1
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Hadžić A, Može M, Zupančič M, Golobič I. Aluminum Micropillar Surfaces with Hierarchical Micro- and Nanoscale Features for Enhancement of Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient and Critical Heat Flux. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:667. [PMID: 38668161 PMCID: PMC11054976 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The rapid progress of electronic devices has necessitated efficient heat dissipation within boiling cooling systems, underscoring the need for improvements in boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF). While different approaches for micropillar fabrication on copper or silicon substrates have been developed and have shown significant boiling performance improvements, such enhancement approaches on aluminum surfaces are not broadly investigated, despite their industrial applicability. This study introduces a scalable approach to engineering hierarchical micro-nano structures on aluminum surfaces, aiming to simultaneously increase HTC and CHF. One set of samples was produced using a combination of nanosecond laser texturing and chemical etching in hydrochloric acid, while another set underwent an additional laser texturing step. Three distinct micropillar patterns were tested under saturated pool boiling conditions using water at atmospheric pressure. Our findings reveal that microcavities created atop pillars successfully facilitate nucleation and micropillars representing nucleation site areas on a microscale, leading to an enhanced HTC up to 242 kW m-2 K-1. At the same time, the combination of the surrounding hydrophilic porous area enables increased wicking and pillar patterning, defining the vapor-liquid pathways on a macroscale, which leads to an increase in CHF of up to 2609 kW m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matic Može
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.H.); (M.Z.); (I.G.)
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2
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Berce J, Hadžić A, Može M, Arhar K, Gjerkeš H, Zupančič M, Golobič I. Effect of Surface Wettability on Nanoparticle Deposition during Pool Boiling on Laser-Textured Copper Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:311. [PMID: 38334582 PMCID: PMC10856959 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies have evidenced the potential for enhancing boiling heat transfer through modifications of surface or fluid properties. The deployment of nanofluids in pool boiling systems is challenging due to the deposition of nanoparticles on structured surfaces, which may result in performance deterioration. This study addresses the use of TiO2-water nanofluids (mass concentrations of 0.001 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%) in pool boiling heat transfer and concurrent mitigation of nanoparticle deposition on superhydrophobic laser-textured copper surfaces. Samples, modified through nanosecond laser texturing, were subjected to boiling in an as-prepared superhydrophilic (SHPI) state and in a superhydrophobic state (SHPO) following hydrophobization with a self-assembled monolayer of fluorinated silane. The boiling performance assessment involved five consecutive boiling curve runs under saturated conditions at atmospheric pressure. Results on superhydrophilic surfaces reveal that the use of nanofluids always led to a deterioration of the heat transfer coefficient (up to 90%) compared to pure water due to high nanoparticle deposition. The latter was largely mitigated on superhydrophobic surfaces, yet their performance was still inferior to that of the same surface in water. On the other hand, CHF values of 1209 kW m-2 and 1462 kW m-2 were recorded at 0.1 wt.% concentration on both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, respectively, representing a slight enhancement of 16% and 27% compared to the results obtained on their counterparts investigated in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Berce
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Armin Hadžić
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Matic Može
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Klara Arhar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Henrik Gjerkeš
- School of Engineering and Management, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia;
| | - Matevž Zupančič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Iztok Golobič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.B.); (A.H.); (M.M.); (K.A.); (M.Z.)
