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Lee G, Zarei M, Wei Q, Zhu Y, Lee SG. Surface Wrinkling for Flexible and Stretchable Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203491. [PMID: 36047645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanolithography, miniaturization, and material science, along with developments in wearable electronics, are pushing the frontiers of sensor technology into the large-scale fabrication of highly sensitive, flexible, stretchable, and multimodal detection systems. Various strategies, including surface engineering, have been developed to control the electrical and mechanical characteristics of sensors. In particular, surface wrinkling provides an effective alternative for improving both the sensing performance and mechanical deformability of flexible and stretchable sensors by releasing interfacial stress, preventing electrical failure, and enlarging surface areas. In this study, recent developments in the fabrication strategies of wrinkling structures for sensor applications are discussed. The fundamental mechanics, geometry control strategies, and various fabricating methods for wrinkling patterns are summarized. Furthermore, the current state of wrinkling approaches and their impacts on the development of various types of sensors, including strain, pressure, temperature, chemical, photodetectors, and multimodal sensors, are reviewed. Finally, existing wrinkling approaches, designs, and sensing strategies are extrapolated into future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Seung Goo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, South Korea
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Lin R, Hu Q, Liu Z, Pan S, Chen Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Zhang S, Zhang C. Integrated CuO/Pd Nanospike Hydrogen Sensor on Silicon Substrate. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091533. [PMID: 35564243 PMCID: PMC9106042 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A large area of randomly distributed nanospike as nanostructured template was induced by femtosecond (fs) laser on a silicon substrate in water. Copper oxide (CuO) and palladium (Pd) heterostructured nanofilm were coated on the nanospikes by magnetron sputtering technology and vacuum thermal evaporation coating technology respectively for the construction of a p-type hydrogen sensor. Compared with the conventional gas sensor based on CuO working at high temperature, nanostructured CuO/Pd heterostructure exhibited promising detection capability to hydrogen at room temperature. The detection sensitivity to 1% H2 was 10.8%, the response time was 198 s, and the detection limit was as low as 40 ppm, presenting an important application prospect in the clean energy field. The excellent reusability and selectivity of the CuO/Pd heterostructure sensor toward H2 at room temperature were also demonstrated by a series of cyclic response characteristics. It is believed that our room-temperature hydrogen sensor fabricated with a waste-free green process, directly on silicon substrate, would greatly promote the future fabrication of a circuit-chip integrating hydrogen sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Lin
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Hu
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Zuolian Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shusheng Pan
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chengyun Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.L.); (S.P.); (Z.C.); (W.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research Graduate School, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Electrospun nanofibers modified with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for electrochemiluminescent determination of terbutaline. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:99. [PMID: 35149882 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For the first time it is demonstrated that zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 electrospun nanofibers (ZIF-8 NF) could serve as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) accelerator for the facile detection of terbutaline residual. A novel ECL sensor for the determination of terbutaline was fabricated based on ZIF-8 NF. The ZIF-8 NF were successfully prepared according to electrospinning and in-situ growth method. First, chitosan was modified on the surface of the electrode, and then the ZIF-8 NF was modified onto the upper layer of the chitosan. Taking advantages of chitosan and ZIF-8 NF in conductivity and electrocatalysis, the modified electrode presents obvious ECL phenomenon in 0.2 M PBS solution (pH 10.0) containing 0.025 M luminol. After the addition of terbutaline, ECL intensity decreased significantly, and the decreasing value showed a linear relationship with the logarithm of terbutaline concentration. The linear range was from 2.0 × 10-10 to 2.0 × 10-5 M, and the detection limit was 1.41 × 10-11 M (3σ/m). The method had high sensitivity, good stability, and good applicability to actual pork samples.
