1
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An B, Xu M, Sun W, Ma C, Luo S, Li J, Liu S, Li W. Butterfly wing-inspired superhydrophobic photonic cellulose nanocrystal films for vapor sensors and asymmetric actuators. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 345:122595. [PMID: 39227114 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)-based stimuli responsive photonic materials demonstrate great application potential in mechanical and chemical sensors. However, due to the hydrophilic property of cellulose molecular, a significant challenge is to build a water-resistant photonic CNCs material. Here, inspired by butterfly wings with vivid structural color and superhydrophobic property, we have designed a CNCs based superhydrophobic iridescent film with hierarchical structures. The iridescent colored layer is ascribed to the chiral nematic alignment of CNCs, the superhydrophobic layer is ascribed to the micro-nano structures of polymer microspheres. Specially, superhydrophobic iridescent CNCs film could be used as an efficient colorimetric humidity sensor due to the existence of 'stomates' on superhydrophobic layer, which allowed the humid gas to enter into and out from the humidity responsive chiral nematic layers. Meanwhile, superhydrophobic iridescent films show out-standing self-cleaning and anti-fouling performance. Moreover, when the one side of the CNCs film was covered with superhydrophobic layer, the Janus film displays asymmetric expansion and bending behaviors as well as responsive structural colors in hydrous ethanol. This CNCs based hierarchical photonic materials have promising applications including photonic sensors suitable for extreme environment and smart photonic actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingcong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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2
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Ge K, Gao Y, Yi H, Li Z, Hu S, Ji H, Li M, Feng H. Structural Color Enhancement through Synchronizing Natural Convection and Marangoni Flow in Pendant Drops. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37318-37327. [PMID: 38953533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Structural color, renowned for its enduring vibrancy, has been extensively developed and applied in the fields of display and anticounterfeiting. However, its limitations in brightness and saturation hinder further application in these areas. Herein, we propose a pendant evaporation self-assembly method to address these challenges simultaneously. By leveraging natural convection and Marangoni flow synchronization, the self-assembly process enhances the dynamics and duration of colloidal nanoparticles, thereby enhancing the orderliness of colloidal photonic crystals. On average, this technique boosts the brightness of structural color by 20% and its saturation by 35%. Moreover, pendant evaporation self-assembly is simple and convenient to operate, making it suitable for industrial production. We anticipate that its adoption will remarkably advance the industrialization of structural color, facilitating its engineering applications across various fields, such as display technology and anticounterfeiting identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyu Ge
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongyu Yi
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhan Li
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shaowei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Shenzhen, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hongjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Shenzhen, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Shenzhen, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
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3
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Li F, Song B, Luo R, Zhou Y, Xiong R, Zhang X, Xu W. Hierarchical Assembly of Patternable Chiroptical Biotextiles with Extreme Environment Stability. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22591-22600. [PMID: 37929926 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible photonic textiles constructed by sustainable cholesteric organization are very promising to achieve a combination of chiroptical structural colors, mechanical robustness, sustainability, and environment stability. However, the efficient assembly of well-ordered cholesteric nanoarchitectures on flexible textiles in a scalable and patternable manner remains a grand challenge. In this study, we develop an efficient and scalable approach to construct large area chiroptical biotextiles using renewable and bioenabled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as building blocks. This hierarchical assembly enables cholesteric photonic CNCs "cast" in situ, in a seamlessly tessellated design, onto topography-tailored textiles to form a strong interlocked multilayered structure. The resulting hierarchical architecture not only comprises strong photonic-photonic coupling to synergistically enhance the chiroptical properties with tunable wavelengths but also leads to impressive mechanical and optical stability against external mechanical forces and extreme environments. More importantly, through regulating the localized photonic band of the preformed chiroptical textiles by small molecules (e.g., water and glucose), customized colored patterns can be easily generated in large scale that are highly responsive to multistimuli, including chiral polarized light, view angle, and solvent. This chiroptical biotextile is a promising next-generation biomimetic photonic material for defense, aviation, and marine and aerospace special applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Baiqi Song
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Richu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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4
