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Zhang ZJ, Jiang S, Zhao QS. The Chemistry and Biology of Lycopodium Alkaloids. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400954. [PMID: 38844419 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Lycopodiales, an order comprising 388 distinct species, is the source of Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs), a group of naturally occurring alkaloids that share a common biosynthesis and structural attributes. These remarkable organisms are considered vestiges of ancient ferns, with fossil evidence dating their existence back to an impressive 300 million years. LAs usually are tricyclic or tetracyclic compounds with C16N or C16N2 skeleton. But then there are also have a few C11N, C15N, C15N2, C22N2, and C27N3 skeleton. LAs have attracted much scientific attention because of their important biological activities related to acetylcholinesterase and unique structural characteristics. From 1881 to December 2023, there are 593 LAs from 49 species of Lycopodiales have been reported. Because the total amount of LAs is nearly five times that of 1994, the classification and group allocation of some newly isolated LAs is often challenging and not unambiguous by Ayer's simple classification. This review makes a more systematic and detailed classification for it and provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring LAs discovered from 1881 to December 2023. Until now, there is no comprehensively summary of biological activity of the LAs. This review is the first time covered the biological activity of the all LAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
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Jiang S, Li WY, Gao BB, Zhao QS. Lycocasine A, a Lycopodium Alkaloid from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides and Its Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:1581. [PMID: 38611859 PMCID: PMC11013477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Lycopodium alkaloid, lycocasine A (1), and seven known Lycopodium alkaloids (2-8), were isolated from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides. Their structures were determined through NMR, HRESIMS, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 features an unprecedented 5/6/6 tricyclic skeleton, highlighted by a 5-aza-tricyclic[6,3,1,02,6]dodecane motif. In bioactivity assays, compound 1 demonstrated weak inhibitory activity against acid-sensing ion channel 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China (B.-B.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China (B.-B.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China (B.-B.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China (B.-B.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Jiang S, Li WY, Gao BB, Ou YF, Yuan ZF, Zhao QS. Casuattimines A-N, fourteen new Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides with Ca v3.1 channel inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106962. [PMID: 37992623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new dimeric Lycopodium alkaloids, casuattimines A and B (1 and 2), along with twelve previously undescribed Lycopodium alkaloids, casuattimines C-N (3-14), and eight known Lycopodium alkaloids, were isolated from Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides. Casuattimines A and B (1 and 2) are the first two ether-linked Lycopodium alkaloid dimers. Casuattimines C and D (3 and 4) are unique Lycopodium alkaloids characterized by a long fatty acid chain. Structural elucidation was achieved through HRESIMS, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In addition, the absolute configurations of compounds 7, 13, and 14 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 demonstrated notable Cav3.1 channel inhibitory activities presenting IC50 values of 10.75 ± 1.02 μM, 9.33 ± 0.79 μM, and 7.14 ± 0.86 μM, respectively. The dynamics of compound 4 against the Cav3.1 channel and preliminary structure-activity relationships of these active Lycopodium alkaloids were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bei-Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Fei Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zai-Feng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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4
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Hirasawa Y, Hattori R, Ohtani M, Morita H. Cryptadine C, a new C 27N 3-type Lycopodium alkaloid from Lycopodium cryptomerinum. J Nat Med 2023; 77:610-613. [PMID: 37171655 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new C27N3-type Lycopodium alkaloid consisting of two decahydroquinolines and a piperidine, cryptadine C (1) was isolated from Lycopodium cryptomerinum. The structure and relative configuration of 1, which is related to those of cryptadines A and B, lycoperine A, and hupercumine A, was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Cryptadine C showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Rina Hattori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Manami Ohtani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Anti-Neuroinflammatory Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031486. [PMID: 36771152 PMCID: PMC9920976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is the main cause of dementia in the elderly. Much evidence shows that the onset and late symptoms of AD are caused by multiple factors. Among them, aging is the main factor in the pathogenesis of AD, and the most important risk factor for AD is neuroinflammation. So far, there is no cure for AD, but the relationship between neuroinflammation and AD may provide a new strategy for the treatment of AD. We herein discussed the main etiology hypothesis of AD and the role of neuroinflammation in AD, as well as anti-inflammatory natural products with the potential to prevent and alleviate AD symptoms, including alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols, which are available with great potential for the development of anti-AD drugs.
