1
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Calderón JC, Plut E, Keller M, Cabrele C, Reiser O, Gervasio FL, Clark T. Extended Metadynamics Protocol for Binding/Unbinding Free Energies of Peptide Ligands to Class A G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:205-218. [PMID: 38150388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A metadynamics protocol is presented to characterize the binding and unbinding of peptide ligands to class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The protocol expands on the one previously presented for binding and unbinding small-molecule ligands to class A GPCRs and accounts for the more demanding nature of the peptide binding-unbinding process. It applies to almost all class A GPCRs. Exemplary simulations are described for subtypes Y1R, Y2R, and Y4R of the neuropeptide Y receptor family, vasopressin binding to the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R), and oxytocin binding to the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Binding free energies and the positions of alternative binding sites are presented and, where possible, compared with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Calderón
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Naegelsbachstr. 25, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Eva Plut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93040, Germany
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | | | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Naegelsbachstr. 25, Erlangen 91052, Germany
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2
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Fischer S, Nguyen TTH, Ratzenboeck A, Davies HML, Reiser O. Correction to "Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexenes via Strong-Acid-Mediated Endocyclic C-C Bond Cleavage of Monocyclopropanated Cyclopentadienes". Org Lett 2023; 25:5922. [PMID: 37532678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
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3
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Mandal T, Katta N, Paps H, Reiser O. Merging Cu(I) and Cu(II) Photocatalysis: Development of a Versatile Oxohalogenation Protocol for the Sequential Cu(II)/Cu(I)-Catalyzed Oxoallylation of Vinylarenes. ACS Org Inorg Au 2023; 3:171-176. [PMID: 37545656 PMCID: PMC10401886 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A sequential photocatalytic strategy is developed via the merger of Cu(II)/Cu(I)-catalytic cycles for the oxoallylation of vinyl arenes via α-haloketones. The initial Cu(II)-photocatalyzed oxohalogenation exploits ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to generate halide radicals from acyl halides utilizing air as a terminal oxidant and can be employed for the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. α-Bromoketones obtained this way can be subsequently subjected to a one-pot Cu(I)-photocatalyzed allylation. This sequential photocatalysis proceeds in a highly regio- and chemoselective fashion and is inconsequential to the electronic nature of styrenes.
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4
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Plut E, Calderón JC, Stanojlović V, Gattor AO, Höring C, Humphrys LJ, Konieczny A, Kerres S, Schubert M, Keller M, Cabrele C, Clark T, Reiser O. Stereochemistry-Driven Interactions of α,γ-Peptide Ligands with the Neuropeptide Y Y 4-Receptor. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37440703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled Y4-receptor (Y4R) and its endogenous ligand, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), suppress appetite in response to food intake and, thus, are attractive drug targets for body-weight control. The C-terminus of human PP (hPP), T32-R33-P34-R35-Y36-NH2, penetrates deep into the binding pocket with its tyrosine-amide and di-arginine motif. Here, we present two C-terminally amidated α,γ-hexapeptides (1a/b) with sequence Ac-R31-γ-CBAA32-R33-L34-R35-Y36-NH2, where γ-CBAA is the (1R,2S,3R)-configured 2-(aminomethyl)-3-phenylcyclobutanecarboxyl moiety (1a) or its mirror image (1b). Both peptides bind the Y4R (Ki of 1a/b: 0.66/12 nM) and act as partial agonists (intrinsic activity of 1a/b: 50/39%). Their induced-fit binding poses in the Y4R pocket are unique and build ligand-receptor contacts distinct from those of the C-terminus of the endogenous ligand hPP. We conclude that energetically favorable interactions, although they do not match those of the native ligand hPP, still guarantee high binding affinity (with 1a rivaling hPP) but not the maximum receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Plut
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline C Calderón
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vesna Stanojlović
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Albert O Gattor
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura J Humphrys
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam Konieczny
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kerres
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer-Chemistry-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Fischer S, Nguyen TTH, Ratzenboeck A, Davies HML, Reiser O. Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexenes via Strong-Acid-Mediated Endocyclic C-C Bond Cleavage of Monocyclopropanated Cyclopentadienes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37249213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective, solvent- and metal-free endocyclic C-C bond cleavage of monocyclopropanated cyclopentadienes mediated by strong acids was developed, leading to highly functionalized six-membered carbocycles with high stereocontrol. The critical step for this ring-expansion is the formation of a cyclopropyl carbocation that undergoes endocyclic ring opening via an SN2'-type attack of various nucleophiles. Subsequent synthetic transformations show the versatility of the resulting cyclohexenes for the synthesis of new compounds with nonconventional substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Terrence-Thang H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Andreas Ratzenboeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Paenkaew S, Mahanitipong U, Rutnakornpituk M, Reiser O. Magnetite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Thermoresponsive Polymers as a Palladium Support for Olefin and Nitroarene Hydrogenation. ACS Omega 2023; 8:14531-14540. [PMID: 37125099 PMCID: PMC10134246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A thermoresponsive and recyclable nanomaterial was synthesized by surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAAm-co-DEAEMA)), having PNIPAAm as a thermoresponsive moiety and PDEAEMA for catalyst binding. Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were incorporated into this material, and the resulting nanocatalyst was efficient in the hydrogenation of olefins and nitro compounds with turnover frequencies (TOFs) up to 750 h-1. Consistent catalytic activity in 10 consecutive runs was observed when performing the hydrogenation at 45 °C, i.e., above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer (37 °C), followed by cooling to 15 °C, i.e., below the LCST of the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Paenkaew
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Usana Mahanitipong
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Metha Rutnakornpituk
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Reichle A, Koch M, Sterzel H, Großkopf LJ, Floß J, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Copper(I) Photocatalyzed Bromonitroalkylation of Olefins: Evidence for Highly Efficient Inner‐Sphere Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202219086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reichle
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy: Universitat Regensburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Magdalena Koch
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy: Universitat Regensburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hannes Sterzel
