1
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Ma N, Kong J, Zhang X. Vitamin B 12-catalyzed electro-polymerization for ultrasensitive RNA detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108578. [PMID: 37742523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 being a natural catalyst in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good biocompatibility and high catalytic efficiency. In this report, an electrochemical biosensor of the lung cancer biomarker microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is designed for early screening of lung cancer with high sensitivity at the femtomolar level. In this approach, hairpin DNA with N3 end group was first attached to the electrode surface. When miRNA-21 was present and paired with hairpin DNA, the N3 group released and attached to the ATRP initiator through "click reaction". Through eATRP, a large number of FerrocenylMethyl Methacrylate (FcMMA) monomers polymerized into long chains for signal amplification. These long chains had a distinct electrical signal in the square wave voltammetry (SWV), which can detect RNA with high sensitivity. The limit of detection (LOD) goes down to 1.010 fM after ATRP polymerization, which is lower than that of the majority of other ultra-sensitive RNA electrochemical assays. Results also show that the vitamin B12-based electrochemical biosensor is highly selective and suitable for RNA detection in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Nan Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, PR China
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2
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Teye-Kau JHG, Ayodele MJ, Pitre SP. Vitamin B 12 -Photocatalyzed Cyclopropanation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes Using Dichloromethane as the Methylene Source. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316064. [PMID: 38015966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The cyclopropyl group is of great importance in medicinal chemistry, as it can be leveraged to influence a range of pharmaceutical properties in drug molecules. This report describes a Vitamin B12 -photocatalyzed approach for the cyclopropanation of electron-deficient alkenes using dichloromethane (CH2 Cl2 ) as the methylene source. The reaction proceeds in good to excellent yields under mild conditions, has excellent functional group compatibility, and is highly chemoselective. The scope could also be extended to the preparation of D2 -cyclopropyl and methyl-substituted cyclopropyl adducts starting from CD2 Cl2 and 1,1-dichloroethane, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hayford G Teye-Kau
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Mayokun J Ayodele
- Weaver Labs LLC, 1110 S. Innovation Way Dr., #130, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - Spencer P Pitre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, 107 Physical Sciences, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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3
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Dadashi-Silab S, Preston-Herrera C, Stache EE. Vitamin B 12 Derivative Enables Cobalt-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19387-19395. [PMID: 37606469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in controlled radical polymerizations by cobalt complexes have primarily taken advantage of the reactivity of cobalt as a persistent radical to reversibly deactivate propagating chains by forming a carbon-cobalt bond. However, cobalt-mediated radical polymerizations require stoichiometric ratios of a cobalt complex, deterring its utility in synthesizing well-defined polymers. Here, we developed a strategy to use cobalt as a catalyst to control radical polymerizations via halogen atom transfer with alkyl halide initiators. Using a modified, hydrophobic analogue of vitamin B12 (heptamethyl ester cobyrinate) as a cobalt precatalyst, we controlled the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The polymerization efficiency of the cobalt catalyst was significantly improved by additional bromide anions, which enhanced the deactivation of propagating radicals yielding polymers with dispersity values <1.2 using catalyst concentrations as low as 5 mol %. We anticipate that the development of cobalt catalysis in atom transfer radical polymerization will enable new opportunities in designing catalytic systems for the controlled synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cristina Preston-Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Yang X, Zhou J, Wu S, Yu W. Copper-mediated bromine atom transfer radical cyclisation of unactivated alkyl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37401443 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02430j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The atom transfer radical cyclisation of unactivated alkyl bromides was realized by using a catalytic system of CuBr and Me6-TREN. This protocol is applicable to the preparation of five-membered rings from unsaturated primary and secondary bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shuoren Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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5
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Jia H, Ritter T. α-Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α-Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208978. [PMID: 35895980 PMCID: PMC9804271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report an α-thianthrenium carbonyl species, as the equivalent of an α-carbonyl carbocation, which is generated by the radical conjugate addition of a trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt to Michael acceptors. The reactivity allows for the synthesis of Cα -tetrasubstituted α- and β-amino acid analogues via a Ritter reaction by addition of acetonitrile. Addition of hydroxide, methoxide, and even fluoride can afford α-heteroatom substituted α-phenylpropanoates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany,Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
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6
