1
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Ali W, Oliver GA, Werz DB, Maiti D. Pd-catalyzed regioselective activation of C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:9904-9953. [PMID: 39212454 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Differentiating between two highly similar C-H bonds in a given molecule remains a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Directing group assisted strategies for the functionalisation of proximal C-H bonds has been known for the last few decades. However, distal C-H bond functionalisation is strenuous and requires distinctly specialised techniques. In this review, we summarise the advancement in Pd-catalysed distal C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bond activation through various redox manifolds including Pd(0)/Pd(II), Pd(II)/Pd(IV) and Pd(II)/Pd(0). Distal C-H functionalisation, where a Pd-catalyst is directly involved in the C-H activation step, either through assistance of an external directing group or directed by an inherent functionality or functional group incorporated at the site of the Pd-C bond is covered. The purpose of this review is to portray the current state of art in Pd-catalysed distal C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H functionalisation reactions, their mechanism and application in the late-stage functionalisation of medicinal compounds along with highlighting its limitations, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India.
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Albertstraße 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Dong W, Yang X, Li X, Wei S, An C, Zhang J, Shi X, Dong S. Investigation of N-Glycan Functions in Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products V Domain through Chemical Glycoprotein Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18270-18280. [PMID: 38917169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a crucial role in inflammation-related pathways and various chronic diseases. Despite the recognized significance of N-glycosylation in the ligand-binding V domain (VD) of RAGE, a comprehensive understanding of the site-activity and structure-activity relationships is lacking due to the challenges in obtaining homogeneous glycoprotein samples through biological expression. Here, we combined chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches to synthesize RAGE-VD and its congeners with Asn3-glycosylation by incorporating precise N-glycan structures. Evaluation of these samples revealed that, in comparison to other RAGE-VD forms, α2,6-sialylated N-glycosylation at the Asn3 site results in more potent inhibition of HMGB1-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression in RAGE-overexpressing cells. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrum analysis revealed a sialylated RAGE-VD-induced interaction region within HMGB1. Conversely, Asn3 N-glycosylation in VD has negligible effects on RAGE-VD/S100B interactions. This study established an approach for accessing homogeneously glycosylated RAGE-VD and explored the modulatory effects of N-glycosylation on the interactions between RAGE-VD and its ligand proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanjing An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, and Department of Chemical Biology at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Zhao J, Liu X, Liu J, Ye F, Wei B, Deng M, Li T, Huang P, Wang P. Chemical Synthesis Creates Single Glycoforms of the Ectodomain of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Glycoprotein D. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2615-2623. [PMID: 38117537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) utilizes multiple viral surface glycoproteins to trigger virus entry and fusion. Among these glycoproteins, glycoprotein D (gD) functions as a receptor-binding protein, which makes it an attractive target for the development of vaccines against HSV-1 infection. Several recombinant gD subunit vaccines have been investigated in both preclinical and clinical phases with varying degrees of success. It is fundamentally critical to explore the functions of gD glycans. In light of this, we report an efficient synthetic platform to construct glycosylated gDs bearing homogeneous glycans at N94 and N121. The oligosaccharides were prepared by enzymatic synthesis and conjugated to peptidyl sectors. The glycoproteins were constructed via a combination of 7-(piperazin-1-yl)-2-(methyl)quinolinyl (PPZQ)-assisted expressed protein ligation and β-mercapto amino acid-assisted-desulfurization strategies. Biological studies showed that synthetic gDs exhibited potent in vivo activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Farong Ye
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingcheng Wei
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Minggang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Chemical Glycobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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4
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Martínez‐Mingo M, García‐Viada A, Prendes DS, Alonso I, Rodríguez N, Arrayás RG, Carretero JC. Palladium-Catalyzed PIDA-Mediated δ-C(sp 3 )-H Acetoxylation of Amino Acid Derivatives: Overriding Competitive Intramolecular Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209865. [PMID: 36177787 PMCID: PMC9828559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The selective δ-C(sp3 )-H acetoxylation of N-(SO2 Py)-protected amino acid derivatives has been accomplished by using palladium-catalysis and PhI(OAc)2 (PIDA) as both terminal oxidant and acetoxy source. The distinct structural and electronic features of the SO2 Py compared to more traditional carbonyl-based directing groups is essential to override the otherwise more favourable competitive intramolecular C-H amination. The δ-site selectivity predominates over traditionally more favorable 5-membered cyclopalladation at competitive γ-CH2 . Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies provide important insights about the mechanism and the underlying factors controlling the chemo- and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Martínez‐Mingo
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Cienciasand Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQAUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Andrés García‐Viada
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Cienciasand Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQAUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Daniel Sowa Prendes
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Inés Alonso
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Cienciasand Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQAUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) UAM28049MadridSpain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Cienciasand Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQAUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) UAM28049MadridSpain
| | - Ramón Gómez Arrayás
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Cienciasand Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQAUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) UAM28049MadridSpain
