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Shi HL, Han QZ, Yang J, Gong LJ, Ren YH, Zhao YH, Yang H, Liu QH, Jiang ZT. Unveiling the temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties of the undoped and Na-doped monolayer SnSe allotropes: a comparative study. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:195705. [PMID: 38306692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad256f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Motivated by the excellent thermoelectric (TE) performance of bulk SnSe, extensive attention has been drawn to the TE properties of the monolayer SnSe. To uncover the fundamental mechanism of manipulating the TE performance of the SnSe monolayer, we perform a systematic study on the TE properties of five monolayer SnSe allotropes such asα-,β-,γ-,δ-, andε-SnSe based on the density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green's functions. By comparing the TE properties of the Na-doped SnSe allotropes with the undoped ones, the influences of the Na doping and the temperature on the TE properties are deeply investigated. It is shown that the figure of meritZTwill increase as the temperature increases, which is the same for almost all the Na-doped and undoped cases. The Na doping can enhance or suppress theZTin different SnSe allotropes at different temperatures, implying the presence of the anomalous suppression of theZT. The Na doping inducedZTsuppression may be caused basically by the sharp decrease of the power factor and the weak decrease of the electronic thermal conductance, rather than by the decrease of the phononic thermal conductance. We hope this work will be able to enrich the understanding of the manipulation of TE properties by means of dimensions, structurization, doping, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Shi
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Z Han
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - J Yang
- Shandong Graphenjoy Advanced Material CO. LTD, Dezhou 253072, People's Republic of China
| | - L J Gong
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - H Yang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Q H Liu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Z T Jiang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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2
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Mazur M, Kiliszkiewicz M, Posadowski W, Domaradzki J, Małachowska A, Sokołowski P. A Comprehensive Investigation of the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of AZO Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films Deposited by Medium Frequency Magnetron Sputtering. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:81. [PMID: 38203938 PMCID: PMC10779917 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films and considers them a promising alternative to indium tin oxide in transparent electrodes. The study focusses on critical properties of AZO, including optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, with potential applications in displays, photovoltaic cells, and protective coatings. The deposited AZO thin films are characterised by excellent optical and electrical parameters, with transparency in the visible light range exceeding 80% and resistivity of 10-3 Ω·cm, which gives a high value of figure of merit of 63. Structural analysis confirms the nanocrystalline nature of as-deposited AZO thin films, featuring hexagonal ZnO, orthorhombic Al2O3, and cubic Al2ZnO4 phases. The study includes nanoindentation measurements, which reveal exceptional hardness (11.4 GPa) and reduced elastic modulus (98 GPa), exceeding typical values reported in the literature, highlighting their protective potential. Abrasion tests have shown extraordinary scratch resistance due to the lack of impact on topography and surface roughness up to 10,000 cycles. This comprehensive study demonstrated that as-deposited AZO thin films are multifunctional materials with exceptional optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The findings open up possibilities for a variety of applications, especially in protective coatings, where the combination of hardness, scratch resistance, and transparency is both rare and valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Mazur
- Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Milena Kiliszkiewicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Witold Posadowski
- Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Jarosław Domaradzki
- Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (M.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Małachowska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paweł Sokołowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.M.); (P.S.)
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Zebarjadi M, Akbari O. A Model for Material Metrics in Thermoelectric Thomson Coolers. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:1540. [PMID: 37998232 PMCID: PMC10670593 DOI: 10.3390/e25111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Thomson heat absorption corresponding to changes in the Seebeck coefficient with respect to temperature enables the design of thermoelectric coolers wherein Thomson cooling is the dominant term, i.e., the Thomson coolers. Thomson coolers extend the working range of Peltier coolers to larger temperature differences and higher electrical currents. The Thomson coefficient is small in most materials. Recently, large Thomson coefficient values have been measured attributed to thermally induced phase change during magnetic and structural phase transitions. The large Thomson coefficient observed can result in the design of highly efficient Thomson coolers. This work analyzes the performance of Thomson coolers analytically and sets the metrics for evaluating the performance of materials as their constituent components. The maximum heat flux when the Thomson coefficient is constant is obtained and the performance is compared to Peltier coolers. Three dimensionless parameters are introduced which determine the performance of the Thomson coolers and can be used to analyze the coefficient of performance, the maximum heat flux, and the maximum temperature difference of a Thomson cooler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Zebarjadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Chen X, Wang F, Wang Z, Huang JK. Exploring the Potential of GaN-Based Power HEMTs with Coherent Channel. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2041. [PMID: 38004899 PMCID: PMC10672858 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The GaN industry always demands further improvement in the power transport capability of GaN-based high-energy mobility transistors (HEMT). This paper presents a novel enhancement-type GaN HEMT with high power transmission capability, which utilizes a coherent channel that can form a three-dimensional electron sea. The proposed device is investigated using the Silvaco simulation tool, which has been calibrated against experimental data. Numerical simulations prove that the proposed device has a very high on-state current above 3 A/mm, while the breakdown voltage (above 800 V) is not significantly affected. The calculated Johnson's and Baliga's figure-of-merits highlight the promise of using such a coherent channel for enhancing the performance of GaN HEMTs in power electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghuan Chen
- The China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Fangzhou Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zeheng Wang
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- Department of Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Zhang L, Jin Y, Wang Y, Li W, Guo Z, Zhang J, Yuan L, Zheng C, Zheng Y, Chen R. High-Quality Circularly Polarized Organic Afterglow from Nonconjugated Amorphous Chiral Copolymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:49623-49632. [PMID: 37816127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials featuring circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and/or afterglow emission represent an active research frontier with promising applications in various fields, but the achievement of high-performance CPL organic afterglow (CPOA) remains a huge challenge due to the intrinsic contradictions between the luminescent lifetime/dissymmetry factor (glum) and phosphorescent quantum efficiency (PhQY). Herein, we report a simple and universal approach to design efficient CPOA from amorphous copolymers by incorporating chiral chromophores into a nonconjugated clusterization-triggered emissive polymer with plenty of hydron-bonding interactions, followed by aggregation engineering using water dissolution and evaporation. With this chiral copolymerization and aggregation engineering (CCAE) strategy, high-performance CPOA polymers with PhQYs of up to 6.32%, ultralong lifetimes of over 650 ms, glum values of 3.54 × 10-3, and the highest figure-of-merit were achieved at room temperature. Given the impressive CPOA performance of these polymers, the applications in multilevel data anticounterfeiting and reversible displays with high stability were demonstrated. These findings through the CCAE strategy to overcome the inherent restraints of CPOA materials lay the foundation for the development of amorphous polymers with superior CPOA, significantly expanding the understanding of CPL and the design of organic afterglow materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yishan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yike Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenli Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Youxuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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Nishikawa N, Nishiki M. [Dose-reduction Efficiency by Breast Compression in Digital Mammography]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2023; 79:1151-1157. [PMID: 37517993 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2023-1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although breast compression has been an efficient practice to reduce the breast dose in mammography, there may be some differences between analog and digital systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dose-reduction efficiency by breast compression in digital mammography under its own criterion that signal difference-to-noise ratio (SDNR) be kept at a certain value. METHOD By adopting SDNR as an image quality indicator and average glandular dose (AGD) as a dose indicator, we measured SDNR versus AGD relationship for each breast depth. Then by utilizing figure of merit (FOM), we calculated the breast depth that we had to reduce for halving the breast dose while keeping the SDNR. RESULT To halve the dose, 1.49 cm compression was necessary for 0% breast density, 1.25 cm for 50%, and 1.06 cm for 100%. CONCLUSION Through FOM analysis, we quantitatively revealed the dose-reduction efficiency by breast compression in digital mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nishikawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Masayuki Nishiki
- Department of Radiological Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare
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Lee M, Piper RT, Bhandari B, Hsu JWP. Multiobjective Optimization of Silver-Nanowire Deposition for Flexible Transparent Conducting Electrodes. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:17364-17368. [PMID: 37854852 PMCID: PMC10580235 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the spin coating of silver nanowires to form transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) is guided by machine learning (ML). A good TCE has two competing characteristics: high transmittance and high conductance. Optimization using a scalar figure of merit, as often done in the field, cannot satisfy the independent requirements for transmittance and conductance imposed by specific applications. By performing a Pareto front analysis based on ML models, we show that the desired outcomes of transmittance ≥ 75% and sheet resistance ≤ 15 Ω/sq are challenging but can be achieved using processing parameters identified by ML analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lee