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Ranjan A, Priy A, Ahmad I, Pathak M, Khan MK, Keshri AK. Heat Transfer Characteristics of Pool Boiling with Scalable Plasma-Sprayed Aluminum Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6337-6354. [PMID: 37092979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To ensure adequate reliability in two-phase cooling systems involving boiling, it is essential to enhance the heat transfer coefficient and maximize the critical heat flux (CHF) limit. A key technique to avoid surface burnout and increase the CHF limit in pool boiling is the frequent coolant supply to the probable dry-out locations. In the present work, we have explored the plasma-spray coating as a surface modification technique for enhancing heat transfer coefficient and CHF value in pool boiling applications. Three plasma-coated aluminum surfaces (C-15, C-20, and C-25) are fabricated on a copper substrate at three different plasma powers of 15, 20, and 25 kW, respectively. Detailed surface morphologies of the plasma-sprayed coatings are presented, and their roles in pool boiling heat transfer mechanisms are analyzed. Plasma-coated surfaces exhibit wickability characteristics and enhanced wettability compared to the plain copper surface. Saturated pool boiling experiments are performed with DI (deionized) water at atmospheric pressure. Plasma spray-coated surfaces show favorable boiling incipience with less wall superheat and more active nucleation sites than the plain copper surface. Compared to the plain copper surface, enhancement values of nearly 68, 60.7, and 55.5% in the heat transfer coefficient are observed for C-15, C-20, and C-25 plasma-coated surfaces, respectively. Experiments could not be performed beyond the heat flux of 197 W/cm2 due to repeated failure of the cartridge heaters. Based on the experimental measurement of wickabilities, the CHF values of plasma-coated surfaces have been theoretically calculated. Compared to the plain copper surface, a maximum 2.39 times higher CHF value is observed for C-15 plasma-coated surface. Improved wettability and wickability are responsible for CHF enhancement in the case of plasma-coated surfaces. At higher heat flux, capillary wicking and frequent rewetting of the dryout locations delay the burnout phenomenon, enhancing CHF in plasma-coated surfaces. The plasma-spray coating is a robust and scalable process, which can be a potential candidate for high heat flux dissipation in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Ranjan
- Sustainable Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India
| | - Akash Priy
- Sustainable Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Sustainable Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India
| | - Manabendra Pathak
- Sustainable Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India
| | - Mohd Kaleem Khan
- Sustainable Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India
| | - Anup Kumar Keshri
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, India
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4
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Chu B, Fu B, Dong L, Cheng W, Wang R, Zheng F, Fang C, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T. A Graphene Quantum Dot Film with a Nanoengineered Crack-Like Surface via Bubble-Induced Self-Assembly for High-Power Thermal Energy Management Applications. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:259-266. [PMID: 36542060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Films with micro/nanostructures that show high wicking performance are promising in water desalination, atmospheric water harvesting, and thermal energy management systems. Here, we use a facile bubble-induced self-assembly method to directly generate films with a nanoengineered crack-like surface on the substrate during bubble growth when self-dispersible graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanofluid is used as the working medium. The crack-like micro/nanostructure, which is generated due to the thermal stress, enables the GQD film to not only have superior capillary wicking performance but also provide many additional nucleation sites. The film demonstrates enhanced phase change-based heat transfer performance, with a simultaneous enhancement of the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient up to 169% and 135% over a smooth substrate, respectively. Additionally, the GQD film with high stability enables a performance improvement in the concentration ratio and electrical efficiency of concentrated photovoltaics in an analytical study, which is promising for high-power thermal energy management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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5
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Zhao J, Wang C, Wang C, Zhang K, Cong B, Yang L, Zhao X, Chen C. Synergistic effects of boron nitride sheets and reduced graphene oxide on reinforcing the thermal conduction,
SERS
performance and thermal property of polyimide composite films. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Polymer Composites Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun P. R. China
| | - Chengyang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Bing Cong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun P. R. China
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6
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Može M, Zupančič M, Steinbücher M, Golobič I, Gjerkeš H. Nanosecond Laser-Textured Copper Surfaces Hydrophobized with Self-Assembled Monolayers for Enhanced Pool Boiling Heat Transfer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4032. [PMID: 36432318 PMCID: PMC9696775 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased cooling requirements of many compact systems involving high heat fluxes demand the development of high-performance cooling techniques including immersion cooling utilizing pool boiling. This study presents the functionalization of copper surfaces to create interfaces for enhanced pool boiling heat transfer. Three types of surface structures including a crosshatch pattern, shallow channels and deep channels were developed using nanosecond laser texturing to modify the surface micro- and nanomorphology. Each type of surface structure was tested in the as-prepared superhydrophilic state and superhydrophobic state following hydrophobization, achieved through the application of a nanoscale self-assembled monolayer of a fluorinated silane. Boiling performance evaluation was conducted through three consecutive runs under saturated conditions at atmospheric pressure utilizing water as the coolant. All functionalized surfaces exhibited