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Jia H, Ritter T. α‐Thianthrenium Carbonyl Species: The Equivalent of an α‐Carbonyl Carbocation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Department of Organic Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
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7
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Sen PP, Roy VJ, Raha Roy S. Electrochemical Activation of the C-X Bond on Demand: Access to the Atom Economic Group Transfer Reaction Triggered by Noncovalent Interaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9551-9564. [PMID: 35816013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An atom economic method demonstrates the involvement of noncovalent interaction via hydrogen or halogen bonding interaction in triggering paired electrolysis for the group transfer reactions. Specifically, this method demonstrated the bromination of several aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds through the activation of the C(sp3)-Br bond of organic-bromo derivatives on demand. This electrochemical protocol is mild, and mostly no additional electrolyte is needed, which makes the workup process straightforward. Unlike the existing regioselective monobromination methods, this work utilizes a relatively small amount (1.2 equiv) of bromine surrogates that releases bromine on demand under the electrochemical condition and after completion of the reaction generates acetophenone as a useful byproduct. Green metrics indicate this protocol has a very good atom efficiency with an E-factor of 26.86 kg of waste/1 kg of product. In addition to the scale-up process, this strategy could be extended to the transfer of chlorine and thioaryl units. An extensive mechanistic study is accomplished to validate the hypothesis of noncovalent interaction using computational, spectroscopic, and cyclic voltammetry studies. Finally, the applicability of this newly developed nonbonding interaction to trigger paired electrolysis was extended to the chemoselective debromination of several dihalo organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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8
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Wdowik T, Gryko D. C–C Bond Forming Reactions Enabled by Vitamin B 12─Opportunities and Challenges. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wdowik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Kostromitin VS, Zemtsov AA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Photocatalytic Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition of Activated Chlorides to Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav S. Kostromitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry 119991 Moscow Leninsky prosp. 47 Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry 119991 Moscow Leninskie Gory 1–3 Russian Federation
| | - Artem A. Zemtsov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry 119991 Moscow Leninsky prosp. 47 Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry 119991 Moscow Leninsky prosp. 47 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry 119991 Moscow Leninsky prosp. 47 Russian Federation
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10
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Homolyse unedler, gut verfügbarer Metallsubstratkomplexe: Eine komplementäre Aktivierungsstrategie in der Photoredoxkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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11
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Visible-Light-Induced Homolysis of Earth-Abundant Metal-Substrate Complexes: A Complementary Activation Strategy in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21100-21115. [PMID: 33599363 PMCID: PMC8519011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream applications of visible-light photoredox catalysis predominately involve outer-sphere single-electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) processes of precious metal RuII or IrIII complexes or of organic dyes with low photostability. Earth-abundant metal-based Mn Ln -type (M=metal, Ln =polydentate ligands) complexes are rapidly evolving as alternative photocatalysts as they offer not only economic and ecological advantages but also access to the complementary inner-sphere mechanistic modes, thereby transcending their inherent limitations of ultrashort excited-state lifetimes for use as effective photocatalysts. The generic process, termed visible-light-induced homolysis (VLIH), entails the formation of suitable light-absorbing ligated metal-substrate complexes (Mn Ln -Z; Z=substrate) that can undergo homolytic cleavage to generate Mn-1 Ln and Z. for further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Benchaphanthawee W, Peng CH. Organo-Cobalt Complexes in Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3628-3647. [PMID: 34132014 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes have played an essential role in different chemical reactions. One of them that has attracted substantial attention in polymer science is cobalt mediated radical polymerization (CMRP), which is famous for its remarkable efficiency in controlling the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and other less active monomers (LAMs). Two pathways, reversible termination (RT) and degenerative transfer (DT), were recognized to control the polymerization in CMRP and could be further used to rationalize the mechanism of other RDRP methods. These control mechanisms were then found to be correlated to the redox potential of cobalt complexes and thus could be judged more quantitatively. The control of polymer composition and tacticity could also be achieved by using CMRP. The hybridization of CMRP and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) could directly synthesize the vinyl acetate/methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate/styrene block copolymers in one pot. The copolymer of acrylates and 1-octene could be obtained by visible-light-induced CMRP. With the addition of bulky Lewis acid, CMRP of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) showed high isotacticities with the contents of meso dyads (m) and meso triads (mm) up to 94 % and 87 %, respectively, and generated the crystalline PDMA with Tm as high as 276 °C. This personal account reviewed the development of CMRP with the mechanistic understanding, the control of composition and stereoselectivity of the polymeric products, and its perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachara Benchaphanthawee