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy: Universitat Regensburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lea-Joy Großkopf
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy: Universitat Regensburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Johannes Floß
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy: Universitat Regensburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Julia Rehbein
- University of Regensburg Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy: Universitat Regensburg Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Oliver Reiser
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Chemistry and Pharmacy Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg GERMANY
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8
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Reichle A, Koch M, Sterzel H, Großkopf LJ, Floss J, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Copper(I) Photocatalyzed Bromonitroalkylation of Olefins: Evidence for Highly Efficient Inner-Sphere Pathways. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219086. [PMID: 36732299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the visible light-mediated copper-catalyzed vicinal difunctionalization of olefins utilizing bromonitroalkanes as ATRA reagents. This protocol is characterized by high yields and fast reaction times under environmentally benign reaction conditions with exceptional scope, allowing the rapid functionalization of both activated and unactivated olefins. Moreover, late-stage functionnalization of biologically active molecules and upscaling to gram quantities is demonstrated, which offers manifold possibilities for further transformations, e.g. access to nitro- and aminocyclopropanes. Besides the synthetic utility of the title transformation, this study undergirds the exclusive role of copper in photoredox catalysis showing its ability to stabilize and interact with radical intermediates in its coordination sphere. EPR studies suggest that such interactions can even outperform a highly favorable cyclization of transient to persistent radicals contrasting iridium-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reichle
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Koch
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Sterzel
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lea-Joy Großkopf
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Floss
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Fakultät Chemie & Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Reichle A, Reiser O. Light-induced Homolysis of Copper(II)-complexes – a Perspective for Photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4449-4462. [PMID: 37152247 PMCID: PMC10155906 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, photocatalysis has developed as a powerful strategy for the selective functionalization of molecules through radical intermediates. Besides the well-established iridium- or ruthenium-based photocatalysts, which ideally fulfill...
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10
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Petek N, Brodnik H, Reiser O, Štefane B. Copper- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Cascade to Trifluoromethylated Divinyl Sulfones. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6538-6547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nejc Petek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helena Brodnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Štefane
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Katta N, Zhao QQ, Mandal T, Reiser O. Divergent and Synergistic Photocatalysis: Hydro- and Oxoalkylation of Vinyl Arenes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopentanols via a Formal [4+1]-Annulation of 1,3-Dicarbonyls. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14398-14407. [PMID: 36439036 PMCID: PMC9680001 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The controllable
divergent reactivity of 1,3-dicarbonyls is described,
which enables the efficient hydro- and oxoalkylation of vinyl arenes.
Both reaction pathways are initiated through the formation of polarity-reversed C-centered-radical intermediates at the active methylene
center of 1,3-dicarbonyls via direct photocatalytic C–H bond
transformations. The oxoalkylation of alkenes is achieved under aerobic
conditions via a Cu(II)-photomediated rebound mechanism, while
the corresponding hydroalkylation becomes possible under a nitrogen
atmosphere by the combination of 4CzIPN and a Brønsted base.
The breadth of these divergent protocols is demonstrated in the late-stage
modification of drugs and natural products and by the transformation
of the products to a variety of heterocycles such as pyridines, pyrroles,
or furans. Moreover, the two catalytic modes can be combined synergistically
for the stereoselective construction of cyclopentanol derivatives
in a formal [4+1]-annulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narenderreddy Katta
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Quan-Qing Zhao
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tirtha Mandal
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Chinchole A, Henriquez MA, Cortes-Arriagada D, Cabrera AR, Reiser O. Iron(III)-Light-Induced Homolysis: A Dual Photocatalytic Approach for the Hydroacylation of Alkenes Using Acyl Radicals via Direct HAT from Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Chinchole
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
| | - Marco A. Henriquez
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile
| | - Diego Cortes-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577 , Chile
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 702843, Chile
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
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13
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Etl F, Kaiser C, Reiser O, Schubert M, Dötterl S, Schönenberger J. Evidence for the recruitment of florivorous plant bugs as pollinators. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4688-4698.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions are linchpin transformations in synthetic chemistry enabling the atom-economic difunctionalization of alkenes. Thereby a rich chemical space can be accessed through smart combinations of simple starting materials. Originally, these reactions required toxic and hazardous radical initiators or harsh thermal activation and thus, the recent resurgence and dramatic evolution of photocatalysis appeared as an attractive complement to catalyze such transformations in a mild and energy-efficient manner. Initially, this technique relied primarily on complexes of precious metals, such as ruthenium or iridium, to absorb the visible light. Hence, copper photocatalysis rapidly developed into a powerful alternative, not just from an economic point of view. Originally considered to be disadvantageous as a pathway for deactivation by quenching their excited state, the dynamic nature of Cu-complexes enables them to undergo facile ligand exchange and thus opens up special opportunities for transformations utilizing their inner-coordination sphere. Moreover, the ability of Cu(II), representing a persistent radical, to capture incipient radicals offers the possibility to access heretofore elusive two-component, but also three-component, ATRA reactions, not feasible with ruthenium or iridium catalysts. In this regard, the idea of using Cu(I)-substrate assemblies as active photocatalysts is an emerging field to achieve such 3-component coupling reactions even under enantioselective control, which is reflected by an increasing number of reports being covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Engl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Kumar M, Verma S, Mishra V, Reiser O, Verma AK. Visible-Light-Accelerated Copper-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of N-Tosylcyclopropylamines with Alkynes/Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6263-6272. [PMID: 35476544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions of N-tosylcyclopropylamine with alkynes and alkenes have been accomplished under visible light irradiation. The developed approach is compatible with a range of functionalities and allows the synthesis of diversified aminated cyclopentene and cyclopentane derivatives being relevant for drug synthesis. The protocol is operationally simple and economically affordable as it does not require any ligand, base, or additives. As the key step, the one-electron oxidation of the N-tosyl moiety by visible light-induced homolysis of a transient Cu(II)-tosylamide complex is proposed, providing a facile entry for N-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shalini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vivek Mishra