| | - Juan C. Carretero
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de Cienciasand Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQAUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) UAM28049MadridSpain
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5
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6
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Liu PY, Zhao SC, Zhang MY, Song L, Wang C, Yu F, Meng Q, Zhang Z, He YP. Pd-Catalyzed γ-Acetoxylation of Alkylamides: Structural Influence of Directing Groups. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6378-6386. [PMID: 35422116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Shi-Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Caiping Wang
- Beijing Winsunny Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Beijing 101113, China
| | - Fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Yu-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, Educational Department of Liaoning Province, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
- State Key Laboratory Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
- Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Catalytic Science and Technology, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Dandong Load West 1, Fushun 113001, China
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7
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Ni SF, Huang G, Chen Y, Wright JS, Li M, Dang L. Recent advances in γ-C(sp3)–H bond activation of amides, aliphatic amines, sulfanilamides and amino acids. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Martínez-Flores S, Mujica-Martinez CA, Polindara-García LA. Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C(sp2/sp3)‐H Arylation of Aryl‐glycinamide Derivatives Using Picolinamide as Directing Group. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez-Flores
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Química Ciudad Universitaria 04310 Ciudad de Mexico MEXICO
| | | | - Luis Angel Polindara-García
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Chemistry Institute Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de Mexico MEXICO
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9
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Guan I, Williams K, Liu JST, Liu X. Synthetic Thiol and Selenol Derived Amino Acids for Expanding the Scope of Chemical Protein Synthesis. Front Chem 2022; 9:826764. [PMID: 35237567 PMCID: PMC8883728 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.826764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells employ post-translational modifications (PTMs) as key mechanisms to expand proteome diversity beyond the inherent limitations of a concise genome. The ability to incorporate post-translationally modified amino acids into protein targets via chemical ligation of peptide fragments has enabled the access to homogeneous proteins bearing discrete PTM patterns and empowered functional elucidation of individual modification sites. Native chemical ligation (NCL) represents a powerful and robust means for convergent assembly of two homogeneous, unprotected peptides bearing an N-terminal cysteine residue and a C-terminal thioester, respectively. The subsequent discovery that protein cysteine residues can be chemoselectively desulfurized to alanine has ignited tremendous interest in preparing unnatural thiol-derived variants of proteogenic amino acids for chemical protein synthesis following the ligation-desulfurization logic. Recently, the 21st amino acid selenocysteine, together with other selenyl derivatives of amino acids, have been shown to facilitate ultrafast ligation with peptidyl selenoesters, while the advancement in deselenization chemistry has provided reliable bio-orthogonality to PTMs and other amino acids. The combination of these ligation techniques and desulfurization/deselenization chemistries has led to streamlined synthesis of multiple structurally-complex, post-translationally modified proteins. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest chemical synthesis of thiolated and selenylated amino-acid building blocks and exemplify their important roles in conquering challenging protein targets with distinct PTM patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Guan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kayla Williams
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Shu Ting Liu
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xuyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Xuyu Liu,
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10
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Zou H. C(sp 3)-H oxygenation via alkoxypalladium(ii) species: an update for the mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1298-1306. [PMID: 35222913 PMCID: PMC8809414 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H oxygenation has emerged as an attractive strategy for organic synthesis. The most commonly proposed mechanism involves C(sp3)-H activation followed by oxidative addition of an oxygen electrophile to give an alkylpalladium(iv) species and further C(sp3)-O reductive elimination. In the present study of γ-C(sp3)-H acyloxylation of amine derivatives, we show a different mechanism when tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is used as an oxidant-namely, a bimetallic oxidative addition-oxo-insertion process. This catalytic model results in an alkoxypalladium(ii) intermediate from which acyloxylation and alkoxylation products are formed. Experimental and computational studies, including isolation of the putative post-oxo-insertion alkoxypalladium(ii) intermediates, support this mechanistic model. Density functional theory reveals that the classical alkylpalladium(iv) oxidative addition pathway is higher in energy than the bimetallic oxo-insertion pathway. Further kinetic studies revealed second-order dependence on [Pd] and first-order on [TBHP], which is consistent with DFT analysis. This procedure is compatible with a wide range of acids and alcohols for γ-C(sp3)-H oxygenation. Preliminary functional group transformations of the products underscore the great potential of this protocol for structural manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jinquan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 P. R. China
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11
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Antonov AA, Bryliakov KP. Recent progress in catalytic acyloxylation of C(sp
3
)‐H bonds. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Antonov
- Department of the Mechanisms of Catalytic Reactions Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Bryliakov
- Department of the Mechanisms of Catalytic Reactions Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Novosibirsk Russia
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12