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Robert T. Piper
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Bishal Bhandari
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Julia W. P. Hsu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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8
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Kumar S, Seo Y. Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes: Unveiling Growth Mechanisms, Material Dimensions, Fabrication Methods, and Design Strategies. Small Methods 2023:e2300908. [PMID: 37821417 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) constitute an indispensable component in state-of-the-art electronic devices, such as wearable flexible sensors, flexible displays, artificial skin, and biomedical devices, etc. This review paper offers a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques, growth modes, material dimensions, design, and their impacts on FTCEs fabrication. The growth modes, such as the "Stranski-Krastanov growth," "Frank-van der Merwe growth," and "Volmer-Weber growth" modes provide flexibility in fabricating FTCEs. Application of different materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, polymer composites, conductive oxides, and hybrid materials in FTCE fabrication, emphasizing their suitability in flexible devices are discussed. This review also delves into the design strategies of FTCEs, including microgrids, nanotroughs, nanomesh, nanowires network, and "kirigami"-inspired patterns, etc. The pros and cons associated with these materials and designs are also addressed appropriately. Considerations such as trade-offs between electrical conductivity and optical transparency or "figure of merit (FoM)," "strain engineering," "work function," and "haze" are also discussed briefly. Finally, this review outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of FTCEs for flexible electronics, including the improved trade-offs between optoelectronic parameters, novel materials development, mechanical stability, reproducibility, scalability, and durability enhancement, safety, biocompatibility, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Yongho Seo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering and HMC, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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Maurya R, Mishra A, Yadav CS, Upadhyay A, Sharma G, Kumar S, Singh V. A novel tunable metal-clad planar waveguide with 0.62PMN-0.38PT material for detection of cancer cells. J Biophotonics 2023; 16:e202300148. [PMID: 37280718 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dynamically tunable metal clad planar waveguide having 0.62PMN-0.38PT material is simulated and optimized for detection of cancer cells. Angular interrogation of the TE0 mode of waveguide shows that critical angle increases greater than the resonance angle with increasing of cover refractive index, which limits the detection range of waveguide. To overcome this limitation, proposed waveguide applies a potential on the PMN-PT adlayer. Although a sensitivity of 105.42 degree/RIU was achieved at 70 Volts in testing the proposed waveguide, it was found that the optimal performance parameters were obtained at 60 Volts. At this voltage, the waveguide demonstrated detection range 1.3330-1.5030, a detection accuracy 2393.33, and a figure of merit 2243.59 RIU-1 , which enabled the detection of the entire range of the targeted cancer cells. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a potential of 60 Volts to achieve the best performance from the proposed waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Maurya
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Mishra
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Chandan Singh Yadav
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Upadhyay
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Sri Shankar College Sasaram, Bihar, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Li H, Chen Z, Jia H. Experimental Investigation on Hover Performance of a Ducted Coaxial-Rotor UAV. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6413. [PMID: 37514706 PMCID: PMC10386733 DOI: 10.3390/s23146413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents experimental investigations on aerodynamic performance of a ducted coaxial-rotor system to evaluate its potential application as a small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV). Aimed at determining the influence of design parameters (rotor spacing, tip clearance and rotor position within the duct) on hover performance, a variety of systematic measurements for several correlative configurations (single/coaxial rotor with or without a duct) in terms of thrust and torque, as well as power, were conducted in an attempt to identify a better aerodynamic configuration. The experimental results for the coaxial-rotor system indicated that varying rotor spacing affected the thrust-sharing proportion between the two rotors, but this had no significant effect on the propulsive efficiency. The optimal H/R ratio was identified as being 0.40, due to a larger thrust and stronger stability in the case of identical rotation speeds. As for the ducted single-rotor configuration, the tip clearance played a dominant role in improving its thrust performance, especially for smaller gaps (δ≤0.015R), while the rotor position made subordinate contributions. The maximum performance was obtained with the rotor located at the P5 position (0.31Cd from the duct lip), which resulted in an enhancement of approximately 20% in power loading over the isolated single rotor. When the coaxial rotors were surrounded within the duct, the system thrust for a given power degraded with the increasing rotor spacing, which was mainly attributed to the upper rotor suffering from heavier leakage losses. And hence, the ducted coaxial-rotor system with S1 spacing had the best propulsion efficiency and hover performance with a figure of merit of 0.61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zaibin Chen
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongguang Jia
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Chang Guang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130102, China
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11
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Sudas DP, Jitov VA, Kuznetsov PI. Various Types of Light Guides for Use in Lossy Mode Resonance-Based Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6049. [PMID: 37447898 DOI: 10.3390/s23136049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of figure-of-merit fiber sensors of the mass concentration of NaCl solutions based on single-mode and multi-mode fibers was carried out. Lossy mode resonance is realized on chemically thinned sections of optical fibers to various diameters (from 26 to 100 μm) coated with ZnTe. Thin-film coatings were applied using the method of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Samples of single-mode and multi-mode fiber sensors were created in such a way that the depth and spectral position of resonances in aqueous NaCl solutions coincided. Sensors implemented on a single-mode fiber have a higher sensitivity (5930 nm/refractive index unit (RIU)) compared to those on a multi-mode fiber (4860 nm/RIU) and a smaller half-width of the resonance in the transmission spectrum. According to the results of experiments, figure-of-merit sensors are in the range of refractive indices of 1.33-1.35 for: multi-mode fiber-25 RIU-1, single-mode fiber-75 RIU-1. The sensitivity of the resulting sensors depends on the surface roughness of the ZnTe coating. The roughness of films synthesized on a single-mode fiber is four times higher than this parameter for a coating on a multi-mode fiber. For the first time, in the transmission spectrum during the synthesis of a thin-film coating on a multi-mode fiber, the possibility of separating the first nine orders of resonances into electric and magnetic transverse components has been demonstrated. The characteristics of sensors with the operating wavelength range in the visible (500-750 nm) and infrared (1350-1550 nm) regions of the spectrum are compared. The characteristics of multi-mode lossy mode resonance sensors are demonstrated, which make them more promising for use in applied devices than for laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy P Sudas
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Fryazino Branch), sq. Vvedenskogo 1, Fryazino, Moscow 141190, Russia
- World-Class Research Center, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnical University, Polytechnicheskaya ul.29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Viktor A Jitov
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Fryazino Branch), sq. Vvedenskogo 1, Fryazino, Moscow 141190, Russia
| | - Petr I Kuznetsov
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Fryazino Branch), sq. Vvedenskogo 1, Fryazino, Moscow 141190, Russia
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12
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Saccomandi P. Design Considerations of an ITO-Coated U-Shaped Fiber Optic LMR Biosensor for the Detection of Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:362. [PMID: 36979574 PMCID: PMC10046811 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics has become a serious concern due to certain deficiencies in wastewater facilities, their resistance to removal, and their toxic effects on the natural environment. Therefore, substantial attention has been given to the detection of antibiotics because of their potential detriment to the ecosystem and human health. In the present study, a novel design of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated U-shaped fiber optic lossy mode resonance (LMR) biosensor is presented for the sensitive detection of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP). The performance of the designed U-shaped LMR sensor is characterized in terms of its sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), the figure of merit (FOM), and the limit of detection (LOD). For the proposed U-shaped LMR sensing probe, the various crucial factors such as the thickness (d) of the ITO layer, sensing region length (L), and bending radius (R) are optimized. The thickness of the ITO layer is optimized in such a way that two LMR curves are observed in the transmission spectrum and, thereafter, the performance parameters are evaluated for each LMR. It is observed that the designed U-shaped LMR sensor with optimized parameters shows an approximately seven-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared to the straight-core fiber optic LMR sensor. The numerical results revealed that the designed U-shaped fiber optic LMR biosensor can provide a maximum sensitivity of 17,209.9 nm/RIU with the highest FOM of 91.42 RIU-1, and LOD of 6.3 × 10-5 RIU for the detection of CIP hydrochloride in the concentration range of 0.001 to 0.029 mol∙dm-3. Thus, it is believed that the designed LMR biosensor can practically explore its potential use in environmental monitoring and biomedical applications and hence, opens a new window of opportunity for the researchers working in the field of U-shaped fiber optic LMR biosensing.
