1
|
Ling X, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao P, Ni D, Wei Y, Nie S, He Y. Gold-Catalyzed Conia-Ene Cyclization/Aza-Michael Addition Cascades: Access to Indolinylazepinone PNPs with Anticancer Activity. J Org Chem 2025. [PMID: 40405722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2025]
Abstract
A modular and streamlined assembly of diverse indolinylazepinone pseudonatural products (PNPs) has been established through post-Ugi gold-catalyzed Conia-ene cyclization/aza-Michael addition cascades. Mechanistic studies revealed that cationic gold acts as a unique soft Lewis acid to furnish this protocol through double activation. This approach facilitates chemo- and regioselective access to target PNPs in moderate to good yields with remarkable anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ling
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jinjie Wang
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peirui Zhao
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Ni
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shenyou Nie
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital & College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi He
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang M, Xu Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 2-CF 3-indoles or 2-CF 3-indolin-3-ones via anaerobic or aerobic reactions of N-phenylpyridin-2-amines with TFISYs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2025. [PMID: 40386837 DOI: 10.1039/d5cc01652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
Presented herein is a condition-controlled selective synthesis of 2-CF3-indoles or 2-CF3-indolin-3-ones based on the anaerobic or aerobic reaction of N-phenylpyridin-2-amines with trifluoromethyl imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides (TFISYs). This work not only discloses a novel reaction mode of TFISYs, but also provides a robust protocol for the effective functionalization of aniline derivatives leading to the concise and selective assembly of indole-related scaffolds bearing a pharmaceutically privileged CF3 unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xueying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Fu Y, Guo Z, Lin A, Jia Q, Han C. Site-Selective Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation for the Synthesis of C5- or C7-SCF 3-Substituted Indolines. Org Lett 2025; 27:493-497. [PMID: 39711164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c04500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
We report herein an efficient and site-selective electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of indolines. In the absence of any catalyst or additive, C5-selective trifluoromethylthiolation could proceed at room temperature. With palladium used as the catalyst, the selectivity was reversed completely, giving C7-selecive trifluoromethylthiolated products. This reaction features good functional group tolerance, simple operation, mild conditions, and scale-up application. The potential utilities of the products were shown by further transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhenshan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chunhua Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station in Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sinclair PP, Sarpong R. Total Synthesis of (±)-Baphicacanthcusine A Enabled by Sequential Ring Contractions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409139. [PMID: 38994548 PMCID: PMC11608106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is the first total synthesis of the poly-pseudoindoxyl natural product baphicacanthcusine A. The synthesis leverages the oxidative rearrangement of indoles to pseudoindoxyls to install vicinal pseudoindoxyl heterocycles in a diastereoselective manner. Key steps include an acid-mediated cyclization/indole transposition, two diastereoselective oxidative ring contractions, and a site-selective C-H oxygenation. The synthesis of the oxidation precursors was guided by recognition of an element of hidden symmetry. This work provides a foundation for the chemical synthesis of other poly-pseudoindoxyl alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul P. Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang M, Zheng Y, Jin Y, Jiang H, Wu W. Palladium-catalyzed ligand-regulated divergent synthesis of pyrrole[2,3- b]indoles and ureas from 2-ethynylanilines and isocyanides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2950-2953. [PMID: 38375635 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05387c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a palladium-catalyzed and ligand-controlled protocol for the divergent synthesis of pyrrole[2,3-b]indole and urea derivatives has been described. Pyrrole[2,3-b]indoles ("cyclization on" products) via tandem cyclization of o-alkynylanilines with isocyanides in the absence of a ligand and ureas ("cyclization off" products) via oxidative amination of anilines with isocyanides in the presence of a ligand were obtained both in moderate to good yields with high selectivity. In this chemistry, cyclic and acyclic products were easily accessed with the same starting materials under the regulation of the ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yongpeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yangbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baidilov D, Elkin PK, Athe S, Rawal VH. Rapid Access to 2,2-Disubstituted Indolines via Dearomative Indolic-Claisen Rearrangement: Concise, Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Hinckdentine A. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37364288 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The construction of 2,2-disubstituted indolines has long presented a synthetic challenge without any general solutions. Herein, we report a robust protocol for the dearomative Meerwein-Eschenmoser-Claisen rearrangement of 3-indolyl alcohols that provides efficient access to 2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted indolines. These versatile subunits are useful for natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry. The title [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement proceeds in generally excellent yield and transfers the C3-indolic alcohol chirality to the C2 position with high fidelity, thus providing a reliable method for the construction of enantioenriched 2,2-disubstituted indolines. The power of this methodology is demonstrated through the concise and strategically unique total synthesis of the marine natural product hinckdentine A, which features a dearomative Claisen rearrangement, a diastereocontrolled hydrogenation of the alkene product, a one-pot amide-to-oxime conversion using Vaska's complex, and a regioselective late-stage tribromination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daler Baidilov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Pavel K Elkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sudhakar Athe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Viresh H Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao S, He Y, Gao F, Wei Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Liu JY, Guo Z, Li Z, Nie S. Rapid access to C2-quaternary 3-methyleneindolines via base-mediated post-Ugi Conia-ene cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3099-3102. [PMID: 36804590 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06281j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient synthesis of diverse 2,2-disubstituted 3-methyleneindoline derivatives through a one-pot base-promoted post-Ugi 5-exo-dig "Conia-ene"-type cyclization has been disclosed. The mechanism study indicates that an intramolecular hydrogen bond may play a vital role in this process. The antiproliferative evaluation of cancer cell lines reveals that this protocol provides practical use in the green synthesis of bioactive compound libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi He
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Feiyu Gao
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yue Wei
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yunyun Gao
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zufeng Guo
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhenghua Li
- School of Science, Westlake University, Zhejiang 310030, China.
| | - Shenyou Nie
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park JH, Park J, Cheon CH. Synthesis of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)indoline-3-acetic acid derivatives via base-catalyzed cyclization of N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1647-1652. [PMID: 36723252 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for the synthesis of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)indoline-3-acetic acid derivatives was developed via base-catalyzed cyclization of N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives. The synthetic utility of this methodology was illustrated by the concise synthesis of dihydropaullone, a partially saturated analog of paullone. Furthermore, the indoline scaffold could be further converted to the corresponding indoles and other indole-fused heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han S. “
K‐synthesis
”: Recent advancements in natural product synthesis enabled by unique methods and strategies development in Korea. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Facile three-component reactions for the synthesis of N-unsubstituted 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones and base induced divergent N–H and C–C bond derivatizations. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Zhou X, Xiong T, Jiang J. Gold-catalyzed redox cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition/reduction: direct access to 2-phosphoryl indolin-3-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8568-8571. [PMID: 35815915 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient gold(I)-catalyzed redox cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition/reduction reaction of o-nitroalkynes with various H-phosphorus oxides is established. Through the intramolecular redox cyclization of o-nitroalkynes and subsequent intermolecular nucleophilic addition/reduction with no external reactant, a variety of arylphosphoryl and alkylphosphoryl indolin-3-ones with high functional-group compatibility are obtained in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that phosphorus nucleophiles mediate the cleavage of the N-O bond as a reductant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcui Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park J, Cheon CH. A cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction enables the concise total syntheses of rucaparib. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21172-21180. [PMID: 35975042 PMCID: PMC9341288 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two routes toward the synthesis of rucaparib, an FDA-approved drug used for the treatment of ovarian and prostate cancers, have been developed from commercially available starting materials utilizing the cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction as the key step for the construction of the indole motif bearing all the desired substituents in their correct positions. In the first-generation synthesis, meta-fluorobenzoate, the starting material currently used in the process chemistry route of rucaparib, was converted into 4,6-disubstituted 2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives (ester or amide). The cyanide-catalyzed imino-Stetter reaction of aldimines derived from the resulting 2-aminocinnamic acid derivatives and a commercially available aldehyde afforded the desired indole-3-acetic acid derivatives. The final azepinone formation completed the total synthesis of rucaparib in 27% overall yield. To resolve the issues raised in the first-generation synthesis, we further developed a second-generation synthesis of rucaparib. The Heck reaction of a commercially available ortho-iodoaniline derivative with acrylonitrile provided 4,6-disubstituted 2-aminocinnamonitrile, which was subjected to the imino-Stetter reaction with the same aldehyde to provide the desired indole-3-acetonitrile product. Subsequent construction of the azepinone scaffold completed the total synthesis of rucaparib in 59% overall yield over three separation operations. The synthetic strategy reported herein can provide a highly practical route to access rucaparib from commercially available starting materials (5.2% overall yield in the current process chemistry route vs. 59% overall yield in the second-generation synthesis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjae Park
- Department of Chemistry Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry Korea University 145 Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen G, Cai X, Zhang X, Fan X. Condition-Dependent Selective Synthesis of Indolo[1,2- c]quinazolines and Indolo[3,2- c]quinolines from 2-(1 H-Indol-2-yl)anilines and Sulfoxonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9815-9828. [PMID: 35839292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a selective synthesis of indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and indolo[3,2-c]quinolines through the cascade reactions of 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)anilines with sulfoxonium ylides is presented. The formation of products involves the generation of a carbene species from sulfoxonium ylide and its N-H bond insertion reaction with 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)aniline followed by deoxygenative imine formation, intramolecular N- or C- nucleophilic addition and deoxygenative aromatization. This switchable synthesis was condition-dependent. In the presence of K2CO3 in CH3CN, the reaction mainly furnished indolo[1,2-c]quinazolines. In the presence of HOAc in dioxane, it selectively afforded indolo[3,2-c]quinolines. In addition, direct C-H/N-H functionalization of the products obtained provides a convenient and direct access to polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds. These novel protocols have advantages such as readily accessible substrates, easily tunable selectivity, good compatibility with diverse functional groups, and the use of air as a cost-free and sustainable oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinyuan Cai
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ruan Z, Wang M, Yang C, Zhu L, Su Z, Hong R. Total Synthesis of (+)-Hinckdentine A: Harnessing Noncovalent Interactions for Organocatalytic Bromination. JACS AU 2022; 2:793-800. [PMID: 35557764 PMCID: PMC9088303 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hinckdentine A, a marine-sponge-derived tribrominated indole alkaloid bearing a unique indolo[1,2-c]quinazoline skeleton, was completed in 12 steps featuring the construction of the Nα-quaternary carbon center by asymmetric azo-ene cyclization. A novel organocatalyst was developed to promote high-yielding tribromination, which represents a challenging process encountered in previous syntheses. Density functional theory calculations scrutinized viable substrates and deciphered the origin of the enhancement of C8 electrophilic bromination with a bifunctional organocatalyst. Moreover, the application of organocatalyst-enabled bromination on various substrates was demonstrated to highlight future late functionalizations of biologically intriguing targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwei Ruan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101419, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101419, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101419, China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center
for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101419, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
A concise total synthesis of rucaparib, an FDA-approved drug for ovarian and prostate cancers, is reported. The Heck reaction of the commercially available aryl iodide with acrylonitrile provided the desired (E)-2-aminocinnamonitrile derivative. A subsequent imino-Stetter reaction of the aldimine derived from 2-aminocinnamonitrile and aldehyde furnished indole-3-acetonitrile bearing the desired substituents at appropriate positions. The construction of the final azepinone scaffold via reduction of the nitrile group followed by seven-membered lactamization afforded rucaparib. Notably, the synthesis of rucaparib is achieved using commercially available starting materials in only three separation operations with 54% overall yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamashiro T, Abe T, Sawada D. Synthesis of 2-monosubstituted indolin-3-ones by cine-substitution of 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the formal cine-substitution/hydrolysis of 3-azidoindole intermediates generated from 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines (AZINs). This protocol enables the introduction of both various carboxylic acid and alcohol into indolin-3-ones at the C2-position,...