enhanced boiling heat transfer performance in comparison with an untreated reference. The highest critical heat flux of 1697 kW m-2 was achieved on the hydrophobized surface with shallow channels. The highest heat transfer coefficient of 291.4 kW m-2 K-1 was recorded on the hydrophobized surface with deep channels at CHF incipience, which represents a 775% enhancement over the highest values recorded on the untreated reference. Surface microstructure was identified as the key reason for enhanced heat transfer parameters. Despite large differences in surface wettability, hydrophobized surfaces exhibited comparable (or even higher) CHF values in comparison with their hydrophilic counterparts, which are traditionally considered as more favorable for achieving high CHF values. A significant reduction in bubble departure diameter was observed on the hydrophobized surface with deep channels and is attributed to effective vapor entrapment, which is pointed out as a major contributing reason behind the observed extreme boiling heat transfer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Može
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Zupančič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Iztok Golobič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Henrik Gjerkeš
- School of Engineering and Management, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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7
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Liao J, Zhang X, Sun Z, Chen H, Fu J, Si H, Ge C, Lin S. Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Wearable Epidermal Ion-Selective Sensors for Noninvasive Multiplexed Sweat Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060397. [PMID: 35735545 PMCID: PMC9221044 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors are a rapidly rising research area owing to their convenience for personal healthcare and disease diagnosis in a real-time and noninvasive manner. However, the fast and scalable fabrication of flexible electrodes remains a major challenge. Here, we develop a wearable epidermal sensor for multiplexed sweat analysis based on the laser-induced graphene (LIG) technique. This simple and mask-free technique allows the direct manufacturing of graphene electrode patterns on commercial polyimide foils. The resulting LIG devices can simultaneously monitor the pH, Na+, and K+ levels in sweat with the sensitivities of 51.5 mV/decade (pH), 45.4 mV/decade (Na+), and 43.3 mV/decade (K+), respectively. Good reproducibility, stability, and selectivity are also observed. On-body testing of the LIG-based sensor integrated with a flexible printed circuit board during stationary cycling demonstrates its capability for real-time sweat analysis. The concentrations of ions can be remotely and wirelessly transmitted to a custom-developed smartphone application during the period in which the sensor user performs physical activities. Owing to the unique advantages of LIG technique, including facile fabrication, mass production, and versatile, more physiological signals (glucose, uric acid, tyrosine, etc.) could be easily expanded into the LIG-based wearable sensors to reflect the health status or clinical needs of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Xiangya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Zihan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Hande Chen
- Hainan Unican Science and Technology Innovation Institute, Haikou 571152, China; (H.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Jian Fu
- Hainan Unican Science and Technology Innovation Institute, Haikou 571152, China; (H.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Hewei Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (J.L.); (X.Z.); (Z.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Shiwei Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
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8
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Song Y, Wang C, Preston DJ, Su G, Rahman MM, Cha H, Seong JH, Philips B, Bucci M, Wang EN. Enhancement of Boiling with Scalable Sandblasted Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9788-9794. [PMID: 35143158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface engineering has been leveraged by researchers to enhance boiling heat transfer performance, with benefits ranging from improved thermal management to more efficient power generation. While engineered surfaces fabricated using cleanroom processes have shown promising boiling results, scalable methods for surface engineering are still limited despite most real-world industry-scale applications involving large boiling areas. In this work, we investigate the use of sandblasting as a scalable surface engineering technique for the enhancement of pool boiling heat transfer. We vary the size of an abrasive Al2O3 sandblasting medium (25, 50, 100, and 150 μm) and quantify its effects on silicon surface conditions and boiling characteristics. The surface morphology and capillary wicking performance are characterized by optical profilometry and capillary rise tests, respectively. Pool boiling results and surface characterization reveal that surface roughness and volumetric wicking rate increase with the abrasive size, which results in improvements in the critical heat flux and the heat transfer coefficient of up to 192.6 and 434.3% compared to a smooth silicon surface, respectively. The significant enhancement achieved with sandblasted surfaces indicates that sandblasting is a promising option for improving boiling performance in industry-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsup Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel J Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, William Marsh Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Guanyu Su
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Md Mahamudur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Hyeongyun Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jee Hyun Seong
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bren Philips
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matteo Bucci
