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Kuang X, Yang X, Fu H, Li S, Bian H. Effect of nano-graphene lubricating oil on particulate matter of a diesel engine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10797. [PMID: 38734735 PMCID: PMC11088659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano-graphene lubricating oil with appropriate concentration shows excellent performance in reducing friction and wear under different working conditions of diesel engines, and has been widely concerned. Lubricating oil has a significant impact on particulate matter (PM) emissions. At present, there are few studies on the impact of nano-graphene lubricating oil on the physicochemical properties of PM. In order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of nano-graphene lubricating oil on diesel engines, this paper mainly focused on the effects of lubricating oil nano-graphene additives on the particle size distribution and physicochemical properties of PM. The results show that, compared with pure lubricating oil, the total number of nuclear PM and accumulated PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil is significantly increased. The fractal dimension of PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil increases and its structure becomes more compact. The average fringe separation distance of basic carbon particles decreases, the average fringe length increases. The degree of ordering and graphitization of basic carbon particles are higher. The fringe tortuosity of basic carbon particles decreases, and the fluctuation of carbon layer structure of basic carbon particles decreases. Aliphatic substances in PM are basically unchanged, aromatic components and oxygen functional groups increase. The initial PM oxidation temperature and burnout temperature increase, the maximum oxidation rate temperature and combustion characteristic index decrease, and the activation energy increases, making it more difficult to oxidize. This was mainly caused by the higher graphitization degree of PM of nano-graphene lubricating oil and the increased content of aromatic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kuang
- School of Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Xiping Yang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong, 226010, China.
| | - Hao Fu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengyong Li
- School of Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong, 226010, China
| | - Hua Bian
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information, Jiangsu Shipping College, Nantong, 226010, China
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Zhu X, Wang X, Liu Y, Luo Y, Zhang H. Probing the Effect of Cuttings Particle Size on the Friction and Wear Mechanism at the Casing Friction Interface: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13386-13398. [PMID: 37688790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Cuttings particles of different sizes in the drilling fluid are the leading cause of wear at the casing and drill pipe joints, and diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have excellent research potential in reducing tool wear due to their ultra-low friction coefficient and high wear resistance. In this paper, a corresponding molecular dynamics model was developed using LAMMPS to investigate the effect of silica particles of different particle sizes on the friction and wear mechanisms of Fe/DLC friction pairs at the microscale. The results show that small cuttings particles in a dry environment are more likely to cause interface wear between the casing and drill pipe joint, while in a water environment, the opposite is true. The main reason is that small particles in a dry environment have smaller contact areas and greater indentation depth, leading to greater wear at the friction interface. The movement of water molecules in the water environment will promote the composite movement of large particles, thereby exacerbating the wear of the interface. Moreover, the relevant research results at the micro-scale indicate that DLC films can effectively reduce wear, which provides theoretical support for its application in drill pipe joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yiyao Luo
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
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Xie H, Wang Y, Wang P, Liu S, Ye Q, Liu W. Poly(tannic acid)-functionalized onion-like carbon nanoparticles derived from candle soot serving as potent lubricant additives. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Zhu X, Luo Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhao X. Understanding the Effect of Oil-Based Lubricants on the Tribological Behavior of Fe-Cr Alloys from Reactive Molecular Dynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5145-5155. [PMID: 37010490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the frictional behaviors of Fe-Cr alloys in the lubricating effect of oil-based lubricant are investigated through reactive molecular dynamics. It is shown that the oil-based lubricant achieves ultralow friction through hydrodynamic lubrication by linear alpha olefin (C8H16) and passivation of the friction pairs by hydrogen gas (H2) and free H atoms generated by the friction chemistry. Moreover, there is a critical value for the transition of the crystal structure of Fe-Cr alloy from body-centered cubic (Bcc) to amorphous structure (Other), leading to a dramatic change in friction. Meanwhile, a sliding interface consisting of a large number of amorphous structures is formed near the rigid layer, which keeps the friction force stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yiyao Luo
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Pipechina Guizhou Pipeline Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550081, China
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Zhu X, Wang X, Liu Y, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhao X. Effect of the Graphitization Mechanism on the Friction and Wear Behavior of DLC Films Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1905-1913. [PMID: 36700881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Whether a graphitization mechanism can control the low-friction behavior of DLC films is still controversial. In this paper, we establish the molecular dynamics model of the DLC film with graphene (DLC-GR-DLC) by LAMMPS and study the influence of the graphitization mechanism on the friction and wear behavior of the DLC film. The friction force of the DLC-GR-DLC model in the running-in stage is significantly smaller than that of the DLC film and then gradually increases to the same size as that of the DLC film. Further analysis indicates that the graphitization mechanism could indeed reduce the shear stress of the friction interface when graphene remains intact. However, the curling and breaking of the graphene structure will lead to an increase in shear force at the friction interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, China
| | - Yiyao Luo
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu610500, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Pipechina Guizhou Pipeline Co., Ltd., Guiyang550081, China
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Huo L, Guo J, Hu H, Zhang K, Zhou H, Liu P. Graphene Nanosheets as Lubricant Additives: Effects of Nature and Size on Lubricating Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9678-9685. [PMID: 35894785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has been widely investigated as an additive in lubricating oils to enhance their tribological performance. Here, the effects of the nature and size of the graphene nanosheets on the tribological performance were investigated with the hydrogenated hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene dioctoate (O-HHTPB-O) as a model base oil after alkylation of the graphene oxide (GO) of different sizes with 1-dodecylamine (DA) and reduction. The 1-dodecylamine-modified graphene oxide (DA-GO) showed better dispersibility in the O-HHTPB-O base oil and subsequently better tribological performance than the reduced one (DA-rGO) for both the larger graphene oxide nanosheets (GOL) and the smaller graphene oxide nanosheets (GOS). The DA-GOS exhibited better wear-reduction performance than the DA-GOL, owing to its smaller size and higher polarity. Although the DA-GOL could be ground during the friction, the friction and wear in the original period affected the complete period lubricating performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
| | - Jinshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li X, Xu X, Qi J, Zhang D, Wang A, Lee KR. Insights into Superlow Friction and Instability of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon/Fluid Nanocomposite Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35173-35186. [PMID: 34275273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) film exhibits the superlubricity phenomena as rubbed against dry sliding contacts. However, its antifriction stability strongly depends on the working environment. By composting with the fluid lubricant, the friction response and fundamental mechanisms governing the low-friction performance and instability of a-C:H remain unclear, while they are not accessible by experiment due to the complicated interfacial structure and the lack of advanced characterization technique in situ. Here, we addressed this puzzle with respect to the physicochemical interactions of a-C:H/oil/graphene nanocomposite interface at atomic scale. Results reveal that although the friction capacity and stability of system are highly sensitive to the hydrogenated degrees of mated a-C:H surfaces, the optimized H contents of mated a-C:H surfaces are suggested in order to reach the superlow friction or even superlubricity. Interfacial structure analysis indicates that the fundamental friction mechanism attributes to the hydrogenation-induced passivation of friction interface and squeezing effect to fluid lubricant. Most importantly, the opposite diffusion of fluid oil molecules to the sliding direction is observed, resulting in the transformation of the real friction interface from a-C:H/oil interface to oil/oil interface. These outcomes enable an effective manipulation of the superlow friction of carbon-based films and the development of customized solid-fluid lubrication systems for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Qi
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P.R. China
| | - Aiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P.R. China
| | - Kwang-Ryeol Lee
- Computational Science Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
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