- Amity Institute of Click-Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Akhilesh K Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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16
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Babl T, Reiser O. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Meptazinol. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6410-6417. [PMID: 35410473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of (S)-meptazinol in 14 steps from commercially available ethyl 4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate, being widely used in racemic form for pain treatment, and, en route, the formal synthesis of two anti-Alzheimer's agents are reported. A novel ring expansion of 2-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes, readily available via the stereoselective cyclopropanation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-4-ols, provides an effective entry to 3,3-disubstituted azepanes that represent the core for a variety of approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Babl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Reichle A, Sterzel H, Kreitmeier P, Fayad R, Castellano FN, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Copper(II)-photocatalyzed decarboxylative oxygenation of carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4456-4459. [PMID: 35201250 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00570k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Showcasing the concept of light-induced homolysis for the generation of radicals, the CuII-photocatalyzed decarboxylative oxygenation of carboxylic acids with molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant is described. Two CuII-carboxylate complexes with different coordination geometries were synthesized and characterized by X-ray analysis, correlating their structure with their ability to initiate light-induced decarboxylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reichle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hannes Sterzel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kreitmeier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Remi Fayad
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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18
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Mansawat W, Yukhet P, Bhanthumnavin W, Reiser O, Vilaivan T. Kinetic Resolution of dl-Hydrobenzoins Catalyzed by Copper(II) Complexes of C2-Symmetric Thiophene-Derived Ligands. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1815-7091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
C2 symmetrical chiral amino alcohol ligands with a central thiophene moiety have shown to be effective in combination with CuCl2 in the asymmetric acylation of dl-hydrobenzoins. In contrast to previously developed chiral ligands, readily available acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride can be used as reagents in addition to the benzoyl chloride giving rise to the corresponding monoacylated products in up to 99 %ee (S = 532).
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Affiliation(s)
- Woraluk Mansawat
- Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phanomsak Yukhet
- Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Oliver Reiser
- Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Department of Chemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Sheikh S, Nasseri MA, Chahkandi M, Reiser O, Allahresani A. Dendritic structured palladium complexes: magnetically retrievable, highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8833-8840. [PMID: 35424882 PMCID: PMC8985118 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recyclable nanomagnetic Pd-complex PAMAM G0-Pd@γ-Fe2O3 is reported for catalytic C–C cross-coupling reactions of challenging substrates. Mainly, a great variety of aryl chlorides can be used as substrates for Suzuki–Miyaura and Mizoroki–Heck reactions under mild reaction conditions (60–90 °C) and low catalyst loading (<1 mol% Pd) in aqueous media. The presence of numerous polar groups in the polymer matrix increases the solubility of the catalyst in water, thus facilitating its operation in aqueous environments. The immobilization of the catalyst on the surface of a magnetic platform allows its effective recovery and reuse without significant loss of catalytic activity for at least six cycles with total leaching of <1% palladium metal, meeting the requirements for acceptable metal residues in the pharmaceutical industry. The recyclable nanomagnetic Pd-complex PAMAM G0-Pd@γ-Fe2O3 is reported for catalytic C–C cross-coupling reactions of challenging substrates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand P. O. Box 97175-615 Birjand Iran .,Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg German
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand P. O. Box 97175-615 Birjand Iran
| | - Mohammad Chahkandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University P. O. Box 96179-76487 Sabzevar Iran
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg German
| | - Ali Allahresani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand P. O. Box 97175-615 Birjand Iran
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20
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Chaibuth P, Chuaytanee N, Hojitsiriyanont J, Chainok K, Wacharasindhu S, Reiser O, Sukwattanasinitt M. Copper( ii) complexes of quinoline-based ligands for efficient photoredox catalysis of atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cu(ii)·1Q is efficient in ATRA reactions with perhaloalkanes, revealing the role of common additives (AIBN or inorganic base).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawittra Chaibuth
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nontakarn Chuaytanee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jutawat Hojitsiriyanont
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Materials and Textiles Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dobler
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Leitner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Natalija Moor
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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22
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Eckl R, Fischer S, Sonnleitner CM, Schmidhuber D, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Stereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Tetrahydropyridines and Dihydro-2 H-pyrans via Ring-Expansion of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles. ACS Org Inorg Au 2021; 2:169-174. [PMID: 36855453 PMCID: PMC9954292 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective, scalable, and metal-free ring-expansion of monocyclopropanated pyrroles and furans has been developed, leading to value-added highly functionalized tetrahydropyridine and dihydro-2H-pyran derivatives. Featuring a cyclopropylcarbinyl cation rearrangement as the key step, the selective cleavage of the unactivated endocyclic cyclopropane C-C bond is achieved. Targeted transformations of the thus obtained six-membered heterocycles give access to versatile building blocks with relevance for drug synthesis.