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Shabani S, Wu Y, Ryan HG, Hutton CA. Progress and perspectives on directing group-assisted palladium-catalysed C-H functionalisation of amino acids and peptides. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9278-9343. [PMID: 34254063 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide modifications can unlock a variety of compounds with structural diversity and abundant biological activity. In nature, peptide modifications, such as functionalisation at the side-chain position of amino acids, are performed using post-translational modification enzymes or incorporation of unnatural amino acids. However, accessing these modifications remains a challenge for organic chemists. During the past decades, selective C-H activation/functionalisation has attracted considerable attention in synthetic organic chemistry as a pathway to peptide modification. Various directing group strategies have been discovered that assist selective C-H activation. In particular, bidentate directing groups that enable tuneable and reversible coordination are now recognised as one of the most efficient methods for the site-selective C-H activation and functionalisation of numerous families of organic compounds. Synthetic peptide chemists have harnessed bidentate directing group strategies for selective functionalisation of the β- and γ-positions of amino acids. This method has been expanded and recognised as an effective device for the late stage macrocyclisation and total synthesis of complex peptide natural products. In this review, we discuss various β-, γ-, and δ-C(sp3)-H bond functionalisation reactions of amino acids for the formation of C-X bonds with the aid of directing groups and their application in late-stage macrocyclisation and the total synthesis of complex peptide natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabani
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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13
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Sun J, Sun H, Hao L, Liu H, Zhang Z, Wen F, Li H, Duan G, You G, Xia C. Metal‐Free Synthesis of Pyrrole‐imidazole Alkaloids via a Tandem C−N, C−C coupling Protocol. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyi Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Hao
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuang Li
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Duan
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Guirong You
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Institute of Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong First Medical University
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
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14
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Bisht N, Babu SA, Tomar R. Pd(II)‐Catalyzed, Bidentate Directing Group‐aided Alkylation of sp
3
γ‐C−H Bonds: Access to 3‐Alkylated Thiophene/Furan and Benzothiophene/Benzofuran Motifs. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Bisht
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O. Punjab 140306 India
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O. Punjab 140306 India
| | - Radha Tomar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O. Punjab 140306 India
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15
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Chen YQ, Wu Y, Wang Z, Qiao JX, Yu JQ. Transient Directing Group Enabled Pd-catalyzed γ-C(sp 3)-H Oxygenation of Alkyl Amines. ACS Catal 2020; 10:5657-5662. [PMID: 33996194 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a general protocol for γ-C(sp3)-H acyloxylation and alkoxylation of free amines using 2-hydroxynicotinaldehyde as the transient directing group. In the presence of an electrophilic fluorinating bystanding oxidant and acetic acid, a wide range of aliphatic amines could be oxygenated selectively at the γ-methyl positions. A vast variety of aryl, heteroaryl, and aliphatic acids could also be successfully coupled under this C-O bond formation reaction to afford amine containing esters. Switching the nucleophile from acids to alcohols enables alkoxylation of free amines. Importantly, natural products and drug molecules such as ibuprofen, isozepac, fenbufen, and lithocholic acid are all compatible coupling partners. Notably, synthesis of these mono-protected amino alcohols from free amino alcohols using conventional selective protection are not always feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yongwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jennifer X. Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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16
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Jing X, Jin K. A gold mine for drug discovery: Strategies to develop cyclic peptides into therapies. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:753-810. [PMID: 31599007 DOI: 10.1002/med.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile therapeutic modality, peptides attract much attention because of their great binding affinity, low toxicity, and the capability of targeting traditionally "undruggable" protein surfaces. However, the deficiency of cell permeability and metabolic stability always limits the success of in vitro bioactive peptides as drug candidates. Peptide macrocyclization is one of the most established strategies to overcome these limitations. Over the past decades, more than 40 cyclic peptide drugs have been clinically approved, the vast majority of which are derived from natural products. The de novo discovered cyclic peptides on the basis of rational design and in vitro evolution, have also enabled the binding with targets for which nature provides no solutions. The current review summarizes different classes of cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities, and presents an overview of various approaches to develop cyclic peptide-based drug candidates, drawing upon series of examples to illustrate each strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Jing
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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17
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Alemán-Ponce de León D, Sánchez-Chávez AC, Polindara-García LA. Pd-Mediated γ-C(sp3)–H Bond Activation in Ammonia–Ugi 4-CR Adducts by Using Picolinamide as Directing Group. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12809-12834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alemán-Ponce de León
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Anahí C. Sánchez-Chávez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Luis A. Polindara-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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18