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Islam M, Kapri P. Electrical and thermal transport throughα-T3NIS junction. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 35:105301. [PMID: 36549003 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acae13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electrical and thermal transport properties of theα-T3based normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junction using Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk theory. We show that the tunneling conductance of the NIS junction is an oscillatory function of the effective barrier potential (χ) of the insulating region up to a thin barrier limit. The periodicity and the amplitudes of the oscillations largely depend on the values ofαand the gate voltage of the superconducting region, namely,U0. Further, the periodicity of the oscillation changes fromπtoπ/2as we increaseU0. To assess the thermoelectric performance of such a junction, we have computed the Seebeck coefficient, the thermoelectric figure of merit, maximum power output, efficiency at the maximum output power of the system, and the thermoelectric cooling of the NIS junction as a self-cooling device. Our results on the thermoelectric cooling indicate practical realizability and usefulness for using our system as efficient cooling detectors, sensors, etc and hence could be crucial to the experimental success of the thermoelectric applications of such junction devices. Furthermore, for anα-T3lattice, whose limiting cases denote a graphene or a dice lattice, it is interesting to ascertain which one is more suitable as a thermoelectric device and the answer seems to depend on theU0. We observe that for anα-T3lattice corresponding toU0=0, graphene (α = 0) is more feasible for constructing a thermoelectric device, whereas forU0≫EF, the dice lattice (α = 1) has a larger utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Islam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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Sikulskyi S, Ren Z, Mekonnen DT, Holyoak A, Srinivasaraghavan Govindarajan R, Kim D. Additively manufactured unimorph dielectric elastomer actuators: Design, materials, and fabrication. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:1034914. [PMID: 36591410 PMCID: PMC9800877 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.1034914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is a smart material that holds promise for soft robotics due to the material's intrinsic softness, high energy density, fast response, and reversible electromechanical characteristics. Like for most soft robotics materials, additive manufacturing (AM) can significantly benefit DEAs and is mainly applied to the unimorph DEA (UDEA) configuration. While major aspects of UDEA modeling are known, 3D printed UDEAs are subject to specific material and geometrical limitations due to the AM process and require a more thorough analysis of their design and performance. Furthermore, a figure of merit (FOM) is an analytical tool that is frequently used for planar DEA design optimization and material selection but is not yet derived for UDEA. Thus, the objective of the paper is modeling of 3D printed UDEAs, analyzing the effects of their design features on the actuation performance, and deriving FOMs for UDEAs. As a result, the derived analytical model demonstrates dependence of actuation performance on various design parameters typical for 3D printed DEAs, provides a new optimum thickness to Young's modulus ratio of UDEA layers when designing a 3D printed DEA with fixed dielectric elastomer layer thickness, and serves as a base for UDEAs' FOMs. The FOMs have various degrees of complexity depending on considered UDEA design features. The model was numerically verified and experimentally validated through the actuation of a 3D printed UDEA. The fabricated and tested UDEA design was optimized geometrically by controlling the thickness of each layer and from the material perspective by mixing commercially available silicones in non-standard ratios for the passive and dielectric layers. Finally, the prepared non-standard mix ratios of the silicones were characterized for their viscosity dynamics during curing at various conditions to investigate the silicones' manufacturability through AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Sikulskyi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
| | - Zefu Ren
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
| | - Danayit T. Mekonnen
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
| | - Aleiya Holyoak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States
| | | | - Daewon Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Daewon Kim,
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15
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Yushkov KB, Naumenko NF, Molchanov VY. Analysis of Acousto-Optic Figure of Merit in KGW and KYW Crystals. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8183. [PMID: 36431668 PMCID: PMC9697735 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monoclinic potassium rare-earth crystals are known as efficient materials for solid-state lasers and acousto-optic modulators. A number of specific configurations for acousto-optic devices based on those crystals have recently been proposed, but the acousto-optic effect of those crystals has only been analyzed fragmentarily for some interaction directions. In this work, we numerically searched for the global maxima of an acousto-optic figure of merit for isotropic diffraction in KGd(WO4)2 and KY(WO4)2 crystals. It was demonstrated that the global maxima of the acousto-optic figure of merit in those crystals occur in the slow optical mode propagating along the crystal's twofold symmetry axis and in the acoustic wave propagating orthogonally, both for quasi-longitudinal and quasi-shear acoustic modes. The proposed calculation method can be readily used for the optimization of the acousto-optic interaction geometry in crystals with arbitrary symmetry.
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16
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He J, Chen L, Ge Y, Shi S, Li F. Four-Objective Optimizations of a Single Resonance Energy Selective Electron Refrigerator. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:1445. [PMCID: PMC9601456 DOI: 10.3390/e24101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the established model of a single resonance energy selective electron refrigerator with heat leakage in the previous literature, this paper performs multi-objective optimization with finite-time thermodynamic theory and NSGA-II algorithm. Cooling load (R¯), coefficient of performance (ε), ecological function (ECO¯), and figure of merit (χ¯) of the ESER are taken as objective functions. Energy boundary (E′/kB) and resonance width (ΔE/kB) are regarded as optimization variables and their optimal intervals are obtained. The optimal solutions of quadru-, tri-, bi-, and single-objective optimizations are obtained by selecting the minimum deviation indices with three approaches of TOPSIS, LINMAP, and Shannon Entropy; the smaller the value of deviation index, the better the result. The results show that values of E′/kB and ΔE/kB are closely related to the values of the four optimization objectives; selecting the appropriate values of the system can design the system for optimal performance. The deviation indices are 0.0812 with LINMAP and TOPSIS approaches for four-objective optimization (ECO¯−R¯−ε−χ¯), while the deviation indices are 0.1085, 0.8455, 0.1865, and 0.1780 for four single-objective optimizations of maximum ECO¯, R¯, ε, and χ¯, respectively. Compared with single-objective optimization, four-objective optimization can better take different optimization objectives into account by choosing appropriate decision-making approaches. The optimal values of E′/kB and ΔE/kB range mainly from 12 to 13, and 1.5 to 2.5, respectively, for the four-objective optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu He
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Lingen Chen
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanlin Ge
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuangshuang Shi
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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17
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Fang W, Chen Y, Kuang K, Li M. Excellent Thermoelectric Performance of 2D CuMN 2 (M = Sb, Bi; N = S, Se) at Room Temperature. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6700. [PMID: 36234041 PMCID: PMC9572028 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D copper-based semiconductors generally possess low lattice thermal conductivity due to their strong anharmonic scattering and quantum confinement effect, making them promising candidate materials in the field of high-performance thermoelectric devices. In this work, we proposed four 2D copper-based materials, namely CuSbS2, CuSbSe2, CuBiS2, and CuBiSe2. Based on the framework of density functional theory and Boltzmann transport equation, we revealed that the monolayers possess high stability and narrow band gaps of 0.57~1.10 eV. Moreover, the high carrier mobilities (102~103 cm2·V-1·s-1) of these monolayers lead to high conductivities (106~107 Ω-1·m-1) and high-power factors (18.04~47.34 mW/mK2). Besides, as the strong phonon-phonon anharmonic scattering, the monolayers also show ultra-low lattice thermal conductivities of 0.23~3.30 W/mK at 300 K. As results show, all the monolayers for both p-type and n-type simultaneously show high thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of about 0.91~1.53 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Lab of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Public Health and Management School, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Lab of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Kuan Kuang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Lab of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mingkai Li
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Lab of Ferro & Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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18
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Dhawan R, Zeeshan M, Nautiyal T, van den Brink J, Kandpal HC. Thermoelectric transport properties of XAgP (X = Sr and Ba) from first principles. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:455501. [PMID: 36063811 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8f7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For thermoelectric applications those materials are of interest that have significant power factor (PF) and low lattice thermal conductivity,κL. Here we theoretically exploreκLof two novel materials SrAgP and BaAgP using linearized Boltzmann transport equation with a single-mode relaxation time approach. We estimate the figure of meritzTby employingab-initiocalculations based on density functional theory and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. It is observed that at room temperature SrAgP exhibits slightly higher lattice thermal conductivity than BaAgP, which is mainly due to the large phonon group velocity. The relaxation time derived from deformation potential theory indicates a higherp-type PF for SrAgP compared to BaAgP over the entire temperature range. This provides an estimate for the figure of merit for the two materials. The low lattice thermal conductivity and higher PF make SrAgP a more promising thermoelectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshanda Dhawan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohd Zeeshan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Tashi Nautiyal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jeroen van den Brink
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hem C Kandpal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wu L, Tsuruta A, Mikami M, Cho HJ, Ohta H. Ba 1/3CoO 2: A Thermoelectric Oxide Showing a Reliable ZT of ∼0.55 at 600 °C in Air. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:33355-33360. [PMID: 35819907 PMCID: PMC9335523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric energy conversion technology has attracted attention as an energy harvesting technology that converts waste heat into electricity by means of the Seebeck effect. Oxide-based thermoelectric materials that show a high figure of merit are promising because of their good chemical and thermal stability as well as their harmless nature compared to chalcogenide-based state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials. Although several high-ZT thermoelectric oxides (ZT > 1) have been reported thus far, the reliability is low due to a lack of careful observation of their stability at elevated temperatures. Here, we show a reliable high-ZT thermoelectric oxide, Ba1/3CoO2. We fabricated Ba1/3CoO2 epitaxial films by the reactive solid-phase epitaxy method (Na3/4CoO2) followed by ion exchange (Na+ → Ba2+) treatment and performed thermal annealing of the film at high temperatures and structural and electrical measurements. The crystal structure and electrical resistivity of the Ba1/3CoO2 epitaxial films were found to be maintained up to 600 °C. The power factor gradually increased to ∼1.2 mW m-1 K-2 and the thermal conductivity gradually decreased to ∼1.9 W m-1 K-1 with increasing temperature up to 600 °C. Consequently, the ZT reached ∼0.55 at 600 °C in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yuqiao Zhang
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Liao Wu
- Graduate
School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuruta
- Innovative
Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Innovative
Functional Materials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Hai Jun Cho
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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20