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23
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Brandt K, Dötterl S, Ramírez SR, Etl F, Machado IC, Navarro DMDAF, Dobler D, Reiser O, Ayasse M, Milet-Pinheiro P. Unraveling the Olfactory Biases of Male Euglossine Bees: Species-Specific Antennal Responses and Their Evolutionary Significance for Perfume Flowers. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.727471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Male euglossine bees exhibit unique adaptations for the acquisition and accumulation of chemical compounds from “perfume flowers” and other sources. During courtship display, male bees expose perfume mixtures, presumably to convey species-specific recognition and/or mate choice signals to females. Because olfaction regulates both signal production (in males) and signal detection (in females) in this communication system, strong selective pressures are expected to act on the olfactory system, which could lead to sensory specialization in favor of an increased sensitivity to specific chemical compounds. The floral scents of euglossine-pollinated plants are hypothesized to have evolved in response to the preexisting sensory biases of their male euglossine bee pollinators. However, this has never been investigated at the peripheral olfactory circuitry of distinct pollinating genera. Here, we present a comparative analysis using electroantennography (EAG) of males across the phylogeny of 29 euglossine bee species, among them Euglossa and Eulaema species. First, we tested whether antennal responses differ among different euglossine genera, subgenera and species. Secondly, we conducted a comparative phylogenetic analysis to investigate the macroevolutionary patterns of antennal responses across the euglossine bee phylogeny. We found that antennal response profiles are very unique on the species level and differ on the subgenus and the genus level. The differences can be explained by chemical compounds typically found in the floral scent bouquets of perfume flowers and specific compounds of species either pollinated by Euglossa (e.g., ipsdienol) or Eulaema bees (e.g., (−)-(E)-carvone epoxide). Also, we detected a phylogenetic signal in mean antennal responses and found that especially at the species level of our simulation the overall antennal responses exhibit greater disparity relative to a null model of pure Brownian-motion across the phylogeny. Altogether, our results suggest that (1) euglossine bee species exhibit species-specific antennal responses that differ among euglossine genera and subgenera, (2) antennal responses diverge early after speciation events, and (3) scent composition of perfume flowers evolved in response to pollinator-mediated selection imposed by preexisting sensory biases in euglossine bees.
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24
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Henriquez MA, Engl S, Jaque P, Gonzalez IA, Natali M, Reiser O, Cabrera AR. Phosphine Evaluation on a New Series of Heteroleptic Copper(I) Photocatalysts with dpa Ligand [Cu(dpa)(
P,P
)]BF
4. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Henriquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago Chile
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Engl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad de Chile Sergio Livingstone 1007 8380492 Santiago Chile
| | - Ivan A. Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Central de Chile Lord Cochrane 418 Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Química Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Las Palmeras 3360 Ñuñoa Santiago Chile
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS) University of Ferrara, Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM), sez di Ferrara Via L Borsari 46 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alan R. Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química y de Farmacia Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago Chile
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25
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Homolyse unedler, gut verfügbarer Metallsubstratkomplexe: Eine komplementäre Aktivierungsstrategie in der Photoredoxkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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26
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Yedoyan J, Wurzer N, Klimczak U, Ertl T, Reiser O. Berichtigung: Regio‐ und stereoselektive Synthese von funktionalisierten Dihydropyridinen, Pyridinen und 2
H
‐Pyranen: Heck‐Kupplung an monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Abderrazak Y, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Visible-Light-Induced Homolysis of Earth-Abundant Metal-Substrate Complexes: A Complementary Activation Strategy in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21100-21115. [PMID: 33599363 PMCID: PMC8519011 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The mainstream applications of visible-light photoredox catalysis predominately involve outer-sphere single-electron transfer (SET) or energy transfer (EnT) processes of precious metal RuII or IrIII complexes or of organic dyes with low photostability. Earth-abundant metal-based Mn Ln -type (M=metal, Ln =polydentate ligands) complexes are rapidly evolving as alternative photocatalysts as they offer not only economic and ecological advantages but also access to the complementary inner-sphere mechanistic modes, thereby transcending their inherent limitations of ultrashort excited-state lifetimes for use as effective photocatalysts. The generic process, termed visible-light-induced homolysis (VLIH), entails the formation of suitable light-absorbing ligated metal-substrate complexes (Mn Ln -Z; Z=substrate) that can undergo homolytic cleavage to generate Mn-1 Ln and Z. for further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abderrazak
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Yedoyan J, Wurzer N, Klimczak U, Ertl T, Reiser O. Berichtigung: Regio‐ und stereoselektive Synthese von funktionalisierten Dihydropyridinen, Pyridinen und 2
H
‐Pyranen: Heck‐Kupplung an monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Wurzer N, Klimczak U, Babl T, Fischer S, Angnes RA, Kreutzer D, Pattanaik A, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Heck-Type Coupling of Fused Bicyclic Vinylcyclopropanes: Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydropyridines, 2,3-Dihydro-1 H-azepines, 1,4-Cyclohexadienes, and 2 H-Pyrans. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Wurzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Urszula Klimczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Babl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Angnes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Carlos Gomes, 241, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dominik Kreutzer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aryaman Pattanaik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Wang L, Wang X, Wang W, Liu W, Liu Y, Xie H, Reiser O, Zeng J, Cheng P. Visible-Light-Promoted Biomimetic Reductive Functionalization of Quaternary Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2390-2397. [PMID: 34325506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of an iminium C═N double bond is the most important phase I metabolism process associated with the cytotoxic property of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs). Inspired by the light-mediated reduction of QBAs with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a visible-light-promoted reductive functionalization reaction of QBAs is reported in this study. C4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) enable the direct reductive alkylation of QBA independently, serving as both single-electron-transfer reductant reagents under irradiation with 455 nm blue light in the absence of photocatalysts and additional additives. Our protocol can be further applied to the semisynthesis of natural 6-substituted dihydrobenzophenanthridine derivatives such as O-acetyl maclekarpine E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Hongqi Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Pi Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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31