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen G, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of Hydroxysuccinimide Substituted Indolin-3-ones via One-Pot Cascade Reaction of o-Alkynylnitrobenzenes with Maleimides under Au(III)-Cu(II) Relay/Synergetic Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14652-14662. [PMID: 34590848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Presented herein is a one-pot cascade reaction of o-alkynylnitrobenzenes with maleimides leading to the formation of hydroxysuccinimide substituted indolin-3-ones under Au(III)-Cu(II) relay/synergetic catalysis. Mechanistically, the formation of the title products involves an unprecedented cascade process including (1) nitro-alkyne cycloisomerization of o-alkynylnitrobenzene to give isatogen; (2) [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition of isatogen with maleimide; and (3) ring opening of the in situ formed isoxazolidine moiety under neutral conditions. Notably, a wide range of substrates bearing various functional groups are compatible with the reaction conditions to give a series of highly valuable hybrid compounds in good efficiency with excellent atom economy. In addition, the products thus obtained could be easily transformed into the corresponding maleimide substituted indolin-3-ones. Importantly, some products demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yue Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu F, Smith MW. A general approach to 2,2-disubstituted indoxyls: total synthesis of brevianamide A and trigonoliimine C. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13756-13763. [PMID: 34760160 PMCID: PMC8549782 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03533a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The indoxyl unit is a common structural motif in alkaloid natural products and bioactive compounds. Here, we report a general method that transforms readily available 2-substituted indoles into 2,2-disubstituted indoxyls via nucleophile coupling with a 2-alkoxyindoxyl intermediate and showcase its utility in short total syntheses of the alkaloids brevianamide A (7 steps) and trigonoliimine C (6 steps). The developed method is operationally simple and demonstrates broad scope in terms of nucleophile identity and indole substitution, tolerating 2-alkyl substituents and free indole N-H groups, elements beyond the scope of most prior approaches. Spirocyclic indoxyl products are also accessible via intramolecular nucleophilic trapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas Texas 75390 USA
| | - Myles W Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas Texas 75390 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Christoffers J, Kieslich D. Cyanide Anions as Nucleophilic Catalysts in Organic Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1499-8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe nucleophilic addition of a cyanide anion to a carbonyl group is the basis for several cyanide-catalyzed organic reactions, which are summarized in this review. Since cyanide is also a good leaving group, it is an excellent catalyst for transacylation reactions. As an electron-withdrawing group, it also stabilizes a negative charge in its α-position, thus allowing the umpolung of aldehydes to formyl anion equivalents. The two leading examples are the benzoin condensation and the Michael–Stetter reaction furnishing α-hydroxy ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds, which are both catalyzed by cyanides. The review also covers variants like the silyl-benzoin coupling, the aldimine coupling and the imino-Stetter reaction. Moreover, some cyanide-catalyzed heterocyclic syntheses are reviewed.1 Introduction2 Nucleophilic Additions2.1 Cyanohydrin Formation2.2 Corey–Gilman–Ganem and Related Oxidation Reactions2.3 Conjugate Addition2.4 Intramolecular Carbocyanation3 Transacylation Reactions3.1 Ester Hydrolysis and Transesterification3.2 Formation of Amides3.3 Ketones from Esters3.4 Esters from Ketones4 Transformations Involving an Umpolung4.1 Benzoin Condensation4.2 Aldimine Coupling4.3 Michael–Stetter Reaction4.4 Imino-Stetter Reaction5 Formation of Heterocycles5.1 Oxazolines from Isocyanoacetates5.2 Imidazoles from TosMIC via Oxazolines5.3 Bargellini Reaction6 Conclusion
Collapse
|