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Belgodere JA, Lassiter HR, Robinson JT, Hamel KM, Rogers EL, Mohiuddin OA, Zhang L, Wu X, Gimble JM, Frazier TP, Monroe WT, Sanchez CG. Biomechanical and Biological Characterization of XGel, a Human-Derived Hydrogel for Stem Cell Expansion and Tissue Engineering. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200332. [PMID: 37236203 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are 3D scaffolds used as alternatives to in vivo models for disease modeling and delivery of cells and drugs. Existing hydrogel classifications include synthetic, recombinant, chemically defined, plant- or animal-based, and tissue-derived matrices. There is a need for materials that can support both human tissue modeling and clinically relevant applications requiring stiffness tunability. Human-derived hydrogels are not only clinically relevant, but they also minimize the use of animal models for pre-clinical studies. This study aims to characterize XGel, a new human-derived hydrogel as an alternative to current murine-derived and synthetic recombinant hydrogels that features unique physiochemical, biochemical, and biological properties that support adipocyte and bone differentiation. Rheology studies determine the viscosity, stiffness, and gelation features of XGel. Quantitative studies for quality control support consistency in the protein content between lots. Proteomics studies reveal that XGel is predominantly composed of extracellular matrix proteins, including fibrillin, collagens I-VI, and fibronectin. Electron microscopy of the hydrogel provides phenotypic characteristics in terms of porosity and fiber size. The hydrogel demonstrates biocompatibility as a coating material and as a 3D scaffold for the growth of multiple cell types. The results provide insight into the biological compatibility of this human-derived hydrogel for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Belgodere
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Omair A Mohiuddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center Proteomics Shared Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiying Wu
- Obatala Sciences Inc., New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | | | | | - William T Monroe
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Selig M, Walz K, Lauer JC, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Therapeutic Modulation of Cell Morphology and Phenotype of Diseased Human Cells towards a Healthier Cell State Using Lignin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3041. [PMID: 37514430 PMCID: PMC10385073 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite lignin's global abundance and its use in biomedical studies, our understanding of how lignin regulates disease through modulation of cell morphology and associated phenotype of human cells is unknown. We combined an automated high-throughput image cell segmentation technique for quantitatively measuring a panel of cell shape descriptors, droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction for absolute quantification of gene expression and multivariate data analyses to determine whether lignin could therapeutically modulate the cell morphology and phenotype of inflamed, degenerating diseased human cells (osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes) towards a healthier cell morphology and phenotype. Lignin dose-dependently modified all aspects of cell morphology and ameliorated the diseased shape of OA chondrocytes by inducing a less fibroblastic healthier cell shape, which correlated with the downregulation of collagen 1A2 (COL1A2, a major fibrosis-inducing gene), upregulation of collagen 2A1 (COL2A1, a healthy extracellular matrix-inducing gene) and downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6, a chronic inflammatory cytokine). This is the first study to show that lignin can therapeutically target cell morphology and change a diseased cells' function towards a healthier cell shape and phenotype. This opens up novel opportunities for exploiting lignin in modulation of disease, tissue degeneration, fibrosis, inflammation and regenerative medical implants for therapeutically targeting cell function and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Walz
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin C Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engesserstraße 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Balaji S, Short WD, Padon BW, Belgodere JA, Jimenez SE, Deoli NT, Guidry AC, Green JC, Prajapati TJ, Farouk F, Kaul A, Son D, Jung OS, Astete CE, Kim M, Jung JP. Injectable Antioxidant and Oxygen-Releasing Lignin Composites to Promote Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18639-18652. [PMID: 37022100 PMCID: PMC10119855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of engineered biomaterials for wound healing has been pursued since the beginning of tissue engineering. Here, we attempt to apply functionalized lignin to confer antioxidation to the extracellular microenvironments of wounds and to deliver oxygen from the dissociation of calcium peroxide for enhanced vascularization and healing responses without eliciting inflammatory responses. Elemental analysis showed 17 times higher quantity of calcium in the oxygen-releasing nanoparticles. Lignin composites including the oxygen-generating nanoparticles released around 700 ppm oxygen per day at least for 7 days. By modulating the concentration of the methacrylated gelatin, we were able to maintain the injectability of lignin composite precursors and the stiffness of lignin composites suitable for wound healing after photo-cross-linking. In situ formation of lignin composites with the oxygen-releasing nanoparticles enhanced the rate of tissue granulation, the formation of blood vessels, and the infiltration of α-smooth muscle actin+ fibroblasts into the wounds over 7 days. At 28 days after surgery, the lignin composite with oxygen-generating nanoparticles remodeled the collagen architecture, resembling the basket-weave pattern of unwounded collagen with minimal scar formation. Thus, our study shows the potential of functionalized lignin for wound-healing applications requiring balanced antioxidation and controlled release of oxygen for enhanced tissue granulation, vascularization, and maturation of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Balaji