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Krolo T, Bhattacharyya A, Reiser O. Accessing HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors through Visible-Light-Mediated Sequential Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Radical Conjugate Addition-Elimination-Oxa-Michael Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:6283-6287. [PMID: 34347496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic decarboxylative radical conjugate addition-elimination-oxa-Michael reaction of hydroxyalkylated carboxylic acids with cyclopentenones is developed to construct diverse cyclopentanonyl-fused functionalized 5-7 membered cyclic ethers. The stereoselective synthetic strategy is amenable to substructural variation, establishing a direct total synthetic route to two diastereomers of C3-amino cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl-derived potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with low nanomolar IC50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Krolo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Abramov A, Maiti B, Reiser O, Díaz Díaz D. An air-tolerant polymer gel-immobilized iridium photocatalyst with pumping recyclability properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7762-7765. [PMID: 34250985 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel methacrylate-based cross-linked polymer gel bearing an iridium photocatalyst showed air tolerance and pumping recyclability features through its tunable swelling and deswelling ability. The photocatalytic activity of the polymer gel was demonstrated through an E-to-Z isomerisation reaction and in an azide-alkene [2+3] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
| | - Binoy Maiti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany.
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna 38206, Spain. and Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna 38206, Spain
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33
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Abstract
Herein we report a catalyst- and metal-free visible-light-mediated protocol enabling the iodoamination of miscellaneous olefins. This protocol is characterized by high yields under environmentally benign reaction conditions utilizing commercially available substrates and a green and biodegradable solvent. Furthermore, the protocol allows for late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules and can be scaled to gram quantities of product, which offers manifold possibilities for further transformations, including morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and aziridine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Engl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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34
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Abramov A, Maiti B, Keridou I, Puiggalí J, Reiser O, Díaz DD. A pH‐Triggered Polymer Degradation or Drug Delivery System by Light‐Mediated
Cis
/
Trans
Isomerization of
o
‐Hydroxy Cinnamates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202170050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Abramov A, Maiti B, Keridou I, Puiggalí J, Reiser O, Díaz DD. A pH-Triggered Polymer Degradation or Drug Delivery System by Light-Mediated Cis/Trans Isomerization of o-Hydroxy Cinnamates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100213. [PMID: 34031940 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology for the pH-triggered degradation of polymers or for the release of drugs under visible light irradiation based on the cyclization of ortho-hydroxy-cinnamates (oHC) to coumarins is described. The key oHC structural motif can be readily incorporated into the rational design of novel photocleavable polymers via click chemistry. This main-chain moiety undergoes a fast photocleavage when irradiated with 455 nm light provided that a suitable base is added. A series of polyethylene glycol-alt-ortho-hydroxy cinnamate (polyethylene glycol (PEG)n -alt-oHC)-based polymers are synthesized and the time-dependent visible-light initiated cleavage of the photoactive monomer and polymer is investigated in solution by a variety of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. The photo-degradation behavior of the water-soluble poly(PEG2000 -alt-oHC) is investigated within a broad pH range (pH = 2.1-11.8), demonstrating fast degradation at pH 11.8, while the stability of the polymer is greatly enhanced at pH 2.1. Moreover, the neat polymer shows long-term stability under daylight conditions, thus allowing its storage without special precautions. In addition, two water-soluble PEG-based drug-carrier molecules (mPEG2000 -oHC-benzhydrol/phenol) are synthesized and used for drug delivery studies, monitoring the process by UV-vis spectroscopy in an ON/OFF intermittent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Binoy Maiti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ina Keridou
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, Ecola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Department d'Enginyeria Química, Ecola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona, 08019, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/Baldiri Reixax 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.,Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain.,Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain
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36
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Till M, Kelly JA, Ziegler CGP, Wolf R, Guo T, Ringenberg MR, Lutsker E, Reiser O. Synthesis and Characterization of Bidentate Isonitrile Iron Complexes. Organometallics 2021; 40:1042-1052. [PMID: 34054182 PMCID: PMC8155556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The divalent iron complexes trans-[FeBr2(BINC)2], [Cp*FeCl(BINC)] (Cp* = Me5C5), and [FeBr2(CNAr3NC)2] with the chelating bis(isonitrile) ligands BINC (bis(2-isocyanophenyl)phenylphosphonate) and CNAr3NC (2,2″-diisocyano-3,5,3″,5"tetramethyl-1,1':3',1″-terphenyl) have been prepared and characterized. Their subsequent reduction yields the di- and trinuclear compounds [Fe3(BINC)6], [Cp*Fe(BINC)]2, [Fe(CNAr3NC)2]2, and [K(Et2O)]2[Fe(CNAr3NC)2]2. The molecular structures of all new species were determined by X-ray crystallography and compared to those of related iron carbonyl complexes, demonstrating that the bidentate isonitrile ligands are capable surrogates for two CO ligands with only minimal distortion of the tetrahedral or octahedral geometry of the parent complexes. The complexes were further characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and the electrochemical properties of selected compounds were analyzed by UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Till