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Chow HY, Zhang Y, Matheson E, Li X. Ligation Technologies for the Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9971-10001. [PMID: 31318534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides have been attracting a lot of attention in recent decades, especially in the area of drug discovery, as more and more naturally occurring cyclic peptides with diverse biological activities have been discovered. Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptides is essential when studying their structure-activity relationships. Conventional peptide cyclization methods via direct coupling have inherent limitations, like the susceptibility to epimerization at the C-terminus, poor solubility of fully protected peptide precursors, and low yield caused by oligomerization. In this regard, chemoselective ligation-mediated cyclization methods have emerged as effective strategies for cyclic peptide synthesis. The toolbox for cyclic peptide synthesis has been expanded substantially in the past two decades, allowing more efficient synthesis of cyclic peptides with various scaffolds and modifications. This Review will explore different chemoselective ligation technologies used for cyclic peptide synthesis that generate both native and unnatural peptide linkages. The practical issues and limitations of different methods will be discussed. The advance in cyclic peptide synthesis will benefit the biological and medicinal study of cyclic peptides, an important class of macrocycles with potentials in numerous fields, notably in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yee Chow
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Eilidh Matheson
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH8 9LE , United Kingdom
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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19
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Agouridas V, El Mahdi O, Diemer V, Cargoët M, Monbaliu JCM, Melnyk O. Native Chemical Ligation and Extended Methods: Mechanisms, Catalysis, Scope, and Limitations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7328-7443. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ouafâa El Mahdi
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, BP 1223 Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Vincent Diemer
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marine Cargoët
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Building B6a, Room 3/16a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- UMR CNRS 8204, Centre d’Immunité et d’Infection de Lille, University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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20
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Duan HZ, Chen HX, Yu Q, Hu J, Li YM, Chen YX. Stereoselective synthesis of a phosphonate pThr mimetic via palladium-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)–H activation for peptide preparation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2099-2102. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile and efficient synthetic strategy toward a CH2-substituted phosphonate pThr mimetic and its application in phosphopeptide inhibitor synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Hong-Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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21
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Jin K, Li X. Advances in Native Chemical Ligation-Desulfurization: A Powerful Strategy for Peptide and Protein Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:17397-17404. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry; State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
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22
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Jia WL, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ. Ligand-Enabled γ-C(sp3)-H Acetoxylation of Triflyl-Protected Amines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Jia
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Ángeles Fernández-Ibáñez
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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23
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Chu GC, Bai JS, Kong YF, Fan J, Sun SS, Xu HJ, Shi J, Li YM. Efficient semi-synthesis of ubiquitin-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Wang Y, Han L, Yuan N, Wang H, Li H, Liu J, Chen H, Zhang Q, Dong S. Traceless β-mercaptan-assisted activation of valinyl benzimidazolinones in peptide ligations. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1940-1946. [PMID: 29675240 PMCID: PMC5892131 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl thioesters or their surrogates with C-terminal β-branched hydrophobic amino acid residues usually exhibit poor reactivities in ligation reactions. Thus, activation using exogenous additives is required to ensure an acceptable reaction efficiency. Herein, we report a traceless ligation at Val-Xaa sites under mild thiol additive-free reaction conditions, whereby the introduction of β-mercaptan on the C-terminal valine residue effectively activates the otherwise unreactive N-acyl-benzimidazolinone (Nbz), and enables the use of a one-pot ligation-desulfurization strategy to generate the desired peptide products. The orthogonality between β-thiovaline-Nbz and a conventional alkyl thioester, as well as the convenient access to the former from readily available penicillamine, also allowed expedited assembly of the peptidic hormone β-LPH and hPTH analogues, based on a kinetically controlled one-pot three-segment ligation and desulfurization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Lin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Ning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Hanxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Jinrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , Albany , New York 12222 , USA .
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany , Albany , New York 12222 , USA .
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Department of Chemical Biology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China .
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25
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Zheng Y, Song W, Zhu Y, Wei B, Xuan L. Pd-Catalyzed Acetoxylation of γ-C(sp3)–H Bonds of Amines Directed by a Removable Bts-Protecting Group. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2448-2454. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yefu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bole Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijiang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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26
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Bi X, Pasunooti KK, Liu CF. Total chemical and semisynthetic approaches for the preparation of ubiquitinated proteins and their applications. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Parella R, Babu SA. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Arylation and Intramolecular Amidation of γ-C(sp3)–H Bonds: En Route to Arylheteroarylmethane and Pyrrolidone Ring Annulated Furan/Thiophene Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7123-7150. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramarao Parella
- Department Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge
City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge
City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli P.O., Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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