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, C.450.05, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Walker D. Short
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, C.450.05, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Benjamin W. Padon
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, C.450.05, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Jorge A. Belgodere
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Jimenez
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Naresh T. Deoli
- Louisiana
Accelerator Center, University of Louisiana
at Lafayette, 20 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506, United States of America
| | - Anna C. Guidry
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Justin C. Green
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Tanuj J. Prajapati
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, C.450.05, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Fayiz Farouk
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, C.450.05, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Aditya Kaul
- Division
of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Feigin Center at Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, C.450.05, Houston, Texas 77030, United States of America
| | - Dongwan Son
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Olivia S. Jung
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Astete
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, 149 E.B. Doran Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States of America
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Chiani E, Beaucamp A, Hamzeh Y, Azadfallah M, Thanusha A, Collins MN. Synthesis and characterization of gelatin/lignin hydrogels as quick release drug carriers for Ribavirin. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1196-1205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Son D, Hwang H, Fontenot JF, Lee C, Jung JP, Kim M. Tailoring Physical Properties of Dual-Network Acrylamide Hydrogel Composites by Engineering Molecular Structures of the Cross-linked Network. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30028-30039. [PMID: 36061674 PMCID: PMC9434611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the impact of engineering molecular structures of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogel composites on several physical properties. The network structure was systematically varied by (i) the type and the concentration of difunctional cross-linkers and (ii) the type of native or chemically modified natural polymers, including sodium alginate, methacrylate/dopamine-incorporated porcine skin gelatin and fish skin gelatin, and thiol-incorporated lignosulfonate, which are attractive biopolymers generated in pulp and food industries because of their abundance, rich chemical functionalities, and environmental friendliness. First, we added cross-linking agents of varying lengths at different concentrations to assess how the cross-linking agent modulates the mechanical properties of acrylamide-based composites with alginate. After chemically modifying gelatins from fish or porcine skin with methacrylate and/or dopamine, the acrylamide-based composites were fabricated with the chemically modified gelatins and thiolated lignosulfonate to assess the stress-strain behavior. Furthermore, swelling ratios were measured with respect to temperature change. The mechanical properties were systematically modulated by the changes in the molecular structure, that is, the length of the chemical unit between two end alkene groups in the difunctional cross-linker and the types of the additive natural polymers. Overall, PAAm hydrogel composites exhibit a significant, negative correlation between toughness and the volume fraction of the swollen state and between strain at fracture and the volume fraction of the swollen state. In contrast, PNIPAm hydrogel composites showed positive, but only moderate correlations, which is attributed to the difference in the network polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwan Son
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanmin Hwang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jake F. Fontenot
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Changjae Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Lizundia E, Sipponen MH, Greca LG, Balakshin M, Tardy BL, Rojas OJ, Puglia D. Multifunctional lignin-based nanocomposites and nanohybrids. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2021; 23:6698-6760. [PMID: 34671223 PMCID: PMC8452181 DOI: 10.1039/d1gc01684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress in lignins valorization and development of high-performance sustainable materials have been achieved in recent years. Reports related to lignin utilization indicate excellent prospects considering green chemistry, chemical engineering, energy, materials and polymer science, physical chemistry, biochemistry, among others. To fully realize such potential, one of the most promising routes involves lignin uses in nanocomposites and nanohybrid assemblies, where synergistic interactions are highly beneficial. This review first discusses the interfacial assembly of lignins with polysaccharides, proteins and other biopolymers, for instance, in the synthesis of nanocomposites. To give a wide perspective, we