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph G P Ziegler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tianao Guo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mark R Ringenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eugen Lutsker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Zhi J, Zhou M, Zhang Z, Reiser O, Huang F. Interstitial boron-doped mesoporous semiconductor oxides for ultratransparent energy storage. Nat Commun 2021; 12:445. [PMID: 33469003 PMCID: PMC7815797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Realizing transparent and energy-dense supercapacitor is highly challenging, as there is a trade-off between energy storing capability and transparency in the active material film. We report here that interstitial boron-doped mesoporous semiconductor oxide shows exceptional electrochemical capacitance which rivals other pseudocapacitive materials, while maintaining its transparent characteristic. This improvement is credited to the robust redox reactions at interstitial boron-associated defects that transform inert semiconductor oxides into an electrochemically active material without affecting its transparency. By precisely tuning the level of doping, the pseudocapacitive reactivity of these materials is optimized, resulting in a volumetric capacitance up to 1172 F cm-3. Attributing to such efficient charge storage utilization on the active film, the fabricated transparent supercapacitor delivers a maximum areal energy density of 1.36 × 10-3 mWh cm-2 that is close to those of conventional pseudocapacitive materials, with nearly 100% capacitance retention after 15000 cycles and ultrahigh transparency (up to 85% transmittance at 550 nm). In addition, this device shows excellent durability and flexibility with multiple optional outputs, demonstrating the potential as a transparent energy supply in planar electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Min Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Panzeri S, Arosio D, Gazzola S, Belvisi L, Civera M, Potenza D, Vasile F, Kemker I, Ertl T, Sewald N, Reiser O, Piarulli U. Cyclic RGD and isoDGR Integrin Ligands Containing cis-2-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic ( cis-β-ACPC) Scaffolds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245966. [PMID: 33339382 PMCID: PMC7766232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin ligands containing the tripeptide sequences Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and iso-Asp-Gly- Arg (isoDGR) were actively investigated as inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis and directing unit in tumor-targeting drug conjugates. Reported herein is the synthesis, of two RGD and one isoDGR cyclic peptidomimetics containing (1S,2R) and (1R,2S) cis-2-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis-β-ACPC), using a mixed solid phase/solution phase synthetic protocol. The three ligands were examined in vitro in competitive binding assays to the purified αvβ3 and α5β1 receptors using biotinylated vitronectin (αvβ3) and fibronectin (α5β1) as natural displaced ligands. The IC50 values of the ligands ranged from nanomolar (the two RGD ligands) to micromolar (the isoDGR ligand) with a pronounced selectivity for αvβ3 over α5β1. In vitro cell adhesion assays were also performed using the human skin melanoma cell line WM115 (rich in integrin αvβ3). The two RGD ligands showed IC50 values in the same micromolar range as the reference compound (cyclo[RGDfV]), while for the isoDGR derivative an IC50 value could not be measured for the cell adhesion assay. A conformational analysis of the free RGD and isoDGR ligands by NMR (VT-NMR and NOESY experiments) and computational studies (MC/EM and MD), followed by docking simulations performed in the αVβ3 integrin active site, provided a rationale for the behavior of these ligands toward the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Panzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.E.); (O.R.)
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Giulio Natta, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Monica Civera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Donatella Potenza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (I.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.E.); (O.R.)
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (I.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.E.); (O.R.)
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Sheikh S, Nasseri MA, Chahkandi M, Allahresani A, Reiser O. Functionalized magnetic PAMAM dendrimer as an efficient nanocatalyst for a new synthetic strategy of xanthene pigments. J Hazard Mater 2020; 400:122985. [PMID: 32580092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A green protocol has been developed for preparation of the wide variety of colored xanthene derivatives using a new efficient magnetic solid acid catalyst bearing polyamidoamine dendrimer moiety as a nanoscopic compound. Dendrimers, highly symmetric molecules around a core and 3D spherical morphology, show interesting traits based on their functionalized groups on the branched surface. They can be designed to provide water soluble structures or pseudo-active sites of biomolecules. The catalyst was assembled via a polyamidoamine dendrimer immobilized on the surface of γ-Fe2O3 followed by the sulfonylation of the amine groups by chlorosulfonic acid resulting in γ-Fe2O3@PAMAM-SO3H. Herein, PAMAM dendrimer with repeating amine/amide branches as catchable sites of sulfonic acid groups was introduced as transformer of homogeneous to heterogeneous acidic catalysts. The physicochemical properties of synthesized catalyst were studied using by FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, VSM, EDS, TGA/DTG, and TEM. Finally, the catalytic activity of γ-Fe2O3@PAMAM-SO3H was evaluated for the preparation of xanthene derivatives via a one-pot, three components reaction of aromatic aldehydes with i) β-naphthol, ii) cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl, iii) β-naphthol and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, iv) 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, leading to the eco-riendly preparation of the target compounds in good to excellent yields. The catalyst could be easily recycled for at least five consecutive runs without significant loss in its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P. O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P. O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Chahkandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P. O. Box 96179-76487, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Ali Allahresani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P. O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut fȕr Organische Chemie, Universitat Regensburg, Universitatsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Huynh VN, Leitner M, Bhattacharyya A, Uhlstein L, Kreitmeier P, Sakrausky P, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Diels-Alder reactions and electrophilic substitutions with atypical regioselectivity enable functionalization of terminal rings of anthracene. Commun Chem 2020; 3:158. [PMID: 