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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13
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Smoleń S, Wincenciuk A, Gryko D, Drapała O. Vitamin B12-Catalyzed Dicarbofunctionalization of Bromoalkenes Under Visible Light Irradiation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVitamin B12 plays a crucial role in enzymatic transformations. This natural compound proved also useful as a catalyst in numerous organic reactions. Commercial availability and lower cost than precious metal complexes, make cobalamin an attractive candidate for a broader use as a benign Co-catalyst. Herein, the vitamin B12-catalyzed dicarbofuntionalization of bromoalkenes with electrophilic olefins is reported leading to substituted pyrrolidines and piperidines in decent yields after only 15 minutes under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Smoleń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
| | - Olga Drapała
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology
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14
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Derr JB, Tamayo J, Clark JA, Morales M, Mayther MF, Espinoza EM, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Vullev VI. Multifaceted aspects of charge transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21583-21629. [PMID: 32785306 PMCID: PMC7544685 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charge transfer and charge transport are by far among the most important processes for sustaining life on Earth and for making our modern ways of living possible. Involving multiple electron-transfer steps, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been principally responsible for managing the energy flow in the biosphere of our planet since the Great Oxygen Event. It is impossible to imagine living organisms without charge transport mediated by ion channels, or electron and proton transfer mediated by redox enzymes. Concurrently, transfer and transport of electrons and holes drive the functionalities of electronic and photonic devices that are intricate for our lives. While fueling advances in engineering, charge-transfer science has established itself as an important independent field, originating from physical chemistry and chemical physics, focusing on paradigms from biology, and gaining momentum from solar-energy research. Here, we review the fundamental concepts of charge transfer, and outline its core role in a broad range of unrelated fields, such as medicine, environmental science, catalysis, electronics and photonics. The ubiquitous nature of dipoles, for example, sets demands on deepening the understanding of how localized electric fields affect charge transfer. Charge-transfer electrets, thus, prove important for advancing the field and for interfacing fundamental science with engineering. Synergy between the vastly different aspects of charge-transfer science sets the stage for the broad global impacts that the advances in this field have.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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15
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Shimakoshi H, Shichijo K, Tominaga S, Hisaeda Y, Fujitsuka M, Majima T. Catalytic Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides via Excited State Electron Transfer from the Co(I) State of B12 Complex. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Shimakoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keita Shichijo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shiori Tominaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Suita, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Suita, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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16
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Ociepa M, Wierzba AJ, Turkowska J, Gryko D. Polarity-Reversal Strategy for the Functionalization of Electrophilic Strained Molecules via Light-Driven Cobalt Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5355-5361. [PMID: 32105464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Strain-release-driven methodology is a powerful tool for accessing structural motifs, highly desirable by the pharmaceutical industry. The reactivity of spring-loaded cyclic reagents is dominated by transformations relying on their inherent electrophilic reactivity. Herein, we present a polarity-reversal strategy based on light-driven cobalt catalysis, which enables the generation of nucleophilic radicals through strain release. The applicability of this methodology is demonstrated by the design of two distinct types of reactions: Giese-type addition and Co/Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling. Moreover, a series of electrochemical, spectroscopic, and kinetic experiments as well as X-ray structural analysis of the intermediate alkylcobalt(III) complex give deeper insight into the mechanism of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ociepa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra J Wierzba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Turkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Lardy SW, Schmidt VA. Intermolecular Aminoallylation of Alkenes Using Allyl-Oxyphthalimide Derivatives: A Case Study in Radical Polarity Effects. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Lardy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Dr 92093 La Jolla CA USA
| | - Valerie A. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Dr 92093 La Jolla CA USA
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18
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Demarteau J, Debuigne A, Detrembleur C. Organocobalt Complexes as Sources of Carbon-Centered Radicals for Organic and Polymer Chemistries. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6906-6955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Demarteau
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Building B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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19