consider the subject of hybridization with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, as well as uses as precursor of carbon materials and the assembly with other biobased nanoparticles, for instance to form nanohybrids. We provide cues to understand the fundamental aspects related to lignins, their self-assembly and supramolecular organization, all of which are critical in nanocomposites and nanohybrids. We highlight the possibilities of lignin in the fields of flame retardancy, food packaging, plant protection, electroactive materials, energy storage and health sciences. The most recent outcomes are evaluated given the importance of lignin extraction, within established and emerging biorefineries. We consider the benefit of lignin compared to synthetic counterparts. Bridging the gap between fundamental and application-driven research, this account offers critical insights as far as the potential of lignin as one of the frontrunners in the uptake of bioeconomy concepts and its application in value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao 48013 Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spain
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Svante Arrhenius väg 16C SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Luiz G Greca
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Mikhail Balakshin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Blaise L Tardy
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University P.O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia 2360 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia Strada di Pentima 4 05100 Terni Italy
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Interaction of lignin dimers with model cell membranes: A quartz crystal microbalance and molecular dynamics simulation study. Biointerphases 2021; 16:041003. [PMID: 34266242 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of the interaction between cell membranes and small molecules derived from lignin, a protective phenolic biopolymer found in vascular plants, is crucial for identifying their potential as pharmacological and toxicological agents. In this work, the interactions of model cell membranes [supported 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers] are compared for three βO4 dimers of coniferyl alcohol (G lignin monomer): guaiacylglycerol guaiacol ester with a hydroxypropenyl (HOC3H4-) tail (G-βO4'-G), a truncated GG dimer without HOC3H4- (G-βO4'-truncG), and a benzylated GG dimer (benzG-βO4'-G). The uptake of the lignin dimers (per mass of lipid) and the energy dissipation (a measure of bilayer disorder) are higher for benzG-βO4'-G and G-βO4'-truncG than those for G-βO4'-G in the gel-phase DPPC bilayer, as measured using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). A similar uptake of G-βO4'-truncG is observed for a fluid-phase bilayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, suggesting that the effect of the bilayer phase on dimer uptake is minimal. The effects of increasing lignin dimer concentration are examined through an analysis of density profiles, potential of mean force curves, lipid order parameters, and bilayer area compressibilities (disorder) in the lipid bilayers obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Dimer distributions and potentials of mean force indicate that the penetration into bilayers is higher for benzG-βO4'-G and G-βO4'-truncG than that for G-βO4'-G, consistent with the QCM-D results. Increased lipid tail disorder due to dimer penetration leads to a thinning and softening of the bilayers. Minor differences in the structure of lignin derivatives (such as truncating the hydroxypropenyl tail) have significant impacts on their ability to penetrate lipid bilayers.
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Belgodere J, Son D, Jeon B, Choe J, Guidry AC, Bao AX, Zamin SA, Parikh UM, Balaji S, Kim M, Jung JP. Attenuating Fibrotic Markers of Patient-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts by Thiolated Lignin Composites. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2212-2218. [PMID: 33938742 PMCID: PMC8290399 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report the use of phenolic functional groups of lignosulfonate to impart antioxidant properties and the cell binding domains of gelatin to enhance cell adhesion for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based scaffolds. Chemoselective thiol-ene chemistry was utilized to form composites with thiolated lignosulfonate (TLS) and methacrylated fish gelatin (fGelMA). Antioxidant properties of TLS were not altered after thiolation and the levels of antioxidation were comparable to those of L-ascorbic acid. PEG-fGelMA-TLS composites significantly reduced the difference in COL1A1, ACTA2, TGFB1, and HIF1A genes between high-scarring and low-scarring hdFBs, providing the potential utility of TLS to attenuate fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge
A. Belgodere
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Dongwan Son
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyoung Jeon
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Choe
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna C. Guidry
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Adam X. Bao
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Syed A. Zamin
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Umang M. Parikh
- Department
of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Swathi Balaji
- Department
of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children’s
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Myungwoong Kim
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha
University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook P. Jung
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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