36703384 PMCID: PMC9814106 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversing the regioselectivity of the renowned Diels-Alder reaction by overriding the usual thermodynamic and kinetic governing factors has always been a formidable challenge to synthetic organic chemists. Anthracenes are well-known to undergo [4 + 2]-cycloadditions with dienophiles at their 9,10-positions (central ring) over 1,4-positions (terminal ring) guided by the relative aromatic stabilization energy of the two possible products, and also by harboring the largest orbital coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) at the 9,10-positions. We, herein, report a 1,4-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy of 9,10-unsubstituted anthracenes by installing electron-donating substituents on the terminal rings which is heretofore unprecedented to the best of our knowledge. The developed synthetic strategy does not require any premeditated engagement of the 9,10-positions either with any sterically bulky or electron-withdrawing substituents and allows delicate calibration of the regioselectivity by modulating the electron-donating strength of the substituents on the terminal rings. Likewise, the regioselective functionalization of the terminal anthracene ring in electrophilic substitution reactions is demonstrated. A mechanistic rationale is offered with the aid of detailed computational studies, and finally, synthetic applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Ngoc Huynh
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany ,grid.454160.20000 0004 0642 8526University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyễn Văn Cừ street, district 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Michael Leitner
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Uhlstein
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kreitmeier
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Sakrausky
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Sonnleitner CM, Park S, Eckl R, Ertl T, Reiser O. Stereoselective Synthesis of Tropanes via a 6π-Electrocyclic Ring-Opening/ Huisgen [3+2]-Cycloaddition Cascade of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18110-18115. [PMID: 32627302 PMCID: PMC7589232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of tropanes via a microwave-assisted, stereoselective 6π-electrocyclic ring-opening/ Huisgen [3+2]-cycloaddition cascade of cyclopropanated pyrrole and furan derivatives with electron-deficient dipolarophiles is demonstrated. Starting from furans or pyrroles, 8-aza- and 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are accessible in two steps in dia- and enantioselective pure form, being versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant targets, especially for new cocaine analogues bearing various substituents at the C-6/C-7 positions of the tropane ring system. Moreover, the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core (isoquinuclidines), being prominently represented in many natural and pharmaceutical products, is accessible via this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Sonnleitner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Saerom Park
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Robert Eckl
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
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42
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Sonnleitner CM, Park S, Eckl R, Ertl T, Reiser O. Stereoselektive Synthese von Tropanen über eine 6π‐elektrocyclische Ringöffnung/ Huisgen‐[3+2]‐Cycloadditionskaskade von monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina M. Sonnleitner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Saerom Park
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Robert Eckl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Engl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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44
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Fayad R, Engl S, Danilov EO, Hauke CE, Reiser O, Castellano FN. Correction to "Direct Evidence of Visible Light-Induced Homolysis in Chlorobis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II)". J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5749. [PMID: 32633517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Fayad R, Engl S, Danilov EO, Hauke CE, Reiser O, Castellano FN. Direct Evidence of Visible Light-Induced Homolysis in Chlorobis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II). J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5345-5349. [PMID: 32539422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the field of photoredox catalysis that leveraged the long-lived excited states of Ir(III) and Ru(II) photosensitizers to enable radical coupling processes paved the way for explorations of synthetic transformations that would otherwise remain unrealized. While first row transition metal photocatalysts have not been as extensively investigated, valuable synthetic transformations covering broad scopes of olefin functionalization have been recently reported featuring photoactivated chlorobis(phenanthroline) Cu(II) complexes. In this study, the photochemical processes underpinning the catalytic activity of [Cu(dmp)2Cl]Cl (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) were studied. The combined results from static spectroscopic measurements and conventional photochemistry, ultrafast transient absorption, and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments strongly support blue light (λex = 427 or 470 nm)-induced Cu-Cl homolytic bond cleavage in [Cu(dmp)2Cl]+ occurring in <100 fs. On the basis of electronic structure calculations, this bond-breaking photochemistry corresponds to the Cl → Cu(II) ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition, unmasking a Cu(I) species [Cu(dmp)2]+ and a Cl atom, thereby serving as a departure point for both Cu(I)- or Cu(II)-based photoredox transformations. No net photochemistry was observed through direct excitation of the ligand-field transitions in the red (λex = 785 or 800 nm), and all combined experiments indicated no evidence of Cu-Cl bond cleavage under these conditions. The underlying visible light-induced homolysis of a metal-ligand bond yielding a one-electron-reduced photosensitizer and a radical species may form the basis for novel transformations initiated by photoinduced homolysis featuring in situ-formed metal-substrate adducts utilizing first row transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Fayad
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Sebastian Engl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny O Danilov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Cory E Hauke
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Weinbender T, Knierbein M, Bittorf L, Held C, Siewert R, Verevkin SP, Sadowski G, Reiser O. High-Pressure-Mediated Thiourea-Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition to (Hetero)aromatic Nitroolefins: Prediction of Reaction Parameters by PCP-SAFT Modelling. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1292-1296. [PMID: 32543128 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thiourea-organocatalyzed Michael additions of diethyl malonate to various heteroaromatic nitroolefins (13 examples) have been studied under high-pressure (up to 800 MPa) and ambient pressure conditions. High pressure was conducive to enhanced product yields by a factor of 2-12 at a given reaction time, high reaction rates (reaction times were decreased from 72-24 h down to 4-24 h) and high enantioselectivity. Elucidating the effects of solvents for maximizing reaction rates and yields has been carried out using the Perturbed-Chain Polar Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PCP-SAFT), allowing for the first time a prediction of the kinetic profiles under high-hydrostatic-pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weinbender