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Conteduca D, Arruda GS, Barth I, Wang Y, Krauss TF, Martins ER. Beyond Q: The Importance of the Resonance Amplitude for Photonic Sensors. ACS Photonics 2022; 9:1757-1763. [PMID: 35607641 PMCID: PMC9121374 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Resonant photonic sensors are enjoying much attention based on the worldwide drive toward personalized healthcare diagnostics and the need to better monitor the environment. Recent developments exploiting novel concepts such as metasurfaces, bound states in the continuum, and topological sensing have added to the interest in this topic. The drive toward increasingly higher quality (Q)-factors, combined with the requirement for low costs, makes it critical to understand the impact of realistic limitations such as losses on photonic sensors. Traditionally, it is assumed that the reduction in the Q-factor sufficiently accounts for the presence of loss. Here, we highlight that this assumption is overly simplistic, and we show that losses have a stronger impact on the resonance amplitude than on the Q-factor. We note that the effect of the resonance amplitude has been largely ignored in the literature, and there is no physical model clearly describing the relationship between the limit of detection (LOD), Q-factor, and resonance amplitude. We have, therefore, developed a novel, ab initio analytical model, where we derive the complete figure of merit for resonant photonic sensors and determine their LOD. In addition to highlighting the importance of the optical losses and the resonance amplitude, we show that, counter-intuitively, optimization of the LOD is not achieved by maximization of the Q-factor but by counterbalancing the Q-factor and amplitude. We validate the model experimentally, put it into context, and show that it is essential for applying novel sensing concepts in realistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Conteduca
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Guilherme S. Arruda
- São
Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Isabel Barth
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Thomas F. Krauss
- Photonics
Group, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Emiliano R. Martins
- São
Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil
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Gryga M, Ciprian D, Hlubina P. Distributed Bragg Reflectors Employed in Sensors and Filters Based on Cavity-Mode Spectral-Domain Resonances. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3627. [PMID: 35632032 DOI: 10.3390/s22103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spectral-domain resonances for cavities formed by two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. We model the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the cavity at the normal incidence of light when DBRs are represented by a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC) comprising six bilayers of TiO2/SiO2 with a termination layer of TiO2. Using a new approach based on the reference reflectance, we model the reflectance ratio as a function of both the cavity thickness and its refractive index (RI) and show that narrow dips within the 1DPhC band gap can easily be resolved. We revealed that the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are as high as 610 nm/RIU and 938 RIU−1, respectively. The transmittance spectra include narrow peaks within the 1DPhC band gap and their amplitude and spacing depend on the cavity’s thickness. We experimentally demonstrated the sensitivity to variations of relative humidity (RH) of moist air and FOM as high as 0.156 nm/%RH and 0.047 %RH−1, respectively. In addition, we show that, due to the transmittance spectra, the DBRs with air cavity can be employed as spectral filters, and this is demonstrated for two LED sources for which their spectra are filtered at wavelengths 680 nm and 780 nm, respectively, to widths as narrow as 2.3 nm. The DBR-based resonators, thus, represent an effective alternative to both sensors and optical filters, with advantages including the normal incidence of light and narrow-spectral-width resonances.
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22
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Sk S, Shahi N, Pandey SK. Experimental and computational approaches to study the high temperature thermoelectric properties of novel topological semimetal CoSi. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:265901. [PMID: 35390770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we study the thermoelectric properties of topological semimetal CoSi in the temperature range 300-800 K by using combined experimental and density functional theory (DFT) based methods. CoSi is synthesized using arc melting technique and the Rietveld refinement gives the lattice parameters ofa=b=c= 4.445 Å. The measured values of Seebeck coefficient (S) shows the non-monotonic behaviour in the studied temperature range with the value of ∼-81μV K-1at room temperature. The |S| first increases till 560 K (∼-93μV K-1) and then decreases up to 800 K (∼-84μV K-1) indicating the dominating n-type behaviour in the full temperature range. The electrical conductivity,σ(thermal conductivity,κ) shows the monotonic decreasing (increasing) behaviour with the values of∼5.2×105(12.1 W m-1 K-1) and∼3.6×105(14.2 W m-1 K-1) Ω-1 m-1at 300 K and 800 K, respectively. Theκexhibits the temperature dependency as,κ∝T0.16. The DFT based Boltzmann transport theory is used to understand these behaviour. The multi-band electron and hole pockets appear to be mainly responsible for deciding the temperature dependent transport behaviour. Specifically, the decrease in the |S| above 560 K and change in the slope ofσaround 450 K are due to the contribution of thermally generated charge carriers from the hole pockets. The temperature dependent relaxation time (τ) is computed by comparing the experimentalσwith calculatedσ/τand it shows temperature dependency of 1/T0.35. Further this value ofτis used to calculate the temperature dependent electronic part of thermal conductivity (κe) and it gives a fairly good match with the experiment. Present study suggests that electronic band-structure obtained from DFT provides a reasonably good estimate of the transport coefficients of CoSi in the high temperature region of 300-800 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Sk
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand-175075, India
| | - Nisha Shahi
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sudhir K Pandey
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand-175075, India
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Farooq S, Wali F, Zezell DM, de Araujo RE, Rativa D. Optimizing and Quantifying Gold Nanospheres Based on LSPR Label-Free Biosensor for Dengue Diagnosis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1592. [PMID: 35458342 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to light-particle interaction and its dependence on the surrounding medium have been widely manipulated for sensing applications. The sensing efficiency is governed by the refractive index-based sensitivity (ηRIS) and the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the LSPR spectra. Thereby, a sensor with high precision must possess both requisites: an effective ηRIS and a narrow FWHM of plasmon spectrum. Moreover, complex nanostructures are used for molecular sensing applications due to their good ηRIS values but without considering the wide-band nature of the LSPR spectrum, which decreases the detection limit of the plasmonic sensor. In this article, a novel, facile and label-free solution-based LSPR immunosensor was elaborated based upon LSPR features such as extinction spectrum and localized field enhancement. We used a 3D full-wave field analysis to evaluate the optical properties and to optimize the appropriate size of spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). We found a change in Au NPs' radius from 5 nm to 50 nm, and an increase in spectral resonance peak depicted as a red-shift from 520 nm to 552 nm. Using this fact, important parameters that can be attributed to the LSPR sensor performance, namely the molecular sensitivity, FWHM, ηRIS, and figure of merit (FoM), were evaluated. Moreover, computational simulations were used to assess the optimized size (radius = 30 nm) of Au NPs with high FoM (2.3) and sharp FWHM (44 nm). On the evaluation of the platform as a label-free molecular sensor, Campbell's model was performed, indicating an effective peak shift in the adsorption of the dielectric layer around the Au NP surface. For practical realization, we present an LSPR sensor platform for the identification of dengue NS1 antigens. The results present the system's ability to identify dengue NS1 antigen concentrations with the limit of quantification measured to be 0.07 μg/mL (1.50 nM), evidence that the optimization approach used for the solution-based LSPR sensor provides a new paradigm for engineering immunosensor platforms.
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Hanif M, Jeoti V, Ahmad MR, Aslam MZ, Qureshi S, Stojanovic G. FEM Analysis of Various Multilayer Structures for CMOS Compatible Wearable Acousto-Optic Devices. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7863. [PMID: 34883867 PMCID: PMC8659981 DOI: 10.3390/s21237863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lately, wearable applications featuring photonic on-chip sensors are on the rise. Among many ways of controlling and/or modulating, the acousto-optic technique is seen to be a popular technique. This paper undertakes the study of different multilayer structures that can be fabricated for realizing an acousto-optic device, the objective being to obtain a high acousto-optic figure of merit (AOFM). By varying the thicknesses of the layers of these materials, several properties are discussed. The study shows that the multilayer thin film structure-based devices can give a high value of electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) and a high AOFM as compared to the bulk piezoelectric/optical materials. The study is conducted to find the optimal normalised thickness of the multilayer structures with a material possessing the best optical and piezoelectric properties for fabricating acousto-optic devices. Based on simulations and studies of SAW propagation characteristics such as the electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) and phase velocity (v), the acousto-optic figure of merit is calculated. The maximum value of the acousto-optic figure of merit achieved is higher than the AOFM of all the individual materials used in these layer structures. The suggested SAW device has potential application in wearable and small footprint acousto-optic devices and gives better results than those made with bulk piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Hanif
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.R.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Varun Jeoti
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Mohamad Radzi Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.R.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Muhammad Zubair Aslam
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.R.A.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Saima Qureshi
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
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Bardet L, Papanastasiou DT, Crivello C, Akbari M, Resende J, Sekkat A, Sanchez-Velasquez C, Rapenne L, Jiménez C, Muñoz-Rojas D, Denneulin A, Bellet D. Silver Nanowire Networks: Ways to Enhance Their Physical Properties and Stability. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2785. [PMID: 34835550 PMCID: PMC8625099 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been intensively investigated in recent years. Thanks to their attractive physical properties in terms of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, as well as their mechanical performance, AgNW networks are promising transparent electrodes (TE) for several devices, such as solar cells, transparent heaters, touch screens or light-emitting devices. However, morphological instabilities, low adhesion to the substrate, surface roughness and ageing issues may limit their broader use and need to be tackled for a successful performance and long working lifetime. The aim of the present work is to highlight efficient strategies to optimize the physical properties of AgNW networks. In order to situate our work in relation to existing literature, we briefly reported recent studies which investigated physical properties of AgNW networks. First, we investigated the optimization of optical transparency and electrical conductivity by comparing two types of AgNWs with different morphologies, including PVP layer and AgNW dimensions. In addition, their response to thermal treatment was deeply investigated. Then, zinc oxide (ZnO) and tin oxide (SnO2) protective films deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition (AP-SALD) were compared for one type of AgNW. We clearly demonstrated that coating AgNW networks with these thin oxide layers is an efficient approach to enhance the morphological stability of AgNWs when subjected to thermal stress. Finally, we discussed the main future challenges linked with AgNW networks optimization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Bardet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Dorina T. Papanastasiou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Chiara Crivello
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - João Resende
- AlmaScience Colab, Madan Parque, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Abderrahime Sekkat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Camilo Sanchez-Velasquez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Laetitia Rapenne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Carmen Jiménez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
| | - Aurore Denneulin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Daniel Bellet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (D.T.P.); (C.C.); (M.A.); (A.S.); (C.S.-V.); (L.R.); (C.J.); (D.M.-R.)