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Claros M, Ungeheuer F, Franco F, Martin‐Diaconescu V, Casitas A, Lloret‐Fillol J. Reductive Cyclization of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with Tethered Alkenes under Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4869-4874. [PMID: 30707782 PMCID: PMC6519206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical inertness of abundant and commercially available alkyl chlorides precludes their widespread use as reactants in chemical transformations. Presented in this work is a metallaphotoredox methodology to achieve the catalytic intramolecular reductive cyclization of unactivated alkyl chlorides with tethered alkenes. The cleavage of strong C(sp3 )-Cl bonds is mediated by a highly nucleophilic low-valent cobalt or nickel intermediate generated by visible-light photoredox reduction employing a copper photosensitizer. The high basicity and multidentate nature of the ligands are key to obtaining efficient metal catalysts for the functionalization of unactivated alkyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Claros
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvda. Països Catalans, 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvda. Països Catalans, 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Federico Franco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvda. Països Catalans, 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Vlad Martin‐Diaconescu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvda. Països Catalans, 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Alicia Casitas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvda. Països Catalans, 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Julio Lloret‐Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAvda. Països Catalans, 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)Passeig Lluïs Companys, 2308010BarcelonaSpain
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20
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Claros M, Ungeheuer F, Franco F, Martin‐Diaconescu V, Casitas A, Lloret‐Fillol J. Reductive Cyclization of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with Tethered Alkenes under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Claros
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Felix Ungeheuer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Federico Franco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Vlad Martin‐Diaconescu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Alicia Casitas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Julio Lloret‐Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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21
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Pu W, Sun D, Fan W, Pan W, Chai Q, Wang X, Lv Y. Cu-Catalyzed atom transfer radical addition reactions of alkenes with α-bromoacetonitrile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4821-4824. [PMID: 30946406 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01988j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A practical, simple, and efficient copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical addition reaction of alkenes with α-bromoacetonitrile is realized. With this methodology, various γ-bromonitriles and β,γ-unsaturated nitriles were efficiently constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, P. R. China.
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22
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Otake Y, Williams JD, Rincón JA, de Frutos O, Mateos C, Kappe CO. Photochemical benzylic bromination in continuous flow using BrCCl3 and its application to telescoped p-methoxybenzyl protection. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1384-1388. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00044e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical benzylic bromination in flow using BrCCl3, which is compatible with electron-rich aromatics, allowing in situ p-methoxybenzyl bromide formation and PMB-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Otake
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | - Juan A. Rincón
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Oscar de Frutos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - Carlos Mateos
- Centro de Investigación Lilly S.A
- 28108 Alcobendas-Madrid
- Spain
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- NAWI Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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23
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Photochemical generation of radicals from alkyl electrophiles using a nucleophilic organic catalyst. Nat Chem 2018; 11:129-135. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Tahara K, Pan L, Ono T, Hisaeda Y. Learning from B 12 enzymes: biomimetic and bioinspired catalysts for eco-friendly organic synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2553-2567. [PMID: 30410616 PMCID: PMC6204771 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamins (B12) play various important roles in vivo. Most B12-dependent enzymes are divided into three main subfamilies: adenosylcobalamin-dependent isomerases, methylcobalamin-dependent methyltransferases, and dehalogenases. Mimicking these B12 enzyme functions under non-enzymatic conditions offers good understanding of their elaborate reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, bio-inspiration offers a new approach to catalytic design for green and eco-friendly molecular transformations. As part of a study based on vitamin B12 derivatives including heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate, we describe biomimetic and bioinspired catalytic reactions with B12 enzyme functions. The reactions are classified according to the corresponding three B12 enzyme subfamilies, with a focus on our recent development on electrochemical and photochemical catalytic systems. Other important reactions are also described, with a focus on radical-involved reactions in terms of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishiro Tahara
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori, Ako 678-1297, Japan
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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