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deng ZT, Wu XD, Yuan Z, Yu NR, Ou YF, Zhao QS. Total Synthesis of Huperserratines A and B. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Huperserratines A (1) and B (2), two novel macrocyclic Lycopodium alkaloids, possess an aza-12-membered ring. Here, we describe the first total synthesis of these two natural products in 12 steps....
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Hirasawa Y, Tanaka T, Hirasawa S, Wong CP, Uchiyama N, Kaneda T, Goda Y, Morita H. Cliniatines A-C, new Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Clivia miniata, inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase. J Nat Med 2021; 76:171-177. [PMID: 34550553 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cliniatines A-C (1-3), three new Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, consisting of 2,6-dimetylpyridine and lycorine-type and/or galanthamine-type were isolated from Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Bosse. The structures and absolute configurations of 1-3 were elucidated based on spectroscopic data and chemical correlation. Cliniatines A-C showed moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shiro Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Chin Piow Wong
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd, 158, Kinoko, Sakura-shi, Chiba, 285-0801, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A. Application of HPLC-DAD for In Vitro Investigation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26010230. [PMID: 33466254 PMCID: PMC7796366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids may have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Some of them have acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. Nowadays, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease have become a serious public health problem. Searching for new effective compounds with inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity is one of the most significant challenges of modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the in vitro investigation of acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of extracts obtained from Sanguinaria canadensis collected before, during and after flowering. The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of these extracts has not been previously tested. The aim was also to quantify selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analyses of alkaloid content were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and ionic liquid (IL). The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloid standards were examined using high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the quantification of 5-thio-2-nitro-benzoic acid, which is the product of the reaction between the thiocholine (product of the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine reaction) with Ellman reagent. The application of the HPLC method allowed for elimination of absorption of interfering components, for example, alkaloids such as sanguinarine and berberine. It is revealed that the HPLC method can be successfully used for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in samples such as plant extracts, especially those containing colored components adsorbing at wavelength in the range 405–412 nm. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity synergy of pairs of alkaloid standards and mixture of all investigated alkaloids was also determined. Most investigated alkaloids and all Sanguinaria canadensis extracts exhibited very high acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. IC50 values obtained for alkaloid standards were from 0.36 for berberine to 23.13 µg/mL for protopine and from 61.24 to 89.14 µg/mL for Sanguinaria canadensis extracts. Our investigations demonstrated that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +48-664772307 (T.T.); +48-510664914 (A.P.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.); Tel.: +48-664772307 (T.T.); +48-510664914 (A.P.)
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10
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Wang J, Zhang ZK, Jiang FF, Qi BW, Ding N, Hnin SYY, Liu X, Li J, Wang XH, Tu PF, Abe I, Morita H, Shi SP. Deciphering the Biosynthetic Mechanism of Pelletierine in Lycopodium Alkaloid Biosynthesis. Org Lett 2020; 22:8725-8729. [PMID: 33104367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pelletierine, a proposed building block of Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs), was demonstrated to be synthesized via the non-enzymatic Mannich-like condensation of Δ1-piperideine and 3-oxoglutaric acid produced by two new type III PKSs (HsPKS4 and PcPKS1) characterized from Huperzia serrata and Phlegmariurus cryptomerianus, respectively. The findings provide new insights for further understanding the biosynthesis of LAs such as huperzine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang-Fang Jiang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo-Wen Qi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Saw Yu Yu Hnin
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani-2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani-2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - She-Po Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Chen Y, Yang Q, Zhang Y. Lycopodium japonicum: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and biological activities. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Wu XD, Li XN, Peng LY, Zhao QS. Huperserratines A and B, Two Macrocyclic Lycopodium Alkaloids with an Unusual Skeleton from Huperzia serrata. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6803-6807. [PMID: 32295348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Huperserratines A (1) and B (2), two Lycopodium alkaloids with an unprecedented 5-aza-bicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane skeleton and an oxime function, were isolated from Huperzia serrata. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were the first examples of macrocyclic Lycopodium alkaloids with an aza-12-membered ring. A plausible biogenetic pathway of these compounds was also proposed. Compound 1 exhibited moderate anti-HIV-1 activity with an EC50 of 52.91 μg/mL and a therapy index greater than 3.78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang ZJ, Zhu QF, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Phlegmadines B and C, two Lycopodium alkaloids with 6/5/5/5/7 pentacyclic skeleton from Phlegmariurus phlegmaria. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Liu YF, Yu SS. Survey of natural products reported by Asian research groups in 2018. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:1129-1150. [PMID: 31736363 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1684474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The new natural products reported in 2018 in peer-reviewed articles in journals with good reputations were reviewed and analyzed. The advances made by Asian research groups in the field of natural products chemistry in 2018 were summarized. Compounds with unique structural features and/or promising bioactivities originating from Asian natural sources were discussed based on their structural classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Bosch C, Bradshaw B, Bonjoch J. Decahydroquinoline Ring 13C NMR Spectroscopic Patterns for the Stereochemical Elucidation of Phlegmarine-Type Lycopodium Alkaloids: Synthesis of (-)-Serralongamine A and Structural Reassignment and Synthesis of (-)-Huperzine K and (-)-Huperzine M (Lycoposerramine Y). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1576-1586. [PMID: 31181922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of 13C NMR spectroscopic data of the phlegmarine subset of Lycopodium alkaloids revealed spectral patterns that allowed the stereochemical arrangement of the four stereogenic carbons in the decahydroquinoline core to be established. A relatively simple predictive set of chemical shift combinations is reported, providing a tool for the challenging stereochemical assignment of phlegmarine-type alkaloids. Based on the chemical shifts in their NMR spectroscopic profiles, the alkaloids huperzine K and huperzine M, formally reported as cis derivatives, were structurally reassigned as trans-decahydroquinolines. The NMR spectroscopic data for huperzine M were identical to those reported for lycoposerramine Y and, hence, also implied the configurational reassignment of the latter. The revised structures of the above alkaloids were confirmed by enantioselective total synthesis. Additionally, the synthesis of (-)-serralongamine A via a common intermediate precursor is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bosch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Avenue Joan XXIII s/n , 08028 - Barcelona , Spain
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, Meeran MFN, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Lycopodium Attenuates Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112182. [PMID: 31185705 PMCID: PMC6600474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, a chronic, age related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by a progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Several studies have proven that the activation of glial cells, presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates, and oxidative stress, fuels neurodegeneration, and currently there is no definitive treatment for PD. In this study, a rotenone-induced rat model of PD was used to understand the neuroprotective potential of Lycopodium (Lyc), a commonly-used potent herbal medicine. Immunohistochemcial data showed that rotenone injections significantly increased the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and decreased the striatal expression of tyrosine hydroxylase. Further, rotenone administration activated microglia and astroglia, which in turn upregulated the expression of α-synuclein, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress factors, resulting in PD pathology. However, rotenone-injected rats that were orally treated with lycopodium (50 mg/kg) were protected against dopaminergic neuronal loss by diminishing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-9, as well as reduced activation of microglia and astrocytes. This neuroprotective mechanism not only involves reduction in pro-inflammatory response and α-synuclein expression, but also synergistically enhanced antioxidant defense system by virtue of the drug's multimodal action. These findings suggest that Lyc has the potential to be further developed as a therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shreesh K Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Tang Y, Li N, Zou Y, Ai Y, Ma GL, Osman EEA, Xiong J, Li J, Jin ZX, Hu JF. LC-MS guided isolation and dereplication of Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium cernuum var. sikkimense of different geographical origins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 160:25-30. [PMID: 30682681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lycopodium alkaloids (LAs) are the characteristic metabolites of club mosses. Chemical differences often exist in different specimens of a single plant species collected from different geographic origins. In this study, a preliminary LC-MS detection and dereplication analyses of alkaloidal constituents of Lycopodium cernuum var. sikkimense (Müll. Hal.) C.B. Clarke (LCVS2) collected from Fujian province led to the isolation and characterization of three undescribed LAs, lycocernuskines A-C, and six known cernuane-type LAs. The known compounds were previously isolated from the same plant species (LCVS1) collected from Chongqing, and so their dereplication in LCVS2 was accomplished based on their retention times (tR) and the quasi-molecular ion peaks in the LC-MS fingerprint. Chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Lycocernuskines A and B are the first two examples of C-12 hydroxylated phlegmarane-type LAs bearing a nitrone residue at the quinoline ring. The isolates were evaluated for their anti-AChE and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yanran Ai
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Guang-Lei Ma
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ezzat E A Osman
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile St., Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ze-Xin Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Tung B, Thu D, Vui D. Two Lycopodium alkaloids from the aerial parts of Huperzia phlegmaria. Pharmacognosy Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_82_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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