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Chen Q, Ying D, Chen Y, Xie H, Zhang H, Chang C. Highly transparent, hydrophobic, and durable anisotropic cellulose films as electronic screen protectors. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120735. [PMID: 37028870 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose films have attracted extensive interest in the field of burgeoning electronic devices. However, it remains a challenge to simultaneously address the difficulties including facile methodology, hydrophobicity, optical transparency, and mechanical robustness. Herein, we reported a coating-annealing approach to fabricate highly transparent, hydrophobic, and durable anisotropic cellulose films, where poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PTFEMA) as low surface energy chemicals was coated onto regenerated cellulose films via physical (hydrogen bonds) and chemical (transesterification) interactions. The resultant films with nano-protrusions and low surface roughness exhibited high optical transparency (92.3 %, 550 nm) and good hydrophobicity. Moreover, the tensile strength of the hydrophobic films was 198.7 MPa and 124 MPa in dry and wet states, respectively, which also showed excellent stability and durability under various conditions, such as hot water, chemicals, liquid foods, tape peeling, finger pressing, sandpaper abrasion, ultrasonic treatment, and water jet. This work provided a promising large-scale production strategy for the preparation of transparent and hydrophobic cellulose-based films for electronic device protection as well as other emerging flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daofa Ying
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Zhongnan Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Transplant Center and Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxia Xie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huaran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunyu Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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5
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An B, Xu M, Sun J, Sun W, Miao Y, Ma C, Luo S, Li J, Li W, Liu S. Cellulose nanocrystals-based bio-composite optical materials for reversible colorimetric responsive films and coatings. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123600. [PMID: 36773875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Photonic materials with a tunable chiral nematic structure that can selectively reflect light dynamically are valuable for applications in smart responsive materials. Here, we prepared potential photonic composites with a chiral nematic structure by forming cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites with different compositions on different substrates by evaporation-induced self-assembly. With increasing WPU content, the reflected wavelength increased from 400 to 680 nm, which was mainly caused by the increase of the chiral nematic pitch. In addition, the mechanical properties were better for higher WPU content. WPU was sensitive to small amounts of moisture in ethanol owing to the swollen WPU after absorbing water will increase the helical pitch. The reversible red shift induced by moisture was approximately 100 nm. When wood was used as the substrate, the CNCs still self-assembled to form chiral nematic structures and the adhesion forces of the composites to the wood substrate were strong. By using MgCl2 solution as an ink, invisible patterns can be written on the coating, which can be revealed temporarily by ethanol. In addition, the invisible pattern of photonic coating is rewritable. The easily prepared environmentally friendly photonic composite has great potential in sensors, anti-counterfeiting labels and smart decorative coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang An
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingcong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenye Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Wooden Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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6
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Xing L, Li G, Sun Y, Wang X, Yuan Z, Fu Y, Qin M. Dual-emitting cellulose nanocrystal hybrid materials with circularly polarized luminescence for anti-counterfeiting labels. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120856. [PMID: 37182956 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) hybrid materials with numerous optical states have great potential as anti-counterfeiting labels and information encryption materials. However, it is challenging to construct multicolor emitting materials with tunable behaviors, which can dramatically enhance anti-counterfeiting abilities. Here, free-standing composite films with vivid multi-structural colors and dual-emitting fluorescence are successfully fabricated through a host-guest coassembly strategy. The lanthanide complex and an aggregation-induced emission molecule (tetraphenylethylene derivative, TPEC) are selected as luminescent guests, which are integrated into the chiral nematic structure of CNCs. The obtained photonic films display broadband reflection across the visible spectrum, which may be attributed to the chiral nematic domains with variations in the helical pitches and helical axis orientations. Under 254 nm excitation, the film exhibits bright red emission, while blue-green emission switching occurs under 365 nm excitation. The broad reflection band of the film covers both the green and red fluorescent emission centers, and right circularly polarized luminescence emission with different dissymmetry factors is produced due to the selective reflection of the left chiral nematic structure. A large glum value up to -0.21 at 600 nm was realized. Additionally, CNC-based materials with tailored shapes are further used in anti-counterfeit tags and decorative applications.
