Copper-Mediated Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of N-Acylsulfonamide on DNA

Copper-Mediated Three-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of N-Sulfonylamidine on DNA

DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology is a transformative tool for identifying bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical research. This study presents an optimized copper-mediated reaction to synthesize N-sulfonylamidine derivatives from DNA-conjugated alkynes and sulfonyl azides under mild conditions. Amines serve as nucleophiles, enabling selective functionalization under mild conditions while preserving DNA integrity. Through systematic refinement of reaction conditions and substrate evaluation, the approach demonstrated a high tolerance to diverse functional groups, significantly expanding DEL-accessible chemical space. The developed DNA-compatible method underscores the role of DELs in enhancing drug discovery by facilitating the introduction of novel pharmacophores into compound libraries.

Fluorescence-Based Simple and Practical Assay Method for DNA Damage Analysis in DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis

The dsDNA-selective fluorescent-dye-based DNA damage assay was developed for DNA-encoded library (DEL) synthesis. For the various DEL synthesis conditions, the assay was validated through cross-checking with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, and the fact was confirmed that the usage of a specific ratio of organic solvent can critically induce DNA damage. Also, the applicability of the assay was confirmed through the screening of the DNA-damaging condition of the on-DNA amide coupling reaction and Pd-catalyzed on-DNA N-arylation reaction.

On-DNA Mannich Reaction for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis

The β-amino ketones produced through the Mannich reaction hold significant potential as candidates for various drugs. In this study, we optimized on-DNA Mannich reaction conditions and applied them to investigate the reactions of DNA-conjugated aldehydes with various amine and ketone building blocks. The developed on-DNA Mannich reaction preserved the DNA integrity and established viable routes for library production. These results underscore the potential of the Mannich reaction in DNA-encoded library (DEL) synthesis.

Highly Functionalized SuFEx-able Hub Bearing All-Carbon Quaternary Center via Rapid Brønsted Superbase Catalysis

A rapid Brønsted superbase catalysis for highly functionalized sulfur(VI)-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) hubs bearing all-carbon quaternary centers was developed. Remarkable functional group tolerance toward esters and nitriles was achieved by Michael addition of cyanoacetate derivatives to ethenesulfonyl fluoride with low catalyst loadings (∼0.5 mol %) within a short reaction time (0.5-30 min). Gram-scalability, water tolerance, and compatibility in polymeric catalysis showcase its unique practicability. SuFEx click conjugations were demonstrated using various amines, including DNA-tethered biomolecules.

Ferric Chloride-Mediated Transacylation of N-Acylsulfonamides

Transacylation of N-acylsulfonamides, which replaces the N-acyl group with a new one, is a challenging and underdeveloped fundamental transformation. Herein, a general method for transacylation of N-acylsulfonamides is presented. The transformation is enabled by coincident catalytic reactivities of FeCl3 for nonhydrolytic deacylation of N-acylsulfonamides and subsequent acylation of the resultant sulfonamides and can be conducted either stepwise or in a one-pot manner. GaCl3 and RuCl3·xH2O are similarly effective for the reaction. This method is mild, efficient, and operationally simple. A variety of functional groups such as halogeno, keto, nitro, cyano, ether, and ester are well tolerated, providing the transacylation products in good to excellent yields.

Constructing N-Acyl/N-Sulfonyl Aza-Sulfur Derivatives from Amides/Sulfonamides and Thiophthalimides via Oxidant Regulation

Here, we have constructed five distinct types of N-acyl or N-sulfonyl aza-sulfur scaffolds using readily available (sulfon)amides and thiophthalimides with precise regulation of oxidants. Our novel methods feature one-pot mild reaction conditions and simple operation, thereby making them highly convenient for the late-stage diversification of various amide drugs, bioactive molecules, and peptides.

Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Reaction for DNA-Encoded Library Technology

This study presents a DNA-compatible synthesis of diverse 5-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine derivatives using the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, followed by a Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé (GBB) reaction. The GBB reaction demonstrates a wide substrate scope, mild one-pot reaction conditions, and compatibility with subsequent enzymatic ligation, highlighting its potential in DNA-encoded library technology.

Diversity-Oriented Synthesis (DOS) of On-DNA Peptidomimetics from Acid-Derived Phosphonium Ylides

The DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology represents a revolutionary drug-discovery tool with unprecedented screening power originating from the association of combinatorial chemistry and DNA barcoding. The chemical diversity of DELs and its chemical space will be further expanded as new DNA-compatible reactions are introduced. This work introduces the use of DOS in the context of on-DNA peptidomimetics. Wittig olefination of aspartic acid-derived on-DNA Wittig ylide, combined with a broad substrate scope of aldehydes, led to formation of on-DNA α ${\alpha }$ , β ${\beta }$ -unsaturated ketones. The synthesis of on-DNA multi-peptidyl-ylides was performed by incorporating sequential amino acids onto a monomeric ylide. Di-, tri- and tetrameric peptidyl-ylides were validated for Wittig olefination and led to on-DNA α ${\alpha }$ , β ${\beta }$ -unsaturated-based peptidomimetics, an important class of intermediates. One on-DNA aryl Wittig ylide was also developed and applied to Wittig olefination for synthesis of on-DNA chalcone-based molecules. Furthermore, DOS was used successfully with electron-deficient peptidomimetics and led to the development of different heterocyclic cores containing on-DNA peptidomimetics.

Multicomponent DNA-Compatible Synthesis of an Annelated Benzodiazepine Scaffold for Focused Chemical Libraries

Annelated benzodiazepines are attractive drug-like scaffolds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Incorporation of this heterocyclic core into DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) via multicomponent assembly is highly demanded. Herein, we developed a DNA-compatible method to generate the tricyclic benzodiazepine scaffold via catalyst-free three-component condensation using a broad range of aldehyde, o-phenylenediamine, and diketone sources. With either aldehyde or o-phenylenediamine conjugated with DNA tags, functionalized 1,5-benzodiazepine scaffolds were efficiently forged, expanding the chemical space of the diazepine-centered drug-like DEL.