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Pennelli G, Dimaggio E, Masci A. Silicon Nanowires: A Breakthrough for Thermoelectric Applications. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185305. [PMID: 34576529 PMCID: PMC8466014 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potentialities of silicon as a starting material for electronic devices are well known and largely exploited, driving the worldwide spreading of integrated circuits. When nanostructured, silicon is also an excellent material for thermoelectric applications, and hence it could give a significant contribution in the fundamental fields of energy micro-harvesting (scavenging) and macro-harvesting. On the basis of recently published experimental works, we show that the power factor of silicon is very high in a large temperature range (from room temperature up to 900 K). Combining the high power factor with the reduced thermal conductivity of monocrystalline silicon nanowires and nanostructures, we show that the foreseen figure of merit ZT could be very high, reaching values well above 1 at temperatures around 900 K. We report the best parameters to optimize the thermoelectric properties of silicon nanostructures, in terms of doping concentration and nanowire diameter. At the end, we report some technological processes and solutions for the fabrication of macroscopic thermoelectric devices, based on large numbers of silicon nanowire/nanostructures, showing some fabricated demonstrators.
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Chen S, Hu S, Wu Y, Deng D, Luo Y, Chen Z. Ultrasensitive Biosensor with Hyperbolic Metamaterials Composed of Silver and Zinc Oxide. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11092220. [PMID: 34578536 PMCID: PMC8464729 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a hyperbolic metamaterial-based surface plasmon resonance (HMM-SPR) sensor by composing a few pairs of alternating silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) layers. Aiming to achieve the best design for the sensor, the dependence of the sensitivity on the incidence angle, the thickness of the alternating layer and the metal filling fraction are explored comprehensively. We find that the proposed HMM-SPR sensor achieves an average sensitivity of 34,800 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) and a figure of merit (FOM) of 470.7 RIU−1 in the refractive index ranging from 1.33 to 1.34. Both the sensitivity (S) and the FOM show great enhancement when compared to the conventional silver-based SPR sensor (Ag-SPR). The underlying physical reason for the higher performance is analyzed by numerical simulation using the finite element method. The higher sensitivity could be attributed to the enhanced electric field amplitude and the increased penetration depth, which respectively increase the interaction strength and the sensing volume. The proposed HMM-SPR sensor with greatly improved sensitivity and an improved figure of merit is expected to find application in biochemical sensing due to the higher resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China; (Y.W.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.H.); (Z.C.)
| | - Yichen Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China; (Y.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Dingnan Deng
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China; (Y.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.H.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information and Sensing Technologies of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (S.H.); (Z.C.)
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Meghoufel ZF, Cherifi F, Boukra A, Terki F. Ab-initioinvestigation on the electronic and thermoelectric properties of new half-Heusler compounds KBi X( X= Ba and Sr). J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:395701. [PMID: 34229317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electronic structures and thermoelectric (TE) properties of KBiBa and KBiSr half-Heusler compounds are investigated by using the combined framework of first-principles and semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. Elastic and phonon properties calculations reveal that these compounds are mechanically and dynamically stable. Band structures calculations, using the Tran and Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential including spin-orbit coupling, show that KBiBa and KBiSr compounds are semiconductors with an indirect bandgap of 0.88 and 0.95 eV respectively. Performing calculations on lattice thermal conductivity, deformation potential, effective mass of charge carriers and their relaxation times allow us to deduce the dependence of the figure of merit ZT on doping concentration and temperature. At 1200 K, KBiBa and KBiSr compounds exhibit a ZT peak value of 2.68 and 1.56 at optimizedn-doping values of 2.2 × 1019and 1.7 × 1019 cm-3, respectively. Considering high ZT values, KBiBa and KBiSr are considered to be ideal TE candidates at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Meghoufel
- Laboratoire de Structure, Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaires, SEA2M, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - F Cherifi
- Laboratoire de Structure, Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaires, SEA2M, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - A Boukra
- Laboratoire de Structure, Elaboration et Application des Matériaux Moléculaires, SEA2M, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - F Terki
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Mi L, Ma J, Wu X, Fei Y. High Performance of a Metal Layer-Assisted Guided-Mode Resonance Biosensor Modulated by Double-Grating. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11070221. [PMID: 34356692 PMCID: PMC8301824 DOI: 10.3390/bios11070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Guided-mode resonance (GMR) sensors are widely used as biosensors with the advantages of simple structure, easy detection schemes, high efficiency, and narrow linewidth. However, their applications are limited by their relatively low sensitivity (<200 nm/RIU) and in turn low figure of merit (FOM, <100 1/RIU). Many efforts have been made to enhance the sensitivity or FOM, separately. To enhance the sensitivity and FOM simultaneously for more sensitive sensing, we proposed a metal layer-assisted double-grating (MADG) structure with the evanescent field extending to the sensing region enabled by the metal reflector layer underneath the double-grating. The influence of structural parameters was systematically investigated. Bulk sensitivity of 550.0 nm/RIU and FOM of 1571.4 1/RIU were obtained after numerical optimization. Compared with a single-grating structure, the surface sensitivity of the double-grating structure for protein adsorption increases by a factor of 2.4 times. The as-proposed MADG has a great potential to be a biosensor with high sensitivity and high accuracy.
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López Cota FA, Díaz-Guillén JA, Juan Dura O, López de la Torre MA, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Fernández Fuentes A. Mechanosynthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Fe, Zn, and Cd-Doped P-Type Tetrahedrite: Cu 12-xM xSb 4S 13. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14133448. [PMID: 34206233 PMCID: PMC8273704 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This contribution deals with the mechanochemical synthesis, characterization, and thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrite-based materials, Cu12-xMxSb4S13 (M = Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+; x = 0, 1.5, 2). High-energy mechanical milling allows obtaining pristine and substituted tetrahedrites, after short milling under ambient conditions, of stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding commercially available binary sulfides, i.e., Cu2S, CuS, Sb2S3, and MS (M = Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+). All the target materials but those containing Cd were obtained as single-phase products; some admixture of a hydrated cadmium sulfate was also identified by XRD as a by-product when synthesizing Cu10Cd2Sb4S13. The as-obtained products were thermally stable when firing in argon up to a temperature of 350–400 °C. Overall, the substitution of Cu(II) by Fe(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II) reduces tetrahedrites’ thermal and electrical conductivities but increases the Seebeck coefficient. Unfortunately, the values of the thermoelectric figure of merit obtained in this study are in general lower than those found in the literature for similar samples obtained by other powder processing methods; slight compositional changes, undetected secondary phases, and/or deficient sintering might account for some of these discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Arturo López Cota
- Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Apartado Postal 663, Saltillo 25000, Coahuila, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.A.L.C.); (A.F.F.); Tel.: +52-8442924211 (F.A.L.C.); +52-8444389600 (A.F.F.)
| | - José Alonso Díaz-Guillén
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Saltillo, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Juan Dura
- GFMA, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (O.J.D.); (M.A.L.d.l.T.)
| | - Marco Antonio López de la Torre
- GFMA, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (O.J.D.); (M.A.L.d.l.T.)
| | | | - Antonio Fernández Fuentes
- Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Apartado Postal 663, Saltillo 25000, Coahuila, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.A.L.C.); (A.F.F.); Tel.: +52-8442924211 (F.A.L.C.); +52-8444389600 (A.F.F.)