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7
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Realization of water resistant, durable and self-cleaning on oriented cellulose nanocomposite packaging films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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8
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Facile fabrication of hydrophobic paper by HDTMS modified chitin nanocrystals coating for food packaging. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Singh S, Bhardwaj S, Verma C, Chhajed M, Balayan K, Ghosh K, Maji PK. Elliptically birefringent chemically tuned liquid crystalline nanocellulose composites for photonic applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Zhao H, Dai X, Yuan Z, Li G, Fu Y, Qin M. Iridescent chiral nematic papers based on cellulose nanocrystals with multiple optical responses for patterned coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119461. [PMID: 35483862 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nematic papers (CNPs) with mesopores structure based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were fabricated successfully via a swelling and freeze-drying method. The order of the original chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystals film was preserved in CNPs, which was proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized optical microscopy (POM) measurements and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The CNPs exhibited excellent optical responsive properties to different solvents. Inspired by this feature, a colorable ink containing amounts of gel particles was prepared by pulverizing CNPs/water mixture into a suspension. Patterns written in suspension ink with various colors can be formed when soaked with different solvents. Moreover, CNPs displayed an irreversible color response to compression. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of CNPs was tuned by polyethyleneimine. Modified CNPs exhibited different colors under the identical solvent environment when compared to the original one. Aqueous PEI can be used as an ink to depict responsive photonic patterns on CNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zaiwu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
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11
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Li S, Chen H, Liu X, Li P, Wu W. Nanocellulose as a promising substrate for advanced sensors and their applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:473-487. [PMID: 35870627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has broad and promising applications owing to its low density, large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, modifiability, renewability. Recently, nanocellulose has been widely used to fabricate flexible, durable and environmental-friendly sensor substrates. In this contribution, the construction and characteristics of nanocellulose-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Various nanocellulose-based sensors are summarized and divided into colorimetric, fluorescent, electronic, electrochemical and SERS types according to the sensing mechanism. This review also introduces the applications of nanocellulose-based sensors in the fields of biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food safety, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weibing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Wang ZL, Deng ZP, Dong X, Bai L, Wang XL, Wang YZ, Song F. A Surface Diffusion Barrier Strategy toward Water-Resistant Photonic Materials for Accurate Detection of Ethanol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30352-30361. [PMID: 35732072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photonic materials that enable visual detection of chemicals have shown great potential for wide applications in chemical, environmental, biotechnological, and food industries, but until now, using hydrophilic photonic materials for tracing water-soluble chemicals remains a major challenge due to the strong water interference. Here, we demonstrate a two-step co-assembly and subsequent surface coating strategy to develop an ethanol-sensitive and anti-water interference photonic crystal film. By using citric acid as a co-assembly phase, high ethanol sensing is realized because of the strong intermolecular affinity. By controlling the thickness of the outer polyvinyl butyral layer, selective ethanol penetration but a water barrier is enabled. Notably, the composite photonic films are free-standing, highly flexible, and controllably structurally colored. We further present using the composite film to quantitatively trace ethanol/water mixtures and potentially track drunk driving as a colorimetric sensor. The heuristic two-step modification strategy proposed in this work not only overcomes the limitation of water interference for hydrophilic colorimetric sensors but also provides references to develop more new photonic materials with water resistance that need to be applied in water/humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ze-Peng Deng
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu Dong
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lan Bai
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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13
