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Maikhuri VK, Mathur D, Chaudhary A, Kumar R, Parmar VS, Singh BK. Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines: Recent Advances, Mechanism, Scope and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:4. [PMID: 38296918 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine is a pharmacologically important moiety that exhibits diverse biological activities. This review reflects the growing significance of transition metal-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of pyrimidines (with no discussion being made on the transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrimidines). The effect of different catalysts on the selectivity/yields of pyrimidines and catalyst recyclability (wherever applicable) are described, together with attempts to illustrate the role of the catalyst through mechanisms. Although several methods have been researched for synthesizing this privileged scaffold, there has been a considerable push to expand transition metal-catalyzed, sustainable, efficient and selective synthetic strategies leading to pyrimidines. The aim of the authors with this update (2017-2023) is to drive the designing of new transition metal-mediated protocols for pyrimidine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Maikhuri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Nanoscience Program, CUNY Graduate Center and Department of Chemistry, City College & Medgar Evers College, The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Wun BJ, Hu YC, Chi CY, Chuang GJ. Photoinduced Decarbonylative Rearrangement of Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]Octenones: A Photochemical Approach of Diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptene Skeleton from Masked o-Benzoquinone. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1235-1244. [PMID: 36606370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a photoinduced decarbonylative rearrangement of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octenone in the facile synthesis of a functionalized diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptene skeleton, a unique derivative of the hydropyridazine type structure which could be found in a variety of biologically active natural products. The scope of functional group compatibility in the photoreaction was examined by taking advantage of the easy access of the heterobicyclo[2.2.2] structure from the Diels-Alder reaction of masked o-benzoquinones. 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione served as the dienophile which provided the adjacent N-N unit in hexahydropyridazine-type products of subsequent photorearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jyun Wun
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Gary Jing Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
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Bettencourt CJ, Krainz T, Chow S, Parr BT, Tracy WF, Bernhardt PV, Davies HML, Williams CM. Unearthing the Subtleties of Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Carbenoid Cycloadditions to Furans with an N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole Probe. Org Lett 2022; 24:9290-9295. [PMID: 36512372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of a model alkenyl donor/acceptor N-sulfonyltriazole with a wide selection of furans is reported. This investigation unearthed a range of structurally diverse carbocyclic and ring-opened products, in good to excellent yields. The products obtained are proposed to arise selectively via cyclopropanation or zwitterionic rearrangement pathways, which are highly dependent on both the structural and electronic features of the furan substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Bettencourt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tanja Krainz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sharon Chow
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Brendan T Parr
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William F Tracy
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Liu S, Wang AJ, Li M, Zhang J, Yin GD, Shu WM, Yu WC. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction Access to (Quinazolin-2-yl)methanone Derivatives from 2,1-Benzisoxazoles and α-Azido Ketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11253-11260. [PMID: 35938613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Rh(III)-catalyzed tandem reaction for the synthesis of (quinazolin-2-yl)methanone derivatives has been explored from 2,1-benzisoxazoles and α-azido ketones. The transformation involves Rh(III)-catalyzed denitrogenation of α-azido ketones, aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition, ring opening, and dehydration aromatization processes. Notably, the aza-[4 + 2] cycloaddition of an imine rhodium complex intermediate with 2,1-benzisoxazoles is the key to this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - An-Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Min Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Guo-Dong Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
| | - Wen-Ming Shu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, PR China
| | - Wei-Chu Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
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Filippov IP, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF, Rostovskii NV. One-Pot Synthesis of Multifunctionalized 1-Pyrrolines from 2-Alkyl-2 H-azirines and Diazocarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8835-8840. [PMID: 35732058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the synthesis of 1-pyrrolines based on formal [4 + 1] annulation of 2-alkyl-2H-azirines with diazocarbonyl compounds has been developed. This one-pot approach includes the Rh(II)-catalyzed formation of 4-alkyl-2-azabuta-1,3-dienes, followed by the DBU-promoted cyclization, and features a good substrate tolerance. The 1-pyrrolines containing an ester group at the C3 were prepared in a three-step one-pot procedure starting from 5-alkoxyisoxazoles. The cyclization of 2-azabutadienes to 1-pyrrolines most likely proceeds via the 6π electrocyclization of a conjugated NH-azomethine ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya P Filippov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Voloshkin VA, Kotovshchikov YN, Latyshev GV, Lukashev NV, Beletskaya IP. Annulation-Triggered Denitrogenative Transformations of 2-(5-Iodo-1,2,3-triazolyl)benzoic Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7064-7075. [PMID: 35583492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of [1,2,3]triazolobenzoxazinones to act as a source of "hidden" diazo group was discovered. These diazo precursors can be easily prepared by the intramolecular cyclization of 2-(5-iodo-1,2,3-triazolyl)benzoic acids. The Cu-catalyzed capture of the hidden diazo group allows for further functionalization through the denitrogenative pathway. The transformations proceed via the formation of either diazoimine or diazoamide intermediates. Novel routes to various anthranilamides as well as thiolated benzoxazinones were developed using the one-pot cyclization/diazo capture procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yury N Kotovshchikov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gennadij V Latyshev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Lukashev
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Efremova MM, Rostovskii NV. The VIth International Symposium “The Chemistry of Diazo Compounds and Related Systems” (DIAZO 2021). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tsuda M, Morita T, Nakamura H. Synthesis of isoxazoloazaborines via gold(i)-catalyzed propargyl aza-Claisen rearrangement/borylative cyclization cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1942-1945. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Isoxazoloazaborines have been synthesized from 4-N-propargylaminoisoxazole via gold(i)-catalyzed propargyl aza-Claisen rearrangement followed by electrophilic borylative cyclization in 27–86% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsuda
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Taiki Morita
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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De R, Sengupta U, Antony Savarimuthu S, Misra S, Nanda J, Bera MK. A practical and cost-effective approach to polysubstituted pyrimidine derivatives via DBU mediated redox isomerization of propargyl alcohol and subsequent N-C-N fragment condensation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00586g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward, efficient yet effortless approach for the synthesis of structurally important triarylated pyrimidine derivatives has been successfully developed using secondary propargyl alcohol and commercially available amidines under mild basic...
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