, Bruno I, Pauciulo A, Bartiromo AR, Iannece P, Neri P, Talotta C, Gliubizzi R, Gaeta C. Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/β-Cyclodextrin Pseudorotaxane Complexes as Sustainable Dispersing and Retarding Materials in a Cement-Based Mortar. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12250-12260. [PMID: 34056378 PMCID: PMC8154154 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorotaxane complexes between β-CD and mPEG derivatives bearing a carboxylic acid function (mPEG-COOH) were synthesized and investigated for their dispersing properties in a cement-based mortar. The formation of mPEG-COOH derivatives and their pseudorotaxanes was investigated by 1D nuclear magnetic resonance, diffusion ordered spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis experiments. Mortar tests clearly indicate that mPEG-COOH@β-CD-interpenetrated supramolecules show excellent dispersing abilities. In addition, the supramolecular complexes show a retarding effect, analogously to other known β-CD-based superplasticizers in which the β-CD is covalently grafted on a polymeric backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Capacchione
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- BI-QEM
SPECIALTIES SPA, Zona
industriale, 84021 Buccino, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Quaratesi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- BI-QEM
SPECIALTIES SPA, Zona
industriale, 84021 Buccino, Salerno, Italy
| | - Immacolata Bruno
- BI-QEM
SPECIALTIES SPA, Zona
industriale, 84021 Buccino, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Pauciulo
- BI-QEM
SPECIALTIES SPA, Zona
industriale, 84021 Buccino, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Iannece
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rocco Gliubizzi
- BI-QEM
SPECIALTIES SPA, Zona
industriale, 84021 Buccino, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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