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Naseri I, Ziaee M, Nilsson ZN, Lustig DR, Yourdkhani M. Electrothermal Performance of Heaters Based on Laser-Induced Graphene on Aramid Fabric. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3746-3757. [PMID: 35128283 PMCID: PMC8811899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured heaters based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) are promising for heat generation and temperature control in a variety of applications due to their high efficiency as well as a fast, facile, and highly scalable fabrication process. While recent studies have shown that LIG can be written on a wide range of precursors, the reports on LIG-based heaters are mainly limited to polyimide film substrates. Here, we develop and characterize nanostructured heaters by direct writing of laser-induced graphene on nonuniform and structurally porous aramid woven fabric. The synthesis and writing of graphene on aramid fabric is conducted using a 10.6 μm CO2 laser. The quality of laser-induced graphene and electrical properties of the heater fabric is tuned by controlling the lasing process parameters. Produced heaters exhibit good electrothermal efficiency with steady-state temperatures up to 170 °C when subjected to an input power density of 1.5 W cm-2. In addition, the permeable texture of LIG-aramid fabric heaters allows for easy impregnation with thermosetting resins. We demonstrate the encapsulation of fabric heaters with two different types of thermosetting resins to develop both flexible and stiff composites. A flexible heater is produced by the impregnation of LIG-aramid fabric by silicone rubber. While the flexible composite heater exhibits inferior electrothermal performance compared to neat LIG-aramid fabric, it shows consistent electrothermal performance under various electrical and mechanical loading conditions. A multifunctional fiber-reinforced composite panel with integrated de-icing functionality is also manufactured using one ply of LIG-aramid fabric heater as part of the composite layup. The results of de-icing experiments show excellent de-icing capability, where a 5 mm thick piece of ice is completely melted away within 2 min using an input power of 12.8 W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Naseri
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Morteza Ziaee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Zach N. Nilsson
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Danielle R. Lustig
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Mostafa Yourdkhani
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- School
of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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10
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Xia Y, Gao X, Li R. Influence of Surface Wettability on Bubble Formation and Motion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14483-14490. [PMID: 34851638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bubble dynamics plays an important role in boiling heat transfer, and surface wettability affects bubble behaviors. In the present work, the effects of surface superhydrophilicity (SHI) and superhydrophobicity (SHO) on bubble dynamics are experimentally studied by observing the formation and motion behaviors of air bubbles and vapor bubbles on varied surfaces. For air bubbles to better mimic vapor bubbles, the air bubbles are introduced in a water pool by injecting airflow from a through hole of the surface. Air bubble tests are first conducted on homogeneous SHO and SHI surfaces, respectively. It is observed that surface wettability significantly affects the bubble size and departure frequency. To discover the dynamic behaviors of a bubble under both SHI and SHO, a biphilic surface with SHI and SHO areas is fabricated, and air bubbles are injected right on the biphilic border between the two areas. It is observed the wettability contrast significantly displaces the air bubbles, which spread only onto the SHO area. The biphilic surface is fabricated for the pool boiling test. Vapor bubbles are observed at different stages of the nucleate boiling, showing surface effects similar to the observations of air bubbles. Not only does this study present the influence of surface wettability on air and vapor bubble behaviors but also it provides useful implications for understanding and optimizing the biphilic surface design for enhancing boiling heat transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakang Xia
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Xuan Gao
- Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ri Li
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
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11
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Cao Z, Liu B, Preger C, Zhang YH, Wu Z, Messing ME, Deppert K, Wei JJ, Sundén B. Nanoparticle-Assisted Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Micro-Pin-Fin Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1089-1101. [PMID: 33417766 PMCID: PMC7880573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Boiling heat transfer intensification is of significant relevance to energy conversion and various cooling processes. This study aimed to enhance the saturated pool boiling of FC-72 (a dielectric liquid) by surface modifications and explore mechanisms of the enhancement. Specifically, circular and square micro pin fins were fabricated on silicon surfaces by dry etching and then copper nanoparticles were deposited on the micro-pin-fin surfaces by electrostatic deposition. Experimental results indicated that compared with a smooth surface, the micro pin fins increased the heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux by more than 200 and 65-83%, respectively, which were further enhanced by the nanoparticles up to 24% and more than 20%, respectively. Correspondingly, the enhancement mechanism was carefully explored by high-speed bubble visualizations, surface wickability measurements, and model analysis. It was quantitatively found that small bubble departure diameters with high bubble departure frequencies promoted high heat transfer coefficients. The wickability, which characterizes the ability of a liquid to rewet a surface, played an important role in determining the critical heat flux, but further analyses indicated that evaporation beneath bubbles was also essential and competition between the wicking and the evaporation finally triggered the critical heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Heat
Transfer Division, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bin Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Calle Preger
- Solid
State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yong-hai Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan Wu
- Heat
Transfer Division, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria E. Messing
- Solid
State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Knut Deppert
- Solid
State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jin-jia Wei
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bengt Sundén
- Heat
Transfer Division, Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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