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Nag S, Singh R, Kumar R. Exceptionally high open circuit thermoelectric figure of merit in two-dimensional tin sulphide. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:315705. [PMID: 34038887 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric materials with high values of power factor and thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) are in great demand to make efficient thermoelectric devices. In this work, we explore the thermoelectric transport properties of layered tin sulphide (SnS) using first-principles method combined with Boltzmann transport theory. Our calculations show that the two-dimensional (2D) SnS materials have exceptionally high charge carrier mobilities and low lattice thermal conductivities as compared to other 2D materials such as graphene, phosphorene, MoS2, etc. Consequently, these 2D SnS materials have high power factor andZTvalues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Nag
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ranber Singh
- Department of Physics, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh 160019, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia and Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Zhu C, Chen Q, Ming H, Qin X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Peng D, Chen T, Li D, Kawazoe Y. Improved Thermoelectric Performance of Cu 12Sb 4S 13 through Gd-Substitution Induced Enhancement of Electronic Density of States and Phonon Scattering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:25092-25101. [PMID: 34027655 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cu12Sb4S13 has aroused great interest because of its earth-abundant constituents and intrinsic low thermal conductivity. However, the applications of Cu12Sb4S13 are hindered by its poor thermoelectric performance. Herein, it is shown that Gd substitution not only causes a significant increase in both electrical conductivity σ and thermopower S but also leads to dramatic drop in lattice thermal conductivity κL. Consequently, large ZT reaches 0.94 at 749 K for Cu11.7Gd0.3Sb4S13, which is ∼41% higher than the ZT value of undoped sample. Rietveld refinements of XRD results show that accompanying inhibition of impurity phase Cu3SbS4, the number of Cu vacancies increases substantially with substituted content x (x ≤ 0.3), which leads to reduced κL owing to intensive phonon scattering by the point defects and increased σ arising from the charged defects (VCu'). Crucially, synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy reveals substantial increment of electronic density of states at Fermi level upon Gd substitution, which is proven, by our first-principle calculations, to originate from contribution of Gd 4f orbit, resulting in enhancement of S. Our study provides us with a new path to enhance thermoelectric performance of Cu12Sb4S13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Quan Chen
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hongwei Ming
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Qin
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Di Peng
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Di Li
- Key Lab of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu India
- School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Sharma S, Singh HH, Kumar S, Khare N. PANI coupled hierarchical Bi 2S 3nanoflowers based hybrid nanocomposite for enhanced thermoelectric performance. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:335705. [PMID: 33721857 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abeeb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a promising material for thermoelectric applications owing to its non-toxicity and high abundance of bismuth (Bi) and sulfur (S) elements on earth. However, its low electrical conductivity drastically reduces the value of the figure of merit (ZT). In this work, we have synthesized three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Bi2S3nanoflowers (NFs) by the hydrothermal route and further incorporated them with conducting polymer polyaniline (PANI) by simple chemisorption method. We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of the as-prepared Bi2S3NFs and PANI/Bi2S3nanocomposite samples and it is demonstrated that the incorporation of the PANI matrix with the 3D hierarchical Bi2S3NFs provides a conducting substrate for the easy transport of the electrons and reduces the barrier height at the interface, resulting in ∼62% increment in the electrical conductivity as compared to Bi2S3NFs. Moreover, a decrement in the thermal conductivity of the PANI/Bi2S3nanocomposite is observed as compared to pristine Bi2S3NFs due to the increased phonon scattering at the interfaces facilitated by the hierarchical morphology of the NFs. Furthermore, an increment in the electrical conductivity and simultaneous decrement in the thermal conductivity results in an overall ∼20% increment in the figure of merit (ZT) for PANI/Bi2S3nanocomposite as compared to pristine Bi2S3NFs. The work highlights an effective strategy of coupling 3D hierarchical metal chalcogenide with conducting polymer for optimizing their thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Huidrom Hemojit Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Neeraj Khare
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
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Lou X, Li S, Chen X, Zhang Q, Deng H, Zhang J, Li D, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zeng H, Tang G. Lattice Strain Leads to High Thermoelectric Performance in Polycrystalline SnSe. ACS Nano 2021; 15:8204-8215. [PMID: 33852270 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycrystalline SnSe materials with ZT values comparable to those of SnSe crystals are greatly desired due to facile processing, machinability, and scale-up application. Here manipulating interatomic force by harnessing lattice strains was proposed for achieving significantly reduced lattice thermal conductivity in polycrystalline SnSe. Large static lattice strain created by lattice dislocations and stacking faults causes an effective shortening in phonon relaxation time, resulting in ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. A combination of band convergence and resonance levels induced by Ga incorporation contribute to a sharp increase of Seebeck coefficient and power factor. These lead to a high thermoelectric performance ZT ∼ 2.2, which is a record high ZT reported so far for solution-processed SnSe polycrystals. Besides the high peak ZT, a high average ZT of 0.72 and outstanding thermoelectric conversion efficiency of 12.4% were achieved by adopting nontoxic element doping, highlighting great potential for power generation application at intermediate temperatures. Engineering lattice strain to achieve ultralow lattice thermal conductivity with the aid of band convergence and resonance levels provides a great opportunity for designing prospective thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunuo Lou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qingtang Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Houquan Deng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guodong Tang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic and Intermetallic Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Li X, Peoples J, Yao P, Ruan X. Ultrawhite BaSO 4 Paints and Films for Remarkable Daytime Subambient Radiative Cooling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:21733-21739. [PMID: 33856776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a passive cooling technology that offers great promises to reduce space cooling cost, combat the urban island effect, and alleviate the global warming. To achieve passive daytime radiative cooling, current state-of-the-art solutions often utilize complicated multilayer structures or a reflective metal layer, limiting their applications in many fields. Attempts have been made to achieve passive daytime radiative cooling with single-layer paints, but they often require a thick coating or show partial daytime cooling. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate remarkable full-daytime subambient cooling performance with both BaSO4 nanoparticle films and BaSO4 nanocomposite paints. BaSO4 has a high electron band gap for low solar absorptance and phonon resonance at 9 μm for high sky window emissivity. With an appropriate particle size and a broad particle size distribution, the BaSO4 nanoparticle film reaches an ultrahigh solar reflectance of 97.6% and a high sky window emissivity of 0.96. During field tests, the BaSO4 film stays more than 4.5 °C below ambient temperature or achieves an average cooling power of 117 W/m2. The BaSO4-acrylic paint is developed with a 60% volume concentration to enhance the reliability in outdoor applications, achieving a solar reflectance of 98.1% and a sky window emissivity of 0.95. Field tests indicate similar cooling performance to the BaSO4 films. Overall, our BaSO4-acrylic paint shows a standard figure of merit of 0.77, which is among the highest of radiative cooling solutions while providing great reliability, convenient paint form, ease of use, and compatibility with the commercial paint fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Joseph Peoples
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Peiyan Yao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiulin Ruan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Abstract
The efficiency of a thermoelectric generator and the coefficient of performance (COP) of a thermoelectric heat pump are related to the hot and cold junction temperatures and a quantity known as the figure of merit, zT. During the second half of the twentieth century the figure of merit has gradually improved. This has come about through the selection of semiconducting materials with improved electronic properties and a small lattice thermal conductivity. Further advancements have been achieved by enhancing the scattering of phonons. There is also the possibility of improving the so-called power factor, that is the part of the figure of merit that contains the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity. However, it appears that it will be increasingly difficult to make further advances because of the manner in which these quantities vary with the Fermi energy. It is shown that this may set a practical limit on zT. Nevertheless, it may be possible to reach an efficiency or COP of about 40% of that of an ideal thermodynamic machine.
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Saeidi P, Jakoby B, Pühringer G, Tortschanoff A, Stocker G, Dubois F, Spettel J, Grille T, Jannesari R. Designing Mid-Infrared Gold-Based Plasmonic Slot Waveguides for CO 2-Sensing Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:2669. [PMID: 33920116 DOI: 10.3390/s21082669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic slot waveguides have attracted much attention due to the possibility of high light confinement, although they suffer from relatively high propagation loss originating from the presence of a metal. Although the tightly confined light in a small gap leads to a high confinement factor, which is crucial for sensing applications, the use of plasmonic guiding at the same time results in a low propagation length. Therefore, the consideration of a trade-off between the confinement factor and the propagation length is essential to optimize the waveguide geometries. Using silicon nitride as a platform as one of the most common material systems, we have investigated free-standing and asymmetric gold-based plasmonic slot waveguides designed for sensing applications. A new figure of merit (FOM) is introduced to optimize the waveguide geometries for a wavelength of 4.26 µm corresponding to the absorption peak of CO2, aiming at the enhancement of the confinement factor and propagation length simultaneously. For the free-standing structure, the achieved FOM is 274.6 corresponding to approximately 42% and 868 µm for confinement factor and propagation length, respectively. The FOM for the asymmetric structure shows a value of 70.1 which corresponds to 36% and 264 µm for confinement factor and propagation length, respectively.