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Knierbein
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Bittorf
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Held
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Riko Siewert
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey P Verevkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Abramov A, Reiser O, Díaz Díaz D. Effect of Reaction Media on Photosensitized [2+2]‐Cycloaddition of Cinnamates. ChemistryOpen 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/open.202000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31 Regensburg 93053 Germany
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio GonzálezUniversidad de La Laguna Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
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Abramov A, Reiser O, Díaz Díaz D. Effect of Reaction Media on Photosensitized [2+2]-Cycloaddition of Cinnamates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:649-656. [PMID: 32499991 PMCID: PMC7266492 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcome of photosensitized [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions of various cinnamates has been compared in different reaction media, including homogeneous organic solutions under inert conditions, degassed water, and aerated physical gels. The reactions were performed under LED blue light (λmax=455 nm) irradiation and [Ir{dF(CF3)ppy}2(dtb-bpy)]PF6 (1.0 mol%) as photocatalyst. The processes were optimized taking into consideration solvent, gelator, and substrate. Comparative kinetics analyses, as well as the effect of the reaction media on the diastereoselectivity of the process, were evaluated during this investigation. In a number of cases, carrying out the reaction in a less polar solvent, like toluene or highly polar solvent, like water had a tremendous impact on the diastereoselectivity of the process, pointing towards an effect on the stabilization of the putative diradical intermediate in this medium. Moreover, while for reactions run in homogeneous solution oxygen needs to be excluded, no erosion in yield is observed when the photoadditions were run in aerated gel media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31Regensburg93053Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31Regensburg93053Germany
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of RegensburgUniversitätstr. 31Regensburg93053Germany
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de La LagunaAvda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 338206 LaLagunaTenerifeSpain
- Instituto de Bio-Orgánica Antonio GonzálezUniversidad de La LagunaAvda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 238206 LaLagunaTenerifeSpain
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Abstract
ConspectusOver the past decade, photoredox catalysis has blossomed as a powerful methodology because of its wide applicability in sustainable free-radical-mediated processes, in which light is used as a cleaner energy source to alter the redox properties of organic molecules and to drive unique chemical transformations. Numerous examples of highly selective C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation processes have been achieved this way in an efficient and waste-reducing way. Therein, the activation of widely available organic halides via single-electron reduction has been broadly applied for organic synthesis. However, in comparison with alkyl and aryl halides, the analogous utilization of vinyl halides is less developed, most likely as a consequence of the highly unstable vinyl radicals generated as intermediates along with their strong tendency to abstract hydrogen atoms from a suitable source (e.g., the solvent), resulting in a synthetically less useful reduction.Nevertheless, during the last years, a number of photocatalytic processes involving vinyl halides have been developed, featuring the generation of vinyl radicals, diradicals, or radical cations as the key transient species. Moreover, photoredox processes in which a radical reacts with a vinyl halide or with an in situ-generated vinylmetal halide have been developed. Thus, identifying suitable conditions to generate and manipulate these reactive species has resulted in novel synthetic processes in a controllable manner. Moreover, in view of the great versatility of vinyl halides in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, their activation by visible light might provide an attractive alternative to such processes, especially when non-noble metals could be used as photoinitiators in the future.In this Account, we discuss the various strategies of photoredox processes involving vinyl halides, classifying the material into four categories: (a) formation of a vinyl radical upon receipt of an electron from the photocatalyst, (b) formation of a radical cation after donation of an electron to the photocatalyst, (c) energy transfer corresponding to diradical formation upon triplet-triplet sensitization, and (d) dual transition metal and photocatalysis employing vinyl halides as precursors. While in the first three approaches the activation of vinyl halides is part of the photochemical step, the fourth one involves the interaction of a photochemically generated radical with a vinylnickel(II) halide obtained in turn by the oxidative addition of nickel(0) to the vinyl halide. Therefore, we highlight these important developments for conceptual comparison to the direct activation of vinyl halides by light, but they are not covered in depth in this Account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Föll
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Liu W, Babl T, Röther A, Reiser O, Davies HML. Functionalization of Piperidine Derivatives for the Site-Selective and Stereoselective Synthesis of Positional Analogues of Methylphenidate. Chemistry 2020; 26:4236-4241. [PMID: 31873946 PMCID: PMC7187323 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium‐catalyzed C−H insertions and cyclopropanations of donor/acceptor carbenes have been used for the synthesis of positional analogues of methylphenidate. The site selectivity is controlled by the catalyst and the amine protecting group. C−H functionalization of N‐Boc‐piperidine using Rh2(R‐TCPTAD)4, or N‐brosyl‐piperidine using Rh2(R‐TPPTTL)4 generated 2‐substitited analogues. In contrast, when N‐α‐oxoarylacetyl‐piperidines were used in combination with Rh2(S‐2‐Cl‐5‐BrTPCP)4, the C−H functionalization produced 4‐susbstiuted analogues. Finally, the 3‐substituted analogues were prepared indirectly by cyclopropanation of N‐Boc‐tetrahydropyridine followed by reductive regio‐ and stereoselective ring‐opening of the cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tobias Babl
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Röther
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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