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Wang W, Yang D, Mou L, Wu M, Wang Y, Tan F, Yang F. Remodeling of waste corn stalks into renewable, compressible and hydrophobic biomass-based aerogel for efficient and selective oil/organic solvent absorption. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Cellulose nanocrystal and β-cyclodextrin chiral nematic composite films as selective sensor for methanol discrimination. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Wang ZL, Wang Q, Dong X, Li D, Bai L, Wang XL, Wang YZ, Song F. Photonic Cellulose Films with Vivid Structural Colors: Fabrication and Selectively Chemical Response. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1662-1671. [PMID: 35354277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in structural-color cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) materials have been made toward chemical sensing applications; however, such materials lack sufficient color chroma for naked-eye observation, and their selective recognition to given chemicals as well as the corresponding mechanism has rarely been reported. Here, a dopamine-infiltration and post-polymerization approach is proposed to construct vivid structural-color composite films. The chiral nematic structure of CNC enables the structural coloration, while the strong light absorption of the polymeric co-phase, polydopamine (PDA) enhances the color chroma and visibility. By controlling the PDA amount, the composite films can detect organic solvents quantitatively and selectively via visible color changes. From the viewpoint of the compatibility and similitude principle, notably, a critical solubility parameter distance (R0) between PDA and "active" solvents is defined with a three-dimensional Hansen solubility sphere; this well constructs a rule for the sensing selectivity of the chemochromic composite films. The findings pave the foundation for the design of colorimetric sensors with specifically testing objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Dong
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dong Li
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lan Bai
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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16
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhao Y. Bio-inspired shape-memory structural color hydrogel film. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:512-519. [PMID: 36546172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors, derived from existing natural creatures, have aroused widespread attention in the materials regulation for different applications. Here, inspired by the color adjusting mechanism of hummingbird, we present a novel shape-memory structural color hydrogel film by introducing shape memory polymers (SMPs) into synthetic inverse opal scaffold structure. The excellent flexibility as well as the inverse opal structure of the hydrogel films imparts them with stable stretchability and brilliant structural colors. Benefiting from the transient structural anisotropy of copolymers, the hybrid films are possessed with shape-morphing behaviors capability. Based on the shape transformations and color responsiveness performance, we have demonstrated diverse structural color actuators with complex shapes for different tasks. Notably, as the photothermal responsive graphene quantum dots were integrated into the hydrogel, the hybrid films could also be endowed with the feature of light-controlled reversible deformation with synchronous structural color variation. These features demonstrate that the presented shape-memory structural color hydrogel film is valuable for soft robotics with multi-functions of sensing, communication and disguise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhuohao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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17
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Guo M, Li Y, Yan X, Song J, Liu D, Li Q, Su F, Shi X. Sustainable iridescence of cast and shear coatings of cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118628. [PMID: 34561019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As an eco-friendly sustainable iridescent coating, cholesteric cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is susceptible to substrate effects or shearing effects. In this work, interface interaction and liquid crystal phase transition were evaluated for fabricating iridescent cast or shear coatings of CNCs onto substrates of polystyrene, glass, ceramic, wood, stainless steel, metal, or metal alloy. Three types of substrate effects and four categories of shearing effects on the structure color mechanism of CNC coatings were proposed. Practically, several efficient approaches, such as increasing colloidal concentration, enhancing water-retention of substrates, raising processing temperature, slowing down shearing speed, or doping functional additives were involved. Hence, a feasible strategy was provided for preparing sustainable, iridescent, stable, and industrially scalable coatings of CNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xueyi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jianing Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Dagang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xingwei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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18
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Yao Y, Zhu J, Shen Y, Wu H. pH-Responsive Dual-Emitting Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose-Based Material Containing Fluorescein Isothiocyanate and CaAl 2O 4:Eu 2+,Dy 3+ Phosphors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:50338-50349. [PMID: 34637258 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we prepared a dual-emitting cellulose film with pH response, which offers high transparency, good flexibility, and intense thermal stability. The color of the fluorescent film that changes from green to blue-green to cyan was achieved by covalently attaching organic dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), inorganic pigment NH2-CaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (NH2-CAO), and organic-inorganic fluorescence species onto hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HMPC) chains, respectively. Benefiting from the "anchoring" and "dilution" effects of the HMPC skeleton, HPMC-FITC and HPMC@NH2-CAO fluorescent solutions and solid-state films emit green and blue-green fluorescence at 535 and 480 nm, respectively. The obtained pH-responsive cellulose-based