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Yang J, Chang L, Zhang X, Cao Z, Jiang L. Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:140. [PMID: 38436830 PMCID: PMC10912071 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demonstrated significant potential in advancing technological devices. However, achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomaterials, enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive functionalities, remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids, which enables the fabrication of highly stable, flexible, and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure. The utilization of hydrophobic and nonvolatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water, effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface. Furthermore, the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior, enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film. The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4 Ω sq-1 and 93% transmittance, but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility. Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices. This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziquan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- Nanomics Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China.
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Kumar S, Seo Y. Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300908. [PMID: 37821417 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) constitute an indispensable component in state-of-the-art electronic devices, such as wearable flexible sensors, flexible displays, artificial skin, and biomedical devices, etc. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques, growth modes, material dimensions, design, and their impacts on FTCEs fabrication. The growth modes, such as the "Stranski-Krastanov growth," "Frank-van der Merwe growth," and "Volmer-Weber growth" modes provide flexibility in fabricating FTCEs. Application of different materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, polymer composites, conductive oxides, and hybrid materials in FTCE fabrication, emphasizing their suitability in flexible devices are discussed. This review also delves into the design strategies of FTCEs, including microgrids, nanotroughs, nanomesh, nanowires network, and "kirigami"-inspired patterns, etc. The pros and cons associated with these materials and designs are also addressed appropriately. Considerations such as trade-offs between electrical conductivity and optical transparency or "figure of merit (FoM)," "strain engineering," "work function," and "haze" are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of FTCEs for flexible electronics, including the improved trade-offs between optoelectronic parameters, novel materials development, mechanical stability, reproducibility, scalability, and durability enhancement, safety, biocompatibility, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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Peng H, Pan M, Jiang H, Huang W, Wang X, Yang Q, Chen S, Yan B. Cobweb-Inspired Quintuple Network Structures toward High-Performance Wearable Electrochromic Devices with Excellent Bending Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42402-42411. [PMID: 36070607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs) have been regarded as an ideal stratagem for wearable displays. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve long-term stability for high-performance FECDs due to their severe electrolyte deformation/leakage under repeated bending. Herein, inspired by the rough and fluffy microstructure of cobwebs, we prepared a porous polylactic acid (PLA) network through electrospinning and nonsolvent-induced phase separation. This loosely interlaced PLA network can be well infiltrated by electrolytes and exhibits extraordinarily high transparency; in addition, its surface contains numerous tiny holes to effectively load electrolytes to mitigate deformation. Furthermore, we also introduced silver nanowires (AgNWs) as the supporting network to load and connect electrochromic materials. After assembling them with graphene (GR) electrodes, a wearable FECD with a quintuple network structure (two GR networks, two AgNW networks, and one PLA network) was successfully prepared. The resulting FECD can realize high optical modulation (more than 70%), excellent cyclic stability (retain 95% after 1000 cycles), and innovative bending resistance (retain 84.8% after 6000 bending cycles). This work not only solves the long-lasting challenge of developing FECD with high optical modulation and bending resistances but also provides an energetic paradigm for diverse soft electronics used in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingfei Pan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Jiang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wenhuan Huang
- Chunliang Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield, Sinopec, Binzhou 256504, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qin Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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A polymer electrolyte design enables ultralow-work-function electrode for high-performance optoelectronics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4987. [PMID: 36008446 PMCID: PMC9411633 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient solution-processed conductive materials with a sufficient low work function are essential to facilitate electron injection in electronic and optoelectronic devices but are challenging. Here, we design an electrically conducting and ambient-stable polymer electrolyte with an ultralow work function down to 2.2 eV, which arises from heavy n-doping of dissolved salts to polymer matrix. Such materials can be solution processed into uniform and smooth films on various conductors including graphene, conductive metal oxides, conducting polymers and metals to substantially improve their electron injection, enabling high-performance blue light-emitting diodes and transparent light-emitting diodes. This work provides a universal strategy to design a wide range of stable charge injection materials with tunable work function. As an example, we also synthesize a high-work-function polymer electrolyte material for high-performance solar cells. Ambient-stable solution-processed conductive materials with a low work function are essential to facilitate electron injection. Here, the authors design and synthesise polymer electrolyte with work function down to 2.2 eV for applications in high-performance light-emitting diodes and solar cells.
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Zhang W, Qin Y, Wang W, Liu F, Meng F, Chen F, Zhu N, Aihaiti A, Zhang M. Construction of Au@PB NPs doped graphene paper as flexible electrode for real-time monitoring of living cells and biosensing platform. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes Fabricated via Laser Nano-Welding of Silver Nanowires. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), which possess a high aspect ratio with superior electrical conductivity and transmittance, show great promise as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for future electronics. Unfortunately, the fabrication of Ag-NW conductive networks with low conductivity and high transmittance is a major challenge due to the ohmic contact resistance between Ag-NWs. Here we report a facile method of fabricating high-performance Ag-NW electrodes on flexible substrates. A 532 nm nanosecond pulsed laser is employed to nano-weld the Ag-NW junctions through the energy confinement caused by localized surface plasmon resonance, reducing the sheet resistance and connecting the junctions with the substrate. Additionally, the thermal effect of the pulsed laser on organic substrates can be ignored due to the low energy input and high transparency of the substrate. The fabricated FTEs demonstrate a high transmittance (up to 85.9%) in the visible band, a low sheet resistance of 11.3 Ω/sq, high flexibility and strong durability. The applications of FTEs to 2D materials and LEDs are also explored. The present work points toward a promising new method for fabricating high-performance FTEs for future wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible electronic devices (especially flexible LCD/OLED), flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high light transmittance, high electrical conductivity, and excellent stretchability have attracted extensive attention from researchers and businesses. FTEs serve as an important part of display devices (touch screen and display), energy storage devices (solar cells and super capacitors), and wearable medical devices (electronic skin). In this paper, we review the recent progress in the field of FTEs, with special emphasis on metal materials, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers (CPs), and composite materials, which are good alternatives to the traditional commercial transparent electrode (i.e., indium tin oxide, ITO). With respect to production methods, this article provides a detailed discussion on the performance differences and practical applications of different materials. Furthermore, major challenges and future developments of FTEs are also discussed.
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Tang Y, Yin W, Huang Y, Zhang G, Zhao Q, Li D. All solution-processed silver nanowires composite silica nanospheres antireflection structure with synergetic optoelectronic performance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The silver nanowires/SNSs AR composite TCFs have demonstrated the synergetic effect on optoelectronic performance via a facile solution method, reaching sheet resistance of 49.43 Ω sq−1 dropped by 8.66% and transmittance of 99.84% increased by 6.94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Wanying Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ganghua Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Research Institute of Materials, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Qingbiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Dezeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
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