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Jaldurgam FF, Ahmad Z, Touati F. Low-Toxic, Earth-Abundant Nanostructured Materials for Thermoelectric Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:895. [PMID: 33807350 PMCID: PMC8065495 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article presents recent research directions in the study of Earth-abundant, cost-effective, and low-toxic advanced nanostructured materials for thermoelectric generator (TEG) applications. This study's critical aspect is to systematically evaluate the development of high-performance nanostructured thermoelectric (TE) materials from sustainable sources, which are expected to have a meaningful and enduring impact in developing a cost-effective TE system. We review both the performance and limitation aspects of these materials at multiple temperatures from experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Recent developments in these materials towards enhancing the dimensionless figure of merit, Seebeck coefficient, reduction of the thermal conductivity, and improvement of electrical conductivity have also been discussed in detail. Finally, the future direction and the prospects of these nanostructured materials have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen F. Jaldurgam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.F.J.); (F.T.)
- Qatar University Young Scientist Center (YSC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Qatar University Young Scientist Center (YSC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farid Touati
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (F.F.J.); (F.T.)
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39
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Tao WL, Zhao YQ, Zeng ZY, Chen XR, Geng HY. Anisotropic Thermoelectric Materials: Pentagonal PtM 2 (M = S, Se, Te). ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:8700-8709. [PMID: 33556242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We here report a new pentagonal network structure of the PtM2 (M = S, Se, Te) monolayers with the P21/c (no. 14) space group. The electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of the pentagonal PtM2 monolayers are calculated through the VASP and BoltzTraP codes. We verify their dynamic and thermodynamic stabilities by calculating their phonon spectra and simulating ab initio molecular dynamics. It is found that the new material belongs to the medium-wide indirect band gap semiconductors from the PBE and HSE06 methods. At 300 K, the lattice thermal conductivities (Kl) of the pentagonal PtTe2 in the x and y directions are the smallest among these three materials, being 1.77 and 5.17 W/m K, respectively. The anisotropic zT values (2.60/1.14) in the x/y direction of the pentagonal PtTe2 at 300 K are much greater than those of the pentagonal PtSe2 (1.75/0.82) and the pentagonal PtS2 (0.58/0.16) at 300 K. Importantly, the p-type pentagonal PtTe2 also has excellent thermoelectric properties at 600 K, with a zT value of 5.03 in the x direction, indicating that the p-type pentagonal PtTe2 has a good application potential in the thermoelectric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Li Tao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ying-Qin Zhao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Zeng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hua-Yun Geng
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
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40
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Sharma V, Okram GS, Verma D, Lalla NP, Kuo YK. Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and Large Figure of Merit in Low-Cost and Nontoxic Core-Shell Cu@Cu 2O Nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:54742-54751. [PMID: 33258368 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification of novel materials with enhanced thermoelectric (TE) performance is critical for advancing TE research. In this direction, this is the first report on TE properties of low-cost, nontoxic, and abundant core-shell Cu@Cu2O nanocomposites synthesized using a facile and cheap solution-phase method. They show ultralow thermal conductivity of nearly 10-3 of the copper bulk value, large thermopower of ∼373 μVK-1, and, consequently, a TE figure of merit of 0.16 at 320 K which is larger than those of many of the potential TE materials such as PbTe, SnSe, and SiGe, showing its potential for TE applications. The ultralow thermal conductivity is mainly attributed to the multiscale phonon scattering from intrinsic defects in Cu2O, grain boundaries, lattice-mismatched interface, as well as dissimilar vibrational properties. The large thermopower is associated with a sharp modulation in carrier density of states due to charge transfer between Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles and carrier energy filtering. They are tuned by varying the trioctylphosphine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Sharma
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Gunadhor Singh Okram
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Divya Verma
- Government College Alote, District Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh 457114, India
| | - Niranjan Prasad Lalla
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001, India
| | - Yung-Kang Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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41
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Mitin D, Berdnikov Y, Vorobyev A, Mozharov A, Raudik S, Koval O, Neplokh V, Moiseev E, Ilatovskii D, Nasibulin AG, Mukhin I. Optimization of Optoelectronic Properties of Patterned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:55141-55147. [PMID: 33249829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel strategy to enhance optoelectrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films for transparent electrode applications by film patterning. First, we theoretically considered the effect of the conducting pattern geometry on the film quality factor and then experimentally examined the calculated structures. We extend these results to show that the best characteristics of patterned SWCNT films can be achieved using the combination of initial film properties: low transmittance and high conductivity. The proposed strategy allows the patterned layers of SWCNTs to outperform the widely used indium-tin-oxide electrodes on both flexible and rigid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Mitin
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Yury Berdnikov
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexandr Vorobyev
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Alexey Mozharov
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergei Raudik
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Olga Koval
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Eduard Moiseev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 16 Soyuza Pechatnikov, St. Petersburg 190008, Russia
| | - Daniil Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ivan Mukhin
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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Urbancova P, Chylek J, Hlubina P, Pudis D. Guided-Mode Resonance-Based Relative Humidity Sensing Employing a Planar Waveguide Structure. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6788. [PMID: 33261084 DOI: 10.3390/s20236788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new type of guided-mode resonance (GMR)-based sensor that utilizes a planar waveguide structure (PWS). We employed a PWS with an asymmetric three-layer waveguide structure consisting of substrate/Au/photoresist. The ellipsometric characterization of the structure layers, the simulated reflectance spectra, and optical field distributions under GMR conditions showed that multiple waveguide modes can be excited in the PWS. These modes can be used for refractive index sensing, and the theoretical analysis of the designed PWS showed a sensitivity to the refractive index up to 6600 nm per refractive index unit (RIU) and a figure of merit (FOM) up to 224 RIU−1. In response to these promising theoretical results, the PWS was used to measure the relative humidity (RH) of moist air with a sensitivity up to 0.141 nm/%RH and a FOM reaching 3.7 × 10−3%RH−1. The results demonstrate that this highly-sensitive and hysteresis-free sensor based on GMR has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications.
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Kotov VA, Nur-E-Alam M, Vasiliev M, Alameh K, Balabanov DE, Burkov VI. Enhanced Magneto-Optic Properties in Sputtered Bi- Containing Ferrite Garnet Thin Films Fabricated Using Oxygen Plasma Treatment and Metal Oxide Protective Layers. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225113. [PMID: 33198424 PMCID: PMC7697510 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magneto-optic (MO) imaging and sensing are at present the most developed practical applications of thin-film MO garnet materials. However, in order to improve sensitivity for a range of established and forward-looking applications, the technology and component-related advances are still necessary. These improvements are expected to originate from new material system development. We propose a set of technological modifications for the RF-magnetron sputtering deposition and crystallization annealing of magneto-optic bismuth-substituted iron-garnet films and investigate the improved material properties. Results show that standard crystallization annealing for the as-deposited ultrathin (sputtered 10 nm thick, amorphous phase) films resulted in more than a factor of two loss in the magneto-optical activity of the films in the visible spectral region, compared to the liquid-phase grown epitaxial films. Results also show that an additional 10 nm-thick metal-oxide (Bi2O3) protective layer above the amorphous film results in ~2.7 times increase in the magneto-optical quality of crystallized iron-garnet films. On the other hand, the effects of post-deposition oxygen (O2) plasma treatment on the magneto-optical (MO) properties of Bismuth substituted iron garnet thin film materials are investigated. Results show that in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (at 532 nm), the O2 treated (up to 3 min) garnet films retain higher specific Faraday rotation and figures of merit compared to non-treated garnet films.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Kotov
- Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Mohovaya St, Moscow 125009, Russia;
| | - M. Nur-E-Alam
- Electron Science Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (M.V.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - M. Vasiliev
- Electron Science Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (M.V.); (K.A.)
| | - K. Alameh
- Electron Science Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (M.V.); (K.A.)
| | - D. E. Balabanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutski Per., Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia; (D.E.B.); (V.I.B.)
| | - V. I. Burkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutski Per., Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia; (D.E.B.); (V.I.B.)