dual-emitting film can continuously emit cyan light at the two emission peaks of 480 and 535 nm for a long time and exhibits strong fluorescence intensity under exceedingly alkaline conditions. Moreover, the HPMC-based fluorescent solution coated on glass and fabric substrate shows strong fluorescence under 365 nm UV light stimulation. Compared with the existing cellulose-based fluorescent films, this work expands the emission wavelength range of cellulose-based fluorescent films and prolongs the luminescent time of environment-responsive fluorescent films. This provides a new way to prepare intelligent color-changing fabric-coating materials and sensitive pH sensors based on biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxin Zhu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqin Shen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Wu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Rao J, Lv Z, Chen G, Hao X, Guan Y, Peng P, Su Z, Peng F. Constructing a Novel Xylan-Based Film with Flexibility, Transparency, and High Strength. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3810-3818. [PMID: 34347473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylan-based films have great potential to replace petroleum-based polymers used for packaging and coatings due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and good gas barrier properties. However, fabricating a xylan-based film with flexible, transparent, water-proof, and excellent mechanical properties is an enormous challenge. Herein, we manufactured a series of degradable films with adjustable properties via solution-casting using a water-soluble xylan derivative. This is the first report of a pure xylan-based film with high performance, requiring no additives. The tensile strength of the xylan-based film could be controlled by adjusting the aldehyde content, which varied from 105.0 to 132.6 MPa. The smallest initial water contact angle of the xylan-based films is 93.26°, indicating that these films are hydrophobic. This work shows a simple and viable route toward manufacturing xylan-based films with high tensile strength, flexibility, and transparency, which can be used for packaging materials and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Rao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziwen Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gegu Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Pai Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhenhua Su
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Wu P, Wang J, Jiang L. Multi-solvent large stopband monitoring based on the insolubility/superoleophilicity of PEDOT inverse opals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4519-4527. [PMID: 34355120 PMCID: PMC8315103 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and post-processing of organic solvents are important for environmental protection. Challenges remain in the development of a universal material which can detect any solvent with a large stopband shift and show excellent stability. Herein, we demonstrate a poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene inverse opal (PEDOT-IO) with a large stopband shift toward various solvents based on the insolubility/superoleophilicity properties. The PEDOT-IO film was fabricated by the potentiostatic polymerization of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene using a three-electrode system, infiltrating the interstices of the photonic crystal template with PEDOT and subsequently removing the template. The surface of the PEDOT-IO film presented a composite structure: interconnected pores and hollow shells. When the solvent was introduced into the voids of PEDOT-IO film, the effective refractive index (n) of the whole sample increased due to the replacement of air with the solvent, and the pores and hollow shells showed different degrees of swelling. The synergistic effect of increased n and volume expansion contributed to a large redshift of the stopband of the PEDOT-IO film. PEDOT-IO film exhibited excellent resistance to various solvents and high/low temperature. This work further enriches the application of conductive polymers in solvent-responsive PC sensors and provides a novel means of creating PC-based optical materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfaces Sciences, Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technologies, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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21
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Sun C, Zhu D, Jia H, Yang C, Zheng Z, Wang X. Bio-based visual optical pressure-responsive sensor. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117823. [PMID: 33712164 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A bio-based pressure-responsive sensor with adjustable structural color is prepared by combining aerogel skeleton of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) obtained via the ice-templating method with flexible polyacrylamide (PAAM) elastomer. The white aerogel is composed of consecutive ribbons, demonstrating chiral nematic structure. These ribbons are rearranged to be vertical to the force direction, leading to immediate appearance of the structural color when the 3D aerogel transforms to a 2D plane. Helical pitches are regulated by the PEG content that the wavelength of structural color covers up to 178 nm. There is an excellent linear correlation between pressure and transmittance of reflectance peak, and the sensitivity to pressure can be regulated by changing solid content of PAAM. Furthermore, the pressure-responsive color is still vivid after 16 cycles of compression. This flexible material with pressure-responsive structural color is promising in sensing, intelligent display, information transmission, and etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chongchong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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