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Atabaki AH, Montazeri A, Rafii-Tabar H, Sasanpour P. Determination of the optimal location of samples on quartz tuning fork-based biosensors: a computational study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7:065024. [PMID: 34521074 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac26a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In view of efficiency, simple operation, and affordable cost and disposability, quartz tuning fork systems form good candidates for mechanical-based biosensors in point of care applications. Based on the geometrical structure, the frequency response of the tuning fork- based sensors is dependent on the location of absorbed samples. In order to have the maximum efficiency and sensitivity, the optimized condition of sample loading on the fork structures should be considered. In this regard, here, we have determined the optimized sample location to be on the prongs of the quartz tuning fork by calculating the frequency response of the quartz tuning fork using the finite element method. From an application point of view, we have obtained an agreement between the calculational method and the experimental excitation technique of the structure. The results from our study show that by using an appropriate location for the sample, the quartz tuning fork could be exploited with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Atabaki
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Velenjak, Tehran, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Abbas Montazeri
- Materials Science and Engineering, KN Toosi University of Technology, Vanak Suare, Tehran, Tehran, 19697, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Velenjak, Tehran, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Velenjak, Tehran, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Zhu Z, Liu C, Jiang F, Liu J, Liu G, Ma X, Liu P, Huang R, Xu J, Wang L. Flexible fiber-shaped hydrogen gas sensor via coupling palladium with conductive polymer gel fiber. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125008. [PMID: 33445047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of fiber-shaped gas sensors with both excellent mechanical properties and sensing performance is of great significance for boosting future portable and wearable sensing electronics, however, it is still a challenge. Herein, we develop a novel fiber-shaped hydrogen (H2) sensor by directly electrochemically growing palladium (Pd) sensing layer on conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fiber electrode. This approach produces free-standing functional fiber (PEDOT:PSS@Pd) with promising mechanical features of flexibility, light weight, knittability and high mechanical strength, and good H2 sensing performance at room temperature. The PEDOT:PSS@Pd fiber sensor exhibits short response time of 34 (± 6) s@1% and 19 (± 4) s@4% H2 and excellent cycling stability. In addition, the fiber sensor remains good sensing behavior under different mechanical bending states, showing potential for constructing wearable sensor devices for timely H2 leak detection. Therefore, this work has provided a smart design strategy of fiber-based gas sensor, offering an effective sensing platform and is believed to stimulate the development of wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyou Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Fengxing Jiang
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Xiumei Ma
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, PR China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute (FEII), Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Yuvaraja S, Bhyranalyar VN, Bhat SA, Surya SG, Yelamaggad CV, Salama KN. A highly selective electron affinity facilitated H 2S sensor: the marriage of tris(keto-hydrazone) and an organic field-effect transistor. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:525-537. [PMID: 34821268 DOI: 10.1002/aelm.202000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are emerging as part of a promising future for gas-sensing applications. However, some of their limitations, such as poor specificity, humidity sensitivity and poor ambient stability, remain persistent. Herein, a novel combination of a polymer-monomer heterostructure, derived from a CP (PDVT-10) and a newly reported monomer [tris(keto-hydrazone)] has been integrated in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) platform to sense H2S selectively. The hybrid heterostructure shows an unprecedented sensitivity (525% ppm-1) and high selectivity toward H2S gas. In addition, we demonstrated that the PDVT-10/tris(keto-hydrazone) OFET sensor has the lowest limit of detection (1 ppb), excellent ambient stability (∼5% current degradation after 150 days), good response-recovery behavior, and exceptional electrical behavior and gas response reproducibility. This work can help pave the way to incorporate futuristic gas sensors in a multitude of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Yuvaraja
- Sensors lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Su S, Liang J, Wang Z, Xin W, Li X, Wang D. Microtip focused electrohydrodynamic jet printing with nanoscale resolution. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24450-24462. [PMID: 33300927 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing is a promising manufacturing technique for micro-/nano-patterned structures with high resolution, high efficiency and high material compatibility. However, further improvement of the necking ratio of the E-Jet is still limited by the focusing principle. Moreover, ink viscosity is limited to values well below 90 mPa s owing to the high probability of nozzle blockage. Here, we propose a microtip focused electrohydrodynamic jet (MFEJ) printing to overcome these limitations. This technique uses a solid microtip with a radius of curvature (ROC) of several micrometers rather than a hollow nozzle, which is very simple and highly efficient to prepare and can effectively avoid nozzle clogging problems even with high-viscosity printing ink. High-resolution patterns in diverse geometries were printed using different inks with a wide range of viscosities (8.4-3500 mPa s). Nanodroplets with an average diameter of 73 nm were achieved. Moreover, nanofibers with a diameter of 30 nm were obtained using a 4 μm ROC microtip and the necking ratio was as high as 266 : 1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest droplet or fiber diameter directly obtained via E-Jet printing to date without further physical or chemical processing. This MFEJ printing technique can improve printing resolution at the nanoscale, significantly enlarge the material applicability and effectively avoid nozzle clogging for the fabrication of nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Su
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
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