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44
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Lasareishvili B, Shi H, Wang X, Hillstead KD, Tediashvili M, Jaiani E, Tarabara VV. Virus recovery by tangential flow filtration: A model to guide the design of a sample concentration process. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3080. [PMID: 32985140 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple model is developed to describe the instantaneous (rv ) and cumulative (Rv ) recovery of viruses from water during sample concentration by tangential flow filtration in the regime of constant water recovery, r. A figure of merit, M = rv r, is proposed as an aggregate performance metric that captures both the efficiency of virus recovery and the speed of sample concentration. We derive an expression for virus concentration in the sample as a function of filtration time with the rate-normalized virus loss, η = 1 - r v r , as a parameter. A practically relevant case is considered when the rate of virus loss is proportional to the permeation-driven mass flux of viruses to the membrane: d m ad dt ∼ Q p C f ≫ Q p C p . In this scenario, the instantaneous recovery is constant, the cumulative recovery is decreasing as a power function of time, R v = 1 - Q p V 0 t η , η mediates the trade-off between r and rv , and M is maximized at r = r opt = 1 2 η . The proposed model can guide the design of the sample concentration process and serve as a framework for quantification and interlaboratory comparison of experimental data on virus recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besarion Lasareishvili
- School of Engineering and Technologies, Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xunhao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle D Hillstead
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marina Tediashvili
- Giorgi Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ekaterine Jaiani
- Giorgi Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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45
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Gryga M, Ciprian D, Hlubina P. Bloch Surface Wave Resonance Based Sensors as an Alternative to Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E5119. [PMID: 32911784 PMCID: PMC7570763 DOI: 10.3390/s20185119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a highly sensitive measurement of the relative humidity (RH) of moist air using both the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Bloch surface wave resonance (BSWR). Both resonances are resolved in the Kretschmann configuration when the wavelength interrogation method is utilized. The SPR is revealed for a multilayer plasmonic structure of SF10/Cr/Au, while the BSWR is resolved for a multilayer dielectric structure (MDS) comprising four bilayers of TiO2/SiO2 with a rough termination layer of TiO2. The SPR effect is manifested by a dip in the reflectance of a p-polarized wave, and a shift of the dip with the change in the RH, or equivalently with the change in the refractive index of moist air is revealed, giving a sensitivity in a range of 0.042-0.072 nm/%RH. The BSWR effect is manifested by a dip in the reflectance of the spectral interference of s- and p-polarized waves, which represents an effective approach in resolving the resonance with maximum depth. For the MDS under study, the BSWRs were resolved within two band gaps, and for moist air we obtained sensitivities of 0.021-0.038 nm/%RH and 0.046-0.065 nm/%RH, respectively. We also revealed that the SPR based RH measurement is with the figure of merit (FOM) up to 4.7 × 10-4 %RH-1, while BSWR based measurements have FOMs as high as 3.0 × 10-3 %RH-1 and 1.1 × 10-3 %RH-1, respectively. The obtained spectral interferometry based results demonstrate that the BSWR based sensor employing the available MDS has a similar sensitivity as the SPR based sensor, but outperforms it in the FOM. BSW based sensors employing dielectrics thus represent an effective alternative with a number of advantages, including better mechanical and chemical stability than metal films used in SPR sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petr Hlubina
- Department of Physics, Technical University Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; (M.G.); (D.C.)
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Zhu XL, Yang H, Zhou WX, Wang B, Xu N, Xie G. KAgX (X = S, Se): High-Performance Layered Thermoelectric Materials for Medium-Temperature Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:36102-36109. [PMID: 32666784 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer KAgX are a class of novel two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with efficient optical absorption and superior carrier mobility, signifying their potential application prospect in photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) fields. Motivated by the recent theoretical studies on the KAgX monolayer, we carried out systematic investigations on the TE performance of KAgS and KAgSe monolayers, employing density functional theory (DFT) and semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation (BTE). For both KAgSe and KAgS monolayers, large Grüneisen parameters, low group velocities, and short phonon scattering time greatly hinder their heat transport and result in an ultralow thermal conductivity, 0.26 and 0.33 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K, respectively. A twofold degeneracy appearing at the Γ point and the abrupt slope of the density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level give rise to high Seebeck coefficients of KAgX monolayers. Due to the ultralow thermal conductivity and excellent electronic transport performance, the ZT values as high as 4.65 (3.11) and 4.05 (2.63) at 500 (300) K in the n-type doping for KAgSe and KAgS monolayers are obtained. The exceptional performance of KAgX monolayers sheds light on their immense potential applications in the medium-temperature (around 300-500 K) thermoelectric devices and greatly stimulates further experimental synthesis and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Liang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hengyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Wu-Xing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Baotian Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Guofeng Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Feldhoff A. Power Conversion and Its Efficiency in Thermoelectric Materials. Entropy (Basel) 2020; 22:e22080803. [PMID: 33286574 PMCID: PMC7517375 DOI: 10.3390/e22080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The basic principles of thermoelectrics rely on the coupling of entropy and electric charge. However, the long-standing dispute of energetics versus entropy has long paralysed the field. Herein, it is shown that treating entropy and electric charge in a symmetric manner enables a simple transport equation to be obtained and the power conversion and its efficiency to be deduced for a single thermoelectric material apart from a device. The material’s performance in both generator mode (thermo-electric) and entropy pump mode (electro-thermal) are discussed on a single voltage-electrical current curve, which is presented in a generalized manner by relating it to the electrically open-circuit voltage and the electrically closed-circuited electrical current. The electrical and thermal power in entropy pump mode are related to the maximum electrical power in generator mode, which depends on the material’s power factor. Particular working points on the material’s voltage-electrical current curve are deduced, namely, the electrical open circuit, electrical short circuit, maximum electrical power, maximum power conversion efficiency, and entropy conductivity inversion. Optimizing a thermoelectric material for different working points is discussed with respect to its figure-of-merit zT and power factor. The importance of the results to state-of-the-art and emerging materials is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Feldhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Chou Chao CT, Chou Chau YF, Huang HJ, Kumara NTRN, Kooh MRR, Lim CM, Chiang HP. Highly Sensitive and Tunable Plasmonic Sensor Based on a Nanoring Resonator with Silver Nanorods. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E1399. [PMID: 32708425 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We numerically and theoretically investigate a highly sensitive and tunable plasmonic refractive index sensor that is composed of a metal-insulator-metal waveguide with a side-coupled nanoring, containing silver nanorods using the finite element method. Results reveal that the presence of silver nanorods in the nanoring has a significant impact on sensitivity and tunability performance. It gives a flexible way to tune the system response in the proposed structure. Our designed sensor has a sensitivity of 2080 nm/RIU (RIU is the refractive index unit) along with a figure of merit and a quality factor of 29.92 and 29.67, respectively. The adequate refractive index sensitivity can increase by adding the silver nanorods in a nanoring, which can induce new surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes that cannot be found by a regular nanoring. For a practical application, a valid introduction of silver nanorods in the nanoring can dramatically reduce the dimension of the proposed structure without sacrificing performance.
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Seo YM, Jang W, Gu T, Whang D. Highly Efficient n-Type Doping of Graphene by Vacuum Annealed Amine-Rich Macromolecules. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092166. [PMID: 32397067 PMCID: PMC7254272 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent conducting electrodes (FTCE) are an essential component of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Graphene is expected to be a promising material for the FTCE, because of its high transparency, large charge carrier mobilities, and outstanding chemical and mechanical stability. However, the electrical conductivity of graphene is still not good enough to be used as the electrode of an FTCE, which hinders its practical application. In this study, graphene was heavily n-type doped while maintaining high transmittance by adsorbing amine-rich macromolecules to graphene. The n-type charge-transfer doping of graphene was maximized by increasing the density of free amine in the macromolecule through a vacuum annealing process. The graphene adsorbed with the n-type dopants was stacked twice, resulting in a graphene FTCE with a sheet resistance of 38 ohm/sq and optical transmittance of 94.1%. The figure of merit (FoM) of the graphene electrode is as high as 158, which is significantly higher than the minimum standard for commercially available transparent electrodes (FoM = 35) as well as graphene electrodes doped with previously reported chemical doping methods. Furthermore, the n-doped graphene electrodes not only show outstanding flexibility but also maintain the doping effect even in high temperature (500 K) and high vacuum (~10−6 torr) conditions. These results show that the graphene doping proposed in this study is a promising approach for graphene-based next-generation FTCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Seo
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-M.S.); (W.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Wonseok Jang
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-M.S.); (W.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Taejun Gu
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-M.S.); (W.J.); (T.G.)
| | - Dongmok Whang
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (Y.-M.S.); (W.J.); (T.G.)
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Isiyaku AK, Ali AH, Nayan N. Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al-Ag/ITO multilayer contact. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:695-702. [PMID: 32461871 PMCID: PMC7214864 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a widely used material for transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films due to its good optical and electrical properties. Improving the optoelectronic properties of ITO films with reduced thickness is crucial and quite challenging. ITO-based multilayer films with an aluminium-silver (Al-Ag) interlayer (ITO/Al-Ag/ITO) and a pure ITO layer (as reference) were prepared by RF and DC sputtering. The microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/Al-Ag/ITO (IAAI) films were investigated before and after annealing at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the insertion of the Al-Ag intermediate bilayer led to the crystallization of an Ag interlayer even at the as-deposited stage. Peaks attributed to ITO(222), Ag(111) and Al(200) were observed after annealing, indicating an enhancement in crystallinity of the multilayer films. The annealed IAAI film exhibited a remarkable improvement in optical transmittance (86.1%) with a very low sheet resistance of 2.93 Ω/sq. The carrier concentration increased more than twice when the Al-Ag layer was inserted between the ITO layers. The figure of merit of the IAAI multilayer contact has been found to be high at 76.4 × 10-3 Ω-1 compared to a pure ITO contact (69.4 × 10-3 Ω-1). These highly conductive and transparent ITO films with Al-Ag interlayer can be a promising contact for low-resistance optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku
- Optical Fiber Laser Technology Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology Pagoh Educational Hub, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, P.M.B 2339, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Hadi Ali
- Optical Fiber Laser Technology Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